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Digestive Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) 2022Jaundice is a common clinical finding in clinical practice of hepatologists and general practitioners. It occurs when serum bilirubin levels exceed 3 mg/dL. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Jaundice is a common clinical finding in clinical practice of hepatologists and general practitioners. It occurs when serum bilirubin levels exceed 3 mg/dL.
SUMMARY
In this review, we summarize the pathophysiological mechanism of jaundice, clinical approach to the patient with jaundice, and laboratory and imaging techniques. Clinical presentation of jaundice manifests through yellow skin and sclera coloration. Evaluation of every patient includes detailed medical history and examination. In the laboratory, evaluation of enzymes of hepatic inflammation as well as cholestatic enzymes with serum bilirubin must be included. Additional laboratory analysis and imaging modalities are needed in order to differentiate jaundice etiology. Moreover, imaging is available and needed in further evaluation, and treatment is dependent on the underlying cause.
KEY MESSAGES
In this review, we will outline the pathophysiological mechanism of jaundice, clinical approach to the patient with jaundice, and diagnostic and treatment approach to these patients.
Topics: Bilirubin; Cholestasis; General Practitioners; Humans; Jaundice; Liver Function Tests
PubMed: 34015787
DOI: 10.1159/000517301 -
Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.) Jun 2019Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (hsct) is a medical procedure that consists of infusing stem cells after a short course of chemotherapy or radiotherapy, or both.... (Review)
Review
Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (hsct) is a medical procedure that consists of infusing stem cells after a short course of chemotherapy or radiotherapy, or both. It can be used in the treatment of various cancers, as well as some benign conditions. In the present review, we discuss the various types of hsct and their main indications. The principles of the transplant procedure itself and the basics of recipient selection are reviewed. Special attention is given to both the immediate and the long-term complications of hsct and their management strategies. Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation is a potentially life-saving procedure and often the only curative option for a variety of diseases; however, it is not without significant toxicities.
Topics: General Practitioners; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 31285665
DOI: 10.3747/co.26.5033 -
Nurse Education Today Mar 2021Globally, the role of nurse practitioner is evolving to meet increased healthcare demands. Nevertheless, there are factors hindering the development of this role, one of... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Globally, the role of nurse practitioner is evolving to meet increased healthcare demands. Nevertheless, there are factors hindering the development of this role, one of which involves differences in nurse practitioner education worldwide. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to identify what is known in the research field on the content of nurse practitioner educational programmes.
DESIGN AND DATA SOURCES
The literature scoping review follows a six-stage methodological framework including: i) formulate research questions, ii) identify relevant studies, iii) select studies, iv) chart data, v) collate, summarize and report the results, vi) consultations. Data bases searched included CINAHL, PubMed and ERIC and were followed by manual searching of reference list in the included papers. Of the 1553 papers identified, 16 met the aim of this study.
REVIEW METHODS
To answer the research questions 'what is the content of curricula in nurse practitioner education?' a deductive content analysis was used.
RESULTS
Two main categories emerged. The first was related to the professional nurse practitioner role and includes research and nursing theories, leadership and collaboration, and organizational, political, economic, regulatory and legislative issues. The second is related to becoming an autonomous practitioner and includes health promotion and disease prevention, and other medically oriented content.
CONCLUSIONS
The content identified is consistent with the core competencies that nurse practitioners are expected to have after graduation, which have been described by the International Council of Nurses and by other researchers. Given the lack of recent research in nurse practitioner education, the results of the present study advance knowledge in this research field. Additionally, this study may be of practical value in developing new nurse practitioner educational programmes.
Topics: Clinical Competence; Curriculum; Humans; Leadership; Nurse Practitioners; Nurse's Role
PubMed: 33203544
DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104650 -
Critical Care Medicine Jan 2021Latent class analysis is a probabilistic modeling algorithm that allows clustering of data and statistical inference. There has been a recent upsurge in the application... (Review)
Review
Latent class analysis is a probabilistic modeling algorithm that allows clustering of data and statistical inference. There has been a recent upsurge in the application of latent class analysis in the fields of critical care, respiratory medicine, and beyond. In this review, we present a brief overview of the principles behind latent class analysis. Furthermore, in a stepwise manner, we outline the key processes necessary to perform latent class analysis including some of the challenges and pitfalls faced at each of these steps. The review provides a one-stop shop for investigators seeking to apply latent class analysis to their data.
Topics: Data Interpretation, Statistical; Humans; Latent Class Analysis; Statistics as Topic
PubMed: 33165028
DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000004710 -
Western Journal of Nursing Research Apr 2019There is heated debate surrounding policy reform granting full state-level nurse practitioner (NP) scope of practice (SOP) in all U.S. states. NP SOP policy is argued to...
There is heated debate surrounding policy reform granting full state-level nurse practitioner (NP) scope of practice (SOP) in all U.S. states. NP SOP policy is argued to impact access to care; however, a synthesis of empirical studies assessing this relationship has yet to be performed. Our study fills this critical gap by systematically reviewing studies that examine this relationship. We apply Aday and Andersen's Access Framework to operationalize access to care. We also use this framework to map components of access to care that may relate to NP SOP through concepts identified in this review. Our findings suggest that full state-level NP SOP policy is associated with increases in various components of access to care, but additional work is needed to evaluate causality and underlying mechanisms behind this policy's effect on access. This work is necessary to align research, practice, and policy efforts surrounding NP SOP with healthcare accessibility.
Topics: Health Policy; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Nurse Practitioners; Nurse's Role; Policy Making; State Government
PubMed: 30136613
DOI: 10.1177/0193945918795168 -
Behavior Analysis in Practice Sep 2018Our goal should not be to train scientist-practitioners but rather to train science-based practitioners, that is practitioners who base their practice on scientifically...
Our goal should not be to train scientist-practitioners but rather to train science-based practitioners, that is practitioners who base their practice on scientifically solid, applied research; and when caught in a tight spot where there is no (JABA) research on which to depend, they base their practice on basic, scientific research, that is the (JEAB) or more realistically B. F. Skinner's pre-JEAB research.
PubMed: 30363789
DOI: 10.1007/s40617-018-0230-3 -
Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery :... Oct 2021A clinical study has noted that one out of six patients is perceived as "difficult" by clinicians. Not surprisingly, patient dissatisfaction has to do with multiple... (Review)
Review
A clinical study has noted that one out of six patients is perceived as "difficult" by clinicians. Not surprisingly, patient dissatisfaction has to do with multiple factors, both within and outside the control of the surgeon. In the present times of electronic information and ratings, managing difficult patients is a critical skill-a patient's dissatisfactory review could adversely affect a practitioner's reputation built over years of meticulous practice. Patient expectations are often more pronounced in case of elective medical procedures such as hair transplants. The subject of managing an unhappy patient in the context of hair transplantation is, therefore, one that requires due enquiry and is the subject that this article seeks to explore.
PubMed: 34984091
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739249 -
Cureus Aug 2020The trauma and orthopaedic speciality continues to advance as surgery becomes more accessible and safe. However, the bygone days of treatment with traction still has its... (Review)
Review
The trauma and orthopaedic speciality continues to advance as surgery becomes more accessible and safe. However, the bygone days of treatment with traction still has its merits and should remain a part of practitioner's repertoire. This will allow the practitioners to be resourceful in times of unexpected scenarios. We aim to write this article to describe indications, applications of various forms of traction, and their relevant complications.
PubMed: 32983726
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10034 -
Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery &... Feb 2022Foot and hallux valgus surgery are amongst the most commonly performed surgeries, with a growing number of procedures leading to litigation. The aim of this conference... (Review)
Review
Foot and hallux valgus surgery are amongst the most commonly performed surgeries, with a growing number of procedures leading to litigation. The aim of this conference is to provide an update on the causes of malpractice claims and the associated risk factors. What are the causes of litigation? Acute or chronic residual pain, stiffness, metatarsalgia, consolidation delays, secondary displacements, suboptimal results are the most common causes found in litigious proceedings. What are the risk factors? Surgeon-related and patient-related risk factors exist. Percutaneous surgery or the development of outpatient hospitalization are not specific risk factors. From the point of view of practitioners, the application and traceability of recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis, for thromboembolic disease, or for the checklist are essential, allowing causes of blame to be easily avoided. Information is fundamental. Since the Law of the 4th of March 2002, the surgeon-patient relationship has changed. Pre-operative information archived in the practitioner's file is essential. This includes written and oral information which is consented to and understood by the patient. Thus, the understanding and compliance with immediate post-operative instructions or adherence to the post-operative program are success factors regarding the surgical outcome. The patient must also be informed and aware of their own individual risk factors (e.g. smoking and immunosuppression, particularly) which require greater caution. What is the best way to reduce the risk of these claims being made? It is about traceability: traceability of clinical examination, procedures, information and exchanges with the patient. It is only under this principle that the surgeon-patient relationship can be clearer, respectful and consequently less conducive to litigation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: V; expert opinion.
Topics: Hallux Valgus; Humans; Malpractice; Risk Factors; Surgeons
PubMed: 34838752
DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2021.103152 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2022Modern healthcare is becoming increasingly technologized, knowledge-intensive, and specialized, which has consequences for communication between patients and... (Review)
Review
Modern healthcare is becoming increasingly technologized, knowledge-intensive, and specialized, which has consequences for communication between patients and practitioners in clinical encounters. Health information is increasingly accessible to patients through online resources. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of existing studies that address how patients communicate with practitioners about online health information and to identify the key topics raised in these studies. With the concept of eHealth literacy as its point of departure, this paper specifically highlights the eHealth literacy topic of how patients , and online health information before and during the encounter with the healthcare professionals. In the literature search, we focus on qualitative studies that consider patients' and/or practitioners' reflections on online health information. We searched PUBMED, SCOPUS and Web of Science to capture research from various fields. Sixteen studies were included that met the following criteria: Qualitative study, focus on patient-practitioner communication, eHealth literacy and online information. The results show that the vast majority of studies were based on qualitative interviews, addressing patients' and practitioners' perspectives. Key topics in studies addressing patient perspectives were: ; of online information with the practitioner; and with practitioners. Key topics raised in studies focusing on practitioners were: in the patient and the online health information he/she presented as well as who referred to online health information. The review highlights the need for further qualitative studies, preferably observational studies from authentic clinical communication situations, in order to capture how patients and practitioners communicate about online health information.
Topics: Female; Humans; Health Literacy; Communication; Qualitative Research; Telemedicine; Trust; Internet
PubMed: 36360881
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114004