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Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas Mar 2022Hand eczema is common in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), but few studies have described the characteristics of these patients in large, representative populations...
BACKGROUND
Hand eczema is common in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), but few studies have described the characteristics of these patients in large, representative populations from different geographic regions and occupational settings.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the epidemiological, clinical, and allergy profile of patients with hand eczema who underwent patch testing and compare patients with and without AD.
METHODS
Analysis of data from the Spanish Contact Dermatitis Registry, a multicenter registry of patients who undergo patch testing in Spain.
RESULTS
We included 1466 patients with hand eczema who were patch tested between January 2018 and June 2020. Those with AD were younger and had had symptoms for longer before testing. They were also more likely to have been exposed to occupational triggers (38% vs 53% for patients without AD). The only profession for which significant differences were found was hairdressing. The most common allergens were nickel sulfate, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone, cobalt chloride, potassium dichromate, fragrance mixes I and II, and formaldehyde. The most common diagnoses were allergic contact dermatitis (24% vs 31% in patients with and without AD, P=.0224) and irritant contact dermatitis (18% and 35% respectively, P<.001).
CONCLUSIONS
AD is common in patients with predominant hand eczema who undergo patch testing. Patients with hand eczema and AD have different clinical and epidemiological characteristics to hand eczema patients in general and their final diagnosis following patch testing is also different.
Topics: Allergens; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermatitis, Atopic; Eczema; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Patch Tests; Registries; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35526918
DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2021.10.002 -
Sisli Etfal Hastanesi Tip Bulteni 2020Sensitization of allergens varies among societies and also it is influenced by various factors, such as age and gender. It may even change over the years. In this study,...
OBJECTIVES
Sensitization of allergens varies among societies and also it is influenced by various factors, such as age and gender. It may even change over the years. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the patch test results in patients with contact dermatitis (CD) in our center.
METHODS
European standard series patch test results of patients with CD between 2017 and 2018 were evaluated retrospectively.
RESULTS
Of the 135 patients, 65 (48.1%) were males, 70 (51.9%) were females. The mean age of patients was 41.43±14.26 (11-78) years. In 78 (57.8%) patients, a positive reaction against at least one allergen was detected. The most common allergens were nickel sulfate (27.4%), potassium dichromate (14.8%), cobalt chloride (11.9%), textile dye mix (8.1%), fragrance mix i, ii (6.7%) and balsam of Peru (4.4%). The sensitization of nickel sulfate was higher in females and sensitization of cobalt chloride and potassium dichromate in males (p=0.03, 0.05, 0.03, respectively). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, age was independently related to a positive reaction against at least one allergen.
CONCLUSION
Nickel sulfate, potassium dichromate, cobalt chloride and textile dye mix were the most common allergens. Legal regulations should be made to decrease exposure to allergens.
PubMed: 32617060
DOI: 10.14744/SEMB.2020.02703 -
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences Mar 2023Hexavalent chromium, toxic heavy metal, among the top-rated environmental contaminants, is declared a potent endocrine disruptor in humans and animals. The present study...
Hexavalent chromium, toxic heavy metal, among the top-rated environmental contaminants, is declared a potent endocrine disruptor in humans and animals. The present study was planned to find harmful effects on the reproductive system caused by Cr (VI) and the ameliorative effect of and -mediated AgNP on male mice (). In the present study, known infertility medicine, clomiphene citrate is also used as a positive control. The main objective of the present study was to assess the ameliorative potential of oral administration of a dose of 50 mg/kg BW clomiphene citrate (control), AgNP via chemical synthesis, seed extract, and -mediated AgNP against the Cr (VI) at the dose of 1.5 mg/kg BW from KCrO orally induced toxicity over eight weeks on the reproductive performance of male albino mice. mediated AgNPs were characterized by UV, SEM, FTIR, and XRD. The histological analysis, smear study, antioxidant capacity test, and hormone analysis were conducted by blood samples of albino mice. Cr exposed groups showed a significant decrease in sperm head breadth (5.29 ± 0.54 µ) and length (19.54 ± 1.18 µ), middle piece length, tail length, LH (1.65 ± 0.15 ng/mL), testosterone (2.63 ± 0.29 ng/mL), SOD (61.40 ± 2.48 mmol/mL), CAT (87.40 ± 6.01 mmol/mL), GSH (1.54 ± 0.09 µmol/mL), and no of spermatogonia (1.22 ± 0.25), and spermatocytes (2.33 ± 0.943). However, FSH level (160.00 ± 4.98 ng/mL), seminiferous tubule CSA (1094.69 ± 49.76 mm), size of spermatogonia (41.30 ± 1.24 µ), and spermatocytes (26.07 ± 1.34 µ) were significantly increased. Administration of and -mediated AgNPs reduced the toxicity.
PubMed: 36860759
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103570 -
Biological Trace Element Research Nov 2023Lactoferrin (LCF), a potent naturally occurring antioxidant, is a crucial component in preventing potassium dichromate (PDC) toxicity. The goal of the current work was...
Lactoferrin (LCF), a potent naturally occurring antioxidant, is a crucial component in preventing potassium dichromate (PDC) toxicity. The goal of the current work was to study the potential efficacy of LCF in preventing PDC(CrVI)-induced testicular toxicity and oxidative injury in rats. Six groups of male rats of Wistar stain were randomly categorized into: group 1, which served as the control; group 2 and 3 received LCF (200 and 300 mg/kg orally, respectively); group 4 received PDC (2 mg/kg i.p.); group 5 and 6 pretreated with LCF, followed by PDC as in group 4 with 90 min apart for 28 days. PDC-intoxicated rats showed a significantly altered spermogram with abnormal sperm morphology. PDC significantly upregulated serum FSH and downregulated testosterone levels. Additionally, PDC decreased the levels of testicular key antioxidant biomarkers (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH)) with elevated lipid peroxidation marker (TBARS) and testicular chromium content. Moreover, it upregulated testicular proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α, induced histopathological changes in testes with significant immunohistochemical expression of FasL and moderate expression of Nrf2. Pretreatment with LCF significantly mitigated PDC-induced testicular toxicity by enhancing spermogram, improving hormonal levels, restoring testicular oxidant/antioxidant balance, and decreasing testicular IL-1, IL6, IL-10, and TNFα levels, and amending both FasL and Nrf2 immunohistochemical-expression. Additionally, LCF improved testicular histopathological picture and spermatogenesis. Our results highlight the importance of LCF as a superior protective modulator of PDC-induced testicular injury.
Topics: Rats; Male; Animals; Testis; Antioxidants; Lactoferrin; Interleukin-10; Chromium; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Rats, Wistar; Semen; Oxidative Stress; Glutathione; Potassium Dichromate; Interleukin-1
PubMed: 36877398
DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03605-3 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jan 2022This study was conducted to investigate the molecular mechanisms of selenium (Se) antagonism of hexavalent chromium (Cr)-induced toxicity. Potassium dichromate (KCrO)...
This study was conducted to investigate the molecular mechanisms of selenium (Se) antagonism of hexavalent chromium (Cr)-induced toxicity. Potassium dichromate (KCrO) and selenium-enriched yeast (SeY) were used to construct the single Cr and combined Se/Cr exposure broiler models, and then the broilers were randomly divided into four groups (C group, Se group, Se/Cr group, and Cr group). After a 42-day experiment, the spleen tissues of broilers were excised and weighted. The antagonistic mechanisms of Se and Cr were evaluated using histopathological assessment, serum biochemical tests, oxidative stress kits, ELISA, qPCR, and Western blotting. On the whole, there were no significant changes between the C and Se groups. The spleen organ index in the Cr group was significantly decreased, but SeY increased spleen organ index to a certain extent. The levels of SOD and GSH were reduced, and the MDA content was elevated by Cr; however, these changes were mitigated by Se/Cr exposure. Importantly, Cr exposure induced a series of histopathological injuries in broiler spleen tissues, while these symptoms were significantly relieved in the Se/Crgroup. Furthermore, Cr significantly decreased the levels of T-globulin, IgA, IgM, and IgG in serum. Contrarily, dramatically more T-globulin IgA, IgM, and IgG were found in the Se/Crgroup than in the Cr group. Revealed by the results of qPCR and WB, the expressions of NF-κB, IκBα, and p-IκBα were upregulated in Cr groups, while they were downregulated in Se/Cr group compared to that in Cr group. Besides IFN-γ and IL-2, the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly increased by Cr exposure, but the SeY supplement relived the expression levels mediated by Cr exposure. In conclusion, our findings suggest SeY has biological activity that can protect broiler spleens from immunosuppression and inflammation induced by Cr, and we speculate that the NF-κB signaling pathway is one of its mechanisms.
PubMed: 35049769
DOI: 10.3390/ani12020146 -
Toxicology Jan 2018According to the new EU Medical Devices (MDR) legislation coming into effect in 2017, manufactures will have to comply with higher standards of quality and safety for...
According to the new EU Medical Devices (MDR) legislation coming into effect in 2017, manufactures will have to comply with higher standards of quality and safety for medical devices in order to meet common safety concerns regarding such products. Metal alloys are extensively used in dentistry and medicine (e.g. orthopedic surgery and cardiology) even though clinical experience suggests that many metals are sensitizers. The aim of this study was to further test the applicability domain of the in vitro reconstructed human epidermis (RhE) IL-18 assay developed to identify contact allergens and in doing so: i) determine whether different metal salts, representing leachables from metal alloys used in medical devices, could be correctly labelled and classified; and ii) assess the ability of different salts for the same metal to penetrate the skin stratum corneum. Twenty eight chemicals including 15 metal salts were topically exposed to RhE. Nickel, chrome, gold, palladium were each tested in two different salt forms, and titanium in 4 different salt forms. Metal salts were labelled (YES/NO) as sensitizer if a threshold of more than 5 fold IL18 release was reached. The in vitro estimation of expected sensitization induction level (potency) was assessed by interpolating in vitro EC50 and IL-18 SI2 with LLNA EC3 and human NOEL values from standard reference curves generated using DNCB (extreme) and benzocaine (weak). Metal salts, in contrast to other chemical sensitizers and with the exception of potassium dichromate (VI) and cobalt (II) chloride, were not identified as contact allergens since they only induced a small or no increase in IL-18 production. This finding was not related to a lack of stratum corneum skin penetration since EC50 values (decrease in metabolic activity; MTT assay) were obtained after topical RhE exposure to 8 of the 15 metal salts. For nickel, gold and palladium salts, differences in EC50 values between two salts for the same metal could not be attributed to differences in molarity or valency. For chrome salts the difference in EC50 values may be explained by different valencies (VI vs. III), but not by molarity. In general, metal salts were classified as weaker sensitizers than was indicated from in vivo LLNA EC3 and NOEL data. Our in vitro results show that metals are problematic chemicals to test, in line with the limited number of standardized human and animal studies, which are not currently considered adequate to predict systemic hypersensitivity or autoimmunity, and despite clinical experience, which clearly shows that many metals are indeed a risk to human health.
Topics: Allergens; Animal Testing Alternatives; Epidermis; Haptens; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Interleukin-18; Local Lymph Node Assay; Male; Metals; No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; Toxicity Tests
PubMed: 29079364
DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.10.014 -
Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2023The Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law is widely used as the fundamental equation for quantification in absorption spectroscopy. However, deviations from the Bouguer-Lambert-Beer...
The Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law is widely used as the fundamental equation for quantification in absorption spectroscopy. However, deviations from the Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law have also been observed, such as chemical deviation and light scattering effect. While it has been proven and shown that the Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law is valid only under very restricted limitations, there are only a few alternatives of analytical models to this law. Based on the observation in the experiments, we propose a novel model to solve the problem of chemical deviation and light scattering effect. To test the proposed model, a systematic verification was conducted using potassium dichromate solutions and two types of microalgae suspensions with varying concentrations and path lengths. Our proposed model demonstrated excellent performance, with a correlation coefficient ( ) exceeding 0.995 for all tested materials, significantly surpassing the Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law, which had an as low as 0.94. Our results confirm that the absorbance of pure pigment solutions follows the Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law, while the microalgae suspensions do not due to the light scattering effect. We also show that this scattering effect leads to huge deviations for the commonly used linear scaling of the spectra, and we provide a better solution based on the proposed model. This work provides a powerful tool for chemical analysis and especially for the quantification of microorganisms, such as the concentration of biomass or intracellular biomolecules. Not only the high accuracy but also the simplicity of the model makes it a practical alternative to the existing Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law.
PubMed: 37008024
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1116735 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science Jul 2022Intestinal infection, caused by various protozoans and helminths, represents one of the significant health concerns in pigeons around the world.
BACKGROUND
Intestinal infection, caused by various protozoans and helminths, represents one of the significant health concerns in pigeons around the world.
OBJECTIVES
The present study aimed to determine the diversity and prevalence of the intestinal parasites in pigeons found in Ratnanagar Municipality, Chitwan, in central Nepal.
METHODS
The fresh faecal samples (n = 155) were non-invasively collected from different households and temples pigeons The individual samples were immediately preserved in the 2.5% potassium dichromate solution and transported to the research laboratory. Following direct wet mount and concentration methods, the samples were observed under a compound microscope.
RESULTS
The results showed 87.1% prevalence rate with 16 parasite species that included 8 protozoan and 8 helminth faunae. The faecal samples of temple pigeons contained a higher prevalence rate with higher parasitic richness (95.6%; 16 species) than household pigeons (75.4%; 12 species). Mixed infection up to four different species was recorded in both types of sampling populations.
CONCLUSIONS
Pigeons harbour a greater prevalence and wider diversity of intestinal parasites and the parasitism varies based on the habitats. Proper management and effective deworming practices are recommended to control intestinal parasitic infection in these avian hosts.
Topics: Animals; Bird Diseases; Columbidae; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Nepal; Parasites; Prevalence
PubMed: 35352510
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.792 -
Medical Archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and... Oct 2018Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a delayed type of hypersensitivity from contact with a specific allergen to which the patients has developed a specific sensitivity....
BACKGROUND
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a delayed type of hypersensitivity from contact with a specific allergen to which the patients has developed a specific sensitivity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of epicutaneous patch testing with standard series of contact allergen in patients suspected to have ACD.
METHODS
355 cases of ACD were included in the study. Test substances were applied on the upper part of the patient's back, on clinically uninvolved and untreated skin. All patients were free from therapy with oral antihistamines, steroids and immunosuppressants. The patch test was removed and reaction were evaluated after 48 h and 72 h. Grading of negative (-) to positive (+ to ++++) patch test was done according to the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group. Statistical data analysis was performed by using χ-test.
RESULTS
Of the 355 cases, 146 patients were male (41.1%) and 209 were female (58.9%). The youngest patients in the study was 16 years of age and the oldest was 67 years of age. The commonest age group affected was 41-50 years. Hands were the most common site of involvement. The occupational character of skin lesions was find in 75 (21.1%). The most common positive reactions were recorded to nickel sulphate 99 (27.8%), cobalt chloride 46 (12.9%), thimerosal 31 (8.7%), colophony 23 (6.5%), carba mix 21 (5.9%), potassium dichromate 20 (5.6%), acid chromici 19 (5.3%), fragrance mix 18 (5%), balsam of Peru 13 (3.7%), formaldehyde 9 (2.5%), and other allergens 26 (7.3%). Females were significantly more likely to show a positive response to two or more allergens (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant impact of age, occupation and duration of disease on results of patch testing (p>0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate that nickel sulphate, cobalt chloride and thimerosal are the most common allergens responsible for induction of ACD. These findings are crucial in the treatment, long term management, an education of patients with ACD.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Allergens; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Patch Tests; Skin Tests; Young Adult
PubMed: 30514994
DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2018.72.276-279 -
Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences Jul 2014To investigate the potential harmful effects of potassium dichromate and magnesium sulphate causing oxidative stress and reproductive toxicity in adult male mice model.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the potential harmful effects of potassium dichromate and magnesium sulphate causing oxidative stress and reproductive toxicity in adult male mice model.
METHODS
The experimental work was conducted on sixty male mice (Mus musculus) divided into three groups. Mice in group B and C received potassium dichromate and magnesium sulphate of 5.0 and 500 mg/Kg body weight/ml respectively, for sixty days. The blood sample was analyzed to assess oxidative stress and cellular damage.
RESULTS
RESULTS showed high malondialdehyde (MDA) and low levels of antioxidant enzymes [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] in both potassium dichromate and magnesium sulphate administrated groups as compared to control group. Reduced number of sperm count and excessive destruction of testicular follicles, including destruction of spermatids, leydig cells and sertoli cells, were also seen in both groups.
CONCLUSION
We concluded from present study that potassium dichromate and magnesium sulphate causes oxidative stress by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and causing DNA damage in testicular cells leading to adverse reproductive abnormalities.
PubMed: 25097524
DOI: 10.12669/pjms.304.4757