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Cureus Jun 2022A 45-year-old male presented to the emergency department after being found unresponsive. Vitals, laboratory findings, and chest X-ray revealed concern for tension...
A 45-year-old male presented to the emergency department after being found unresponsive. Vitals, laboratory findings, and chest X-ray revealed concern for tension empyema. Thoracostomy was performed, and hemodynamics subsequently improved. Later, was cultured. This is the first known reported case of tension empyema.
PubMed: 35832761
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25853 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2020Peri-implantitis and periodontitis are both polymicrobial diseases induced by subgingival plaque accumulation, with some differing clinical features. Studies on the...
Peri-implantitis and periodontitis are both polymicrobial diseases induced by subgingival plaque accumulation, with some differing clinical features. Studies on the microbial and gene transcription activity of peri-implantitis microbiota are limited. This study aimed to verify the hypothesis that disease-specific microbial and gene transcription activity lead to disease-specific clinical features, using an integrated metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, and network analysis. Metagenomic data in peri-implantitis and periodontitis were obtained from the same 21 subjects and metatranscriptomic data from 12 subjects were obtained from a database. The microbial co-occurrence network based on metagenomic analysis had more diverse species taxa and correlations than the network based on the metatranscriptomic analysis. and had high activity and were core species taxa specific to peri-implantitis in the co-occurrence network. Moreover, the activity of plasmin receptor/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes was higher in peri-implantitis. These activity differences may increase complexity in the peri-implantitis microbiome and distinguish clinical symptoms of the two diseases. These findings should help in exploring a novel biomarker that assist in the diagnosis and preventive treatment design of peri-implantitis.
Topics: Firmicutes; Humans; Microbiota; Peri-Implantitis; Periodontitis; Prevotella
PubMed: 33425781
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.596490 -
Journal of Clinical Periodontology Nov 2014To determine microbial profiles that discriminate periodontal health from different forms of periodontal diseases. (Observational Study)
Observational Study
AIM
To determine microbial profiles that discriminate periodontal health from different forms of periodontal diseases.
METHODS
Subgingival biofilm was obtained from patients with periodontal health (27), gingivitis (11), chronic periodontitis (35) and aggressive periodontitis (24), and analysed for the presence of >250 species/phylotypes using HOMIM. Microbial differences among groups were examined by Mann-Whitney U-test. Regression analyses were performed to determine microbial risk indicators of disease.
RESULTS
Putative and potential new periodontal pathogens were more prevalent in subjects with periodontal diseases than periodontal health. Detection of Porphyromonas endodontalis/Porphyromonas spp. (OR 9.5 [1.2-73.1]) and Tannerella forsythia (OR 38.2 [3.2-450.6]), and absence of Neisseria polysaccharea (OR 0.004 [0-0.15]) and Prevotella denticola (OR 0.014 [0-0.49], p < 0.05) were risk indicators of periodontal disease. Presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (OR 29.4 [3.4-176.5]), Cardiobacterium hominis (OR 14.9 [2.3-98.7]), Peptostreptococcaceae sp. (OR 35.9 [2.7-483.9]), P. alactolyticus (OR 31.3 [2.1-477.2]), and absence of Fretibacterium spp. (OR 0.024 [0.002-0.357]), Fusobacterium naviforme/Fusobacterium nucleatum ss vincentii (OR 0.015 [0.001-0.223]), Granulicatella adiacens/Granulicatella elegans (OR 0.013 [0.001-0.233], p < 0.05) were associated with aggressive periodontitis.
CONCLUSION
There were specific microbial signatures of the subgingival biofilm that were able to distinguish between microbiomes of periodontal health and diseases. Such profiles may be used to establish risk of disease.
Topics: Adult; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Aggressive Periodontitis; Bacteria; Bacteroides; Biofilms; Cardiobacterium; Carnobacteriaceae; Chronic Periodontitis; Female; Fusobacterium; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Neisseria; Peptostreptococcus; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontium; Porphyromonas; Porphyromonas endodontalis; Prevotella; Young Adult
PubMed: 25139407
DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12302 -
International Journal of Cancer May 2019Oral microbiome may play an important role in cancer pathogenesis. However, no study has prospectively investigated the association of the oral microbiome with...
Oral microbiome may play an important role in cancer pathogenesis. However, no study has prospectively investigated the association of the oral microbiome with subsequent risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). We conducted a nested case-control study including 231 incident CRC cases and 462 controls within the Southern Community Cohort Study with 75% of the subjects being African-Americans. The controls were individually matched to cases based on age, ethnic group, smoking, season-of-study enrollment and recruitment method. Oral microbiota were assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in pre-diagnostic mouth rinse samples. Multiple bacterial taxa showed an association with CRC risk at p <0.05. Oral pathogens Treponema denticola and Prevotella intermedia were associated with an increased risk of CRC, with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of 1.76(1.19-2.60) and 1.55(1.08-2.22), respectively, for the individuals carrying these bacteria compared to non-carriers. In the phylum Actinobacteria, Bifidobacteriaceae was more abundant among CRC patients than among controls. In the phylum Bacteroidetes, Prevotella denticola and Prevotella sp. oral taxon 300 were associated with an increased CRC risk, while Prevotella melaninogenica was associated with a decreased risk of CRC. In the phylum Firmicutes, Carnobacteriaceae, Streptococcaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, Streptococcus, Solobacterium, Streptococcus sp. oral taxon 058 and Solobacterium moorei showed associations with a decreased risk of CRC. Most of these associations were observed among both African- and European-Americans. Most of the associations were not significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, which may be conservative. Our study suggests that the oral microbiome may play a significant role in CRC etiology.
Topics: Adult; Black or African American; Aged; Bacteria; Case-Control Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Mouth; Poverty; Prospective Studies; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Risk Factors
PubMed: 30365870
DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31941 -
Microorganisms Jul 2021Antimicrobial surface modifications are required to prevent biomaterial-associated biofilm infections, which are also a major concern for oral implants. The aim of this...
Antimicrobial surface modifications are required to prevent biomaterial-associated biofilm infections, which are also a major concern for oral implants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of three different coatings on the biofilm formed by human saliva. Biofilms grown from human saliva on three different bioactive poly(oxanorbornene)-based polymer coatings (the protein-repellent : poly(oxanorbornene)-based poly(sulfobetaine), the protein-repellent and antimicrobial : poly(carboxyzwitterion), and the mildly antimicrobial and protein-adhesive : synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides) were analyzed and compared with the microbial composition of saliva, biofilms grown on uncoated substrates, and biofilms grown in the presence of chlorhexidine digluconate. It was found that the polymer coatings significantly reduced the amount of adherent bacteria and strongly altered the microbial composition, as analyzed by 16S RNA sequencing. This may hold relevance for maintaining oral health and the outcome of oral implants due to the existing synergism between the host and the oral microbiome. Especially the reduction of some bacterial species that are associated with poor oral health such as and (observed for and ), and (observed for all coatings) may positively modulate the oral biofilm, including in situ.
PubMed: 34361863
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071427 -
Journal of Periodontology Oct 2017The microbiota colonizing dental implants has been said to be similar to the microbiome surrounding teeth. In the absence of inflammation, a biofilm with pathologic...
BACKGROUND
The microbiota colonizing dental implants has been said to be similar to the microbiome surrounding teeth. In the absence of inflammation, a biofilm with pathologic bacteria can cover implant surfaces exposed to the oral cavity, for example, due to a remodeling process. The aim of the present study is to identify microbiota surrounding exposed dental implants in patients with and without a history of periodontitis through a deep-sequencing approach.
METHODS
An experimental abutment with the same surface and structure as a commercially available dental implant was used. Bacterial DNA was isolated, and the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was amplified and sequenced. Multiplexed tag-encoded sequencing of DNA from the samples was performed, and the reads were processed by metagenomic rapid annotation.
RESULTS
A wide variety of bacteria, 96 species, were identified. The most frequently found bacteria were Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella denticola. Some species generally associated with periodontitis were found to a greater extent in patients without a history of periodontitis. Some bacteria that have never been described as part of the oral microbiome were identified in the present sample.
CONCLUSIONS
Analysis of data suggests that the bacteria surrounding exposed dental implants form a diverse microbiome regardless of the periodontal profile of patients. Further research is needed to clarify the role of these microorganisms in the oral environment.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacteria; Biofilms; DNA, Bacterial; Dental Abutments; Dental Implants; Female; Humans; Implants, Experimental; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Periodontitis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 28492362
DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.170051 -
Journal of Dental Sciences Dec 2019
PubMed: 31890133
DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2019.04.006 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2020To construct a saliva-based caries risk assessment model, saliva samples from 176 severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) children and 178 healthy (H) children were...
To construct a saliva-based caries risk assessment model, saliva samples from 176 severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) children and 178 healthy (H) children were screened by real-time PCR-based quantification of the selected species, including Streptococcus mutans, Prevotella pallens, Prevotella denticola and Lactobacillus fermentum. Host factors including caries status, dmft indices, age, gender, and geographic origin were assessed in their influence on abundance of the targeted species, which revealed host caries status as the dominant factor, followed by dmft indices (both P < 0.01). Moreover, levels of S. mutans and P. denticola in the S-ECC group were significantly higher than those in the healthy group (P < 0.001 for S. mutans and P < 0.01 for P. denticola). Interestingly, the co-occurrence network of these targeted species in the S-ECC group differed from that from the healthy group. Finally, based on the combined change pattern of S. mutans and P. pallens, we constructed an S-ECC diagnosis model with an accuracy of 72%. This saliva-based caries diagnosis model is of potential value for circumstances where sampling dental plague is difficult.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Female; Humans; Limosilactobacillus fermentum; Male; Microbiota; Prevotella; Saliva; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 32286402
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63222-1 -
Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases Jan 2020The causality and pathogenic mechanism of microbiome composition remain elusive in many diseases, including autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This...
OBJECTIVE
The causality and pathogenic mechanism of microbiome composition remain elusive in many diseases, including autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to elucidate gut microbiome's role in RA pathology by a comprehensive metagenome-wide association study (MWAS).
METHODS
We conducted MWAS of the RA gut microbiome in the Japanese population (=82, =42) by using whole-genome shotgun sequencing of high depth (average 13 Gb per sample). Our MWAS consisted of three major bioinformatic analytic pipelines (phylogenetic analysis, functional gene analysis and pathway analysis).
RESULTS
Phylogenetic case-control association tests showed high abundance of multiple species belonging to the genus (e.g., ) in the RA case metagenome. The non-linear machine learning method efficiently deconvoluted the case-control phylogenetic discrepancy. Gene functional assessments showed that the abundance of one redox reaction-related gene (R6FCZ7) was significantly decreased in the RA metagenome compared with controls. A variety of biological pathways including those related to metabolism (e.g., fatty acid biosynthesis and glycosaminoglycan degradation) were enriched in the case-control comparison. A population-specific link between the metagenome and host genome was identified by comparing biological pathway enrichment between the RA metagenome and the RA genome-wide association study results. No apparent discrepancy in alpha or beta diversities of metagenome was found between RA cases and controls.
CONCLUSION
Our shotgun sequencing-based MWAS highlights a novel link among the gut microbiome, host genome and pathology of RA, which contributes to our understanding of the microbiome's role in RA aetiology.
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Bacteroides; Case-Control Studies; Fatty Acids; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Japan; Male; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metagenome; Metagenomics; Middle Aged; Oxidation-Reduction; Phylogeny; Prevotella; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 31699813
DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215743 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2021Smoking is a risk factor for periodontal disease, and a cause of oral microbiome dysbiosis. While this has been evaluated for traditional cigarette smoking, there is...
Smoking is a risk factor for periodontal disease, and a cause of oral microbiome dysbiosis. While this has been evaluated for traditional cigarette smoking, there is limited research on the effect of other tobacco types on the oral microbiome. This study investigates subgingival microbiome composition in smokers of different tobacco types and their effect on periodontal health. Subgingival plaques were collected from 40 individuals, including smokers of either cigarettes, medwakh, or shisha, and non-smokers seeking dental treatment at the University Dental Hospital in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. The entire (~ 1500 bp) 16S rRNA bacterial gene was fully amplified and sequenced using Oxford Nanopore technology. Subjects were compared for the relative abundance and diversity of subgingival microbiota, considering smoking and periodontal condition. The relative abundances of several pathogens were significantly higher among smokers, such as Prevotella denticola and Treponema sp. OMZ 838 in medwakh smokers, Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella dispar in cigarette smokers, Streptococcus sanguinis and Tannerella forsythia in shisha smokers. Subgingival microbiome of smokers was altered even in subjects with no or mild periodontitis, probably making them more prone to severe periodontal diseases. Microbiome profiling can be a useful tool for periodontal risk assessment. Further studies are recommended to investigate the impact of tobacco cessation on periodontal disease progression and oral microbiome.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bacteria; Cigarette Smoking; Dental Plaque; Female; Gingiva; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Periodontitis; Periodontium; Pilot Projects; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Tobacco Smoking; United Arab Emirates; Young Adult
PubMed: 33441919
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80937-3