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Current Rheumatology Reports Aug 2020In recent years, improvements in the recognition of primary vasculitides and increased treatment options have led to greater survival rates and a better quality of life... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
In recent years, improvements in the recognition of primary vasculitides and increased treatment options have led to greater survival rates and a better quality of life for patients. Therefore, pregnancy in women with vasculitis has become a more frequent consideration or event. Literature on pregnancy outcomes in this population has grown and allowed us, in this article, to review the effects of pregnancy on disease activity, as well as maternal and fetal outcomes for each type of vasculitides.
RECENT FINDINGS
Successful pregnancies in patients with vasculitides are possible, especially when conception is planned, and the disease is in remission. The risk of vasculitis flare is highly dependent on the type of vasculitis, but overall limited. The most frequent complication associated with large-vessel vasculitis (mainly Takayasu arteritis) is hypertension and preeclampsia. Preterm deliveries and intrauterine growth restriction occur more frequently with small- and medium-vessel vasculitis. Pregnancies in patients with vasculitis should be considered high risk and followed by a multidisciplinary team with expertise in the field. Flares should be managed as in the non-pregnant population, while avoiding medications with unknown safety in pregnancy or known teratogens. Although commonly prescribed for the prevention of preeclampsia, there is limited evidence supporting the use of low-dose aspirin for pregnant women with vasculitis. Prospective registries or studies are needed, to better assess the value of aspirin, the place and long-term impact of new biologics and, to identify predictors of pregnancy outcomes other than disease status at conception.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular; Pregnancy Outcome; Systemic Vasculitis; Vasculitis
PubMed: 32845412
DOI: 10.1007/s11926-020-00940-5 -
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia E... Jan 2018Pregnancy is needed for the perpetuation of the human species, and it leads to physiological adaptations of the various maternal organs and systems. The eye, although a... (Review)
Review
Pregnancy is needed for the perpetuation of the human species, and it leads to physiological adaptations of the various maternal organs and systems. The eye, although a closed space, also undergoes some modifications, most of which are relatively innocuous, but they may occasionally become pathological. For women, pregnancy is a susceptibility period; however, for many obstetricians, their knowledge of the ocular changes that occur during pregnancy tends to be limited. For this reason, this is a important area of study as is necessary the development of guidelines to approach those changes. Of equal importance are the knowledge of the possible therapies for ophthalmological problems in this period and the evaluation of the mode of delivery in particular conditions. For this article, an extensive review of the literature was performed, and a summary of the findings is presented.
Topics: Eye Diseases; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications
PubMed: 28783856
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1605366 -
Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of... Jun 2018The life expectancy and quality of life of women with genetic disorders continues to improve, resulting in more women reaching reproductive age and desiring fertility.... (Review)
Review
The life expectancy and quality of life of women with genetic disorders continues to improve, resulting in more women reaching reproductive age and desiring fertility. It is becoming increasingly important that obstetricians become familiar with common genetic disorders and their associated risks in pregnancy. The authors review pregnancy in women with various genetic disorders, including review of pregnancy outcomes, management recommendations, and genetic risk assessment. Most data on pregnancies in women with genetic conditions are based on case reports and literature reviews. Additional studies, including pregnancy registries, are needed to improve our understanding and care of this patient population.
Topics: Female; Genetic Counseling; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications
PubMed: 29747729
DOI: 10.1016/j.ogc.2018.01.010 -
Women's Health (London, England) Jul 2015Progression of retinopathy and nephropathy in women with diabetes occurs, at least temporarily, during pregnancy and postpartum. However, normotensive pregnancy seems to... (Review)
Review
Progression of retinopathy and nephropathy in women with diabetes occurs, at least temporarily, during pregnancy and postpartum. However, normotensive pregnancy seems to have no detrimental effects regarding the long-term progression of any microvascular complication. Increased risk from pregnancy induced hypertension without proteinuria and with proteinuria (pre-eclampsia) relates mainly to the association with kidney disease in diabetes, and poor glycemic control. A history of pre-eclampsia or pregnancy induced hypertension is an important prognostic factor for micro- and macro-vascular complications later in life. Data regarding the long-term effects of hypertensive pregnancies on late complications of diabetes suggest that women with diabetes should be monitored regularly and nephroprotective treatment initiated early.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Diabetic Nephropathies; Diabetic Retinopathy; Eye Diseases; Female; Health Status; Humans; Hypertension; Kidney Diseases; Mothers; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular; Pregnancy in Diabetics; Proteinuria; Women's Health
PubMed: 26258813
DOI: 10.2217/WHE.15.29 -
Seizure May 2015Better knowledge of risk factors for women with epilepsy giving birth. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Better knowledge of risk factors for women with epilepsy giving birth.
METHOD
Investigating all studies reporting complications in pregnancy and deliveries in women with epilepsy during the last 15 years.
RESULTS
Studies have observed that women with epilepsy have a higher risk of preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, bleeding in pregnancy, caesarean delivery (CD), excessive bleeding postpartum, preterm birth, and small for gestational age. It has been unclear whether the increased risk of complications is due to the epilepsy per se, the use of antiepileptic drugs (AED), or the combination of both factors. Recent studies strongly indicate an association between AED use, and complications in pregnancy and labour.
CONCLUSION
Newer drugs commonly used in treatment of epilepsy are associated with an increased risk of pregnancy complications, as well as complication during labour and delivery.
Topics: Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Risk Factors
PubMed: 25843764
DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2015.02.018 -
Molecular Medicine Reports Apr 2015Cell‑free fetal DNA (cff‑DNA) is a novel promising biomarker that has been applied in various aspects of obstetrical research, notably in prenatal diagnosis and... (Review)
Review
Cell‑free fetal DNA (cff‑DNA) is a novel promising biomarker that has been applied in various aspects of obstetrical research, notably in prenatal diagnosis and complicated pregnancies. It is easily detected by semi‑quantitative PCR for the SRY target gene. It is well recognized that the levels of circulating cff‑DNA play a role in various complications of pregnancy. In this review, we explore the implications of the detection of cff‑DNA in a range of pregnancy-related complications, such as preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preterm labor, placenta previa and hyperemesis gravidarum. cff‑DNA is released due to apoptotic mechanisms occurring on trophoblastic cells, although recent in vivo studies support the existence of additional mechanisms. The increase in the levels of cff‑DNA can be used to predict pregnancy-related complications and has great value in the field of prenatal diagnosis and in common pregnancy-related complications, as it precedes the clinical symptoms of the disease. Gestational age is a factor that determines the elevation in cff‑DNA levels in response to pathological conditions. In conclusion, the detection of cff‑DNA levels has a number of valuable applications in prenatal screening; however, the detection of cff‑DNA levels has not yet been applied in clinical practice for the diagnosis of pregnancy-related disorders. Thus, studies are focusing on unraveling the etiology of alterations in its levels under pathological conditions during pregnancy, in order to determine the potential predictive and diagnostic applications of this biomarker.
Topics: Biomarkers; DNA; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Fetus; Genetic Testing; Humans; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Prenatal Diagnosis
PubMed: 25530428
DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.3118 -
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Mar 2022Cats are common pets worldwide. Successful breeding of cats starts with the selection of suitable breeding animals, and care should be taken to avoid inbreeding. Keeping... (Review)
Review
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE
Cats are common pets worldwide. Successful breeding of cats starts with the selection of suitable breeding animals, and care should be taken to avoid inbreeding. Keeping cats in smaller groups reduces stress and facilitates management.
CLINICAL CHALLENGES
Breeding cats is challenging in many ways. Group housing is a common scenario, and care should be taken not to have groups that are too large, because of the risk of stress and infectious diseases. Feline pregnancy and parturition both vary in length, which is one reason why it may be challenging to diagnose dystocia. In queens with pyometra, a vaginal discharge may not be evident due to their meticulous cleaning habits.
AUDIENCE
This review is aimed at clinicians in small animal practice, especially those in contact with cat breeders.
PATIENT GROUP
Reproductive emergencies occur in both intentionally and unintentionally bred cats, and more often in young or middle-aged queens. Pyometra tends to be a disease of older queens.
EVIDENCE BASE
Evidence is poor for many conditions in the breeding queen, and information is extrapolated from the dog or based on case reports and case series.
Topics: Animals; Breeding; Cat Diseases; Cats; Communicable Diseases; Dystocia; Female; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pyometra; Reproduction
PubMed: 35209770
DOI: 10.1177/1098612X221079708 -
Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics &... Jan 2022Flood is one of the natural disasters with high prevalence in the world. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of flood on pregnancy outcome and... (Review)
Review
Flood is one of the natural disasters with high prevalence in the world. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of flood on pregnancy outcome and pregnancy complication such as preterm birth, LBW, SGA, stillbirth, spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia and eclampsia. This is a systematic review based on the PRISMA model that examines pregnancy disorder, pregnancy complication, and reproductive outcomes in floods. For fulfilling of the objectives of the research, related keywords were identified using Mesh and Emtree databases. Then the search was done in the electronic database of Medline, Web of Science, Embase, scopus until 2021.2.10. The search strategy in the Medline database. Database searches resulted in 823 non-duplicate records. After reading the abstracts, 808 articles were excluded. 15 abstracts were eligible for the study, which their full texts were provided. Finally based on inclusion and exclusion criteria 7 articles were included in this study. After flood, the rate of LBW birth and gestational hypertension increases. However, there is no significant difference in preterm birth rates. Pregnancy complications can be reduced or prevented by starting prenatal care early and also by controlling risk factors such as reducing smoking and alcohol consumption.
Topics: Female; Floods; Humans; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Premature Birth; Stillbirth
PubMed: 35181015
DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2021.11.005 -
Nutrients Aug 2019Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is the commonest medical pregnancy complication, and a growing problem around the world as the obesity epidemic continues. Ways to...
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is the commonest medical pregnancy complication, and a growing problem around the world as the obesity epidemic continues. Ways to prevent GDM are urgently required, the management of GDM still poses many unanswered questions, and the postpartum prevention of the progression of GDM to type 2 diabetes remains a challenge. With GDM, the impact of any intervention on the offspring is always a major concern. Nutritional interventions come to the fore as one of our few levers in reducing the short-term pregnancy risk and long-term cardiometabolic risks to both mother and child. This special issue reports on the relationship between several nutrients and foods and the development and management of GDM, behavioural strategies to enhance lifestyle choices, the issues raised by prior bariatric surgery and ways to screen for GDM. The work identifies further unanswered questions over nutritional strategies to reduce the impact of GDM.
Topics: Adult; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Diet; Female; Humans; Life Style; Nutritional Status; Obesity; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy
PubMed: 31426514
DOI: 10.3390/nu11081940 -
Lakartidningen Nov 2018
Topics: Female; Humans; Physical Therapy Modalities; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Prune Belly Syndrome; Rectus Abdominis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 30457664
DOI: No ID Found