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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2022A mixed-valent trinuclear complex with 1,3-bis(5-chlorosalicylideneamino)-2-propanol (Hclsalpr) was synthesized, and the crystal structure was determined by the...
A mixed-valent trinuclear complex with 1,3-bis(5-chlorosalicylideneamino)-2-propanol (Hclsalpr) was synthesized, and the crystal structure was determined by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method at 90 K. The molecule is a trinuclear Co-Co-Co complex with octahedral geometries, having a tetradentate chelate of the Schiff-base ligand, bridging acetate, monodentate acetate coordination to each terminal Co ion and four bridging phenoxido-oxygen of two Schiff-base ligands, and two bridging acetate-oxygen atoms for the central Co ion. The electronic spectral feature is consistent with the mixed valent Co-Co-Co. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility data could be analyzed by consideration of the axial distortion of the central Co ion with the parameters Δ = -254 cm, = -58 cm, = 0.93, = 0.00436 cm mol, = -0.469 K, = 6.90, and = 2.64, in accordance with a large anisotropy. The cyclic voltammogram showed an irreversible reduction wave at approximately -1.2 V·vs. Fc/Fc, assignable to the reduction of the terminal Co ions.
Topics: 2-Propanol; Acetates; Crystallography, X-Ray; Ligands; Oxygen; Schiff Bases
PubMed: 35807456
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134211 -
ChemistryOpen Oct 2022The generation of the quaternary stereocenter at the C9 position of salvinorin A precursors by the Claisen rearrangement was investigated. The required allyl alcohol was...
The generation of the quaternary stereocenter at the C9 position of salvinorin A precursors by the Claisen rearrangement was investigated. The required allyl alcohol was prepared from a Wieland-Miescher ketone using a known γ-hydroxylation, reduction of the enone double bond, cyanohydrin formation, and elimination, yielding an unsaturated nitrile. A two-step reduction led to the required allyl alcohol. The subsequent Johnson-Claisen rearrangement provided a mixture of two diastereomeric 1,4-unsaturated esters in a ratio of around 2.6 : 1. The major isomer could be converted to a key intermediate of the Hagiwara synthesis of salvinorin A.
Topics: Diterpenes, Clerodane; Esters; Ketones; Nitriles; Propanols; Stereoisomerism
PubMed: 35218166
DOI: 10.1002/open.202200015 -
Annals of Family Medicine Jan 2018Terra-firma-forme dermatosis (TFFD) is a little known hyperpigmented skin disease that is more common than expected. We examined retrospectively the medical records of...
Terra-firma-forme dermatosis (TFFD) is a little known hyperpigmented skin disease that is more common than expected. We examined retrospectively the medical records of 79 patients: 88.6% were children, the mean age was 10.4 years (SD = 7.5 years), and 64.6% were female. The dermatoses were found on the trunk in 27.8%, extremities in 26.6%, fold zones in 8.9%, and head in 2.5% of the patients. The lesions appeared in more than 1 location in 34.2% of the patients and were symmetrically located 77.2% of the time. Swabbing with alcohol is sufficient for diagnosis and treatment. TFFD, mostly seen in children and female patients, should be kept in mind to avoid unnecessary diagnostic testing and treatment.
Topics: 2-Propanol; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Hyperpigmentation; Infant; Male; Medical Records; Retrospective Studies; Skin; Skin Diseases; Turkey; Young Adult
PubMed: 29311175
DOI: 10.1370/afm.2175 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2020Biological systems usually respond differently to enantiomers of a chiral molecule due to the inherent chirality of the active receptor sites of enzymes in nature [...].
Biological systems usually respond differently to enantiomers of a chiral molecule due to the inherent chirality of the active receptor sites of enzymes in nature [...].
Topics: Azepines; Benzyl Alcohols; Butyrates; Catalysis; Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; Epoxy Compounds; Humans; Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; Propanols; Ruthenium Compounds; Schiff Bases; Stereoisomerism
PubMed: 32168826
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061266 -
Annals of Work Exposures and Health Oct 2022Although containment testing of fume cupboards (FC) according to the standards EN 14175-3 (2019) or ANSI/ASHRAE 110 (2016) is well established for type testing, its...
Although containment testing of fume cupboards (FC) according to the standards EN 14175-3 (2019) or ANSI/ASHRAE 110 (2016) is well established for type testing, its application is currently much less accepted and practised for evaluating containment on-site. Few of the several million FC in the market have been tested at installation and commissioning, and even less undergo verification of containment during their service life in the laboratories. Several reasons have led to this unsafe situation. To address this challenge, a new concept has been developed to allow for rapid on-site testing of FC to gain knowledge as to the functional efficiency as well as to safety aspects for the operator. The concept consists of a movable robot-aided test equipment that can be installed quickly to the FC in running labs. Multiple sensors detect the tracer gas isopropanol. Within a test run of only 10-min data is collected to quantify containment at the sash opening and to determine purge efficiency. The method reveals impact from interfering effects such as draughts, air distribution, and movements and from equipment installed, and is a tool for the optimization of operating conditions of a lab. This article presents an advanced alternative to the existing containment tests, particularly for on-site testing. The method assesses not only proper operation of the FC in its environment, but also the suitability of a FC for a given use under aspects of health and safety evaluation.
Topics: 2-Propanol; Air Movements; Equipment Design; Gases; Humans; Occupational Exposure; Robotics; Ventilation
PubMed: 35716067
DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxac043 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Mar 2016
Topics: 2-Propanol; Administration, Cutaneous; Arm; Child; Female; Humans; Hyperpigmentation; Skin
PubMed: 26416987
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.150075 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2019Phenolic compounds are an important class of plant secondary metabolites which play crucial physiological roles throughout the plant life cycle. Phenolics are produced... (Review)
Review
Phenolic compounds are an important class of plant secondary metabolites which play crucial physiological roles throughout the plant life cycle. Phenolics are produced under optimal and suboptimal conditions in plants and play key roles in developmental processes like cell division, hormonal regulation, photosynthetic activity, nutrient mineralization, and reproduction. Plants exhibit increased synthesis of polyphenols such as phenolic acids and flavonoids under abiotic stress conditions, which help the plant to cope with environmental constraints. Phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway is activated under abiotic stress conditions (drought, heavy metal, salinity, high/low temperature, and ultraviolet radiations) resulting in accumulation of various phenolic compounds which, among other roles, have the potential to scavenge harmful reactive oxygen species. Deepening the research focuses on the phenolic responses to abiotic stress is of great interest for the scientific community. In the present article, we discuss the biochemical and molecular mechanisms related to the activation of phenylpropanoid metabolism and we describe phenolic-mediated stress tolerance in plants. An attempt has been made to provide updated and brand-new information about the response of phenolics under a challenging environment.
Topics: Biosynthetic Pathways; Plants; Polyphenols; Propanols; Salinity; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 31277395
DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132452 -
Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection... Feb 2023Recent studies put under scrutiny the prevailing hand hygiene guidelines, which incorporate quantitative parameters regarding handrub volume and hand size. Understanding...
BACKGROUND
Recent studies put under scrutiny the prevailing hand hygiene guidelines, which incorporate quantitative parameters regarding handrub volume and hand size. Understanding the criticality of complete (i.e., efficient) hand hygiene in healthcare, objectivization of hand hygiene related parameters are paramount, including the formulation of the ABHR. Complete coverage can be achieved with optimal Alcohol-Based Hand Rub (ABHR) provided. The literature is limited regarding ABHR formulation variances to antimicrobial efficiency and healthcare workers' preference, while public data on clinically relevant typical application differences is not available. This study was designed and performed to compare gel and liquid format ABHRs (the two most popular types in Europe) by measuring several parameters, including application time, spillage and coverage.
METHODOLOGY
Senior medical students were invited, and randomly assigned to receive pre-determined ABHR volumes (1.5 or 3 ml). All the 340 participants were given equal amounts of gel and liquid on two separate hand hygiene occasions, which occurred two weeks apart. During the hand hygiene events, by employing a digital, fully automated system paired with fluorescent-traced ABHRs, disinfectant hand coverage was objectively investigated. Furthermore, hand coverage in relation to the participants' hand sizes was also calculated. Additional data collection was performed regarding volume differences and their effect on application time, participants' volume awareness (consciousness) and disinfectant spillage during the hand hygiene events.
RESULTS
The 1.5 ml ABHR volume (commonly applied in healthcare settings) is insufficient in either formulation, as the non-covered areas exceeded significant (5%+) of the total hand surface area. 3 ml, on the contrary, resulted in almost complete coverage (uncovered areas remained below 1.5%). Participants typically underestimated the volume which they needed to apply. While the liquid ABHR spreads better in the lower, 1.5 ml volume compared to the gel, the latter was easier handled at larger volume. Drying times were 30/32 s (gel and liquid formats, respectively) when 1.5 ml handrub was applied, and 40/42 s when 3 ml was used. As the evaporation rates of the ABHR used in the study are similar to those available on the market, one can presume that the results presented in the study apply for most WHO conform ABHRs.
CONCLUSION
The results show that applying 1.5 ml volume was insufficient, as large part of the hand surface remained uncovered (7.0 ± 0.7% and 5.8 ± 1.0% of the hand surface in the case of gel and liquid, respectively) When 3 ml handrub was applied drying times were 40 and 42 s (gel and liquid, respectively), which is a very long time in daily clinical practice. It looks like we cannot find a volume that fits for everyone. Personalized, hand size based ABHR volumes may be the solution to find an optimal balance between maximize coverage and minimise spillage and drying time. 3 ml can be a good volume for those who have medium size hands. Large handed people should use more handrub to reach appropriate coverage, while small-handed ones may apply less to avoid massive spillage and not to take unrealistically long to dry.
Topics: Humans; Hand Hygiene; Hand Disinfection; Ethanol; Anti-Infective Agents; Disinfectants; 2-Propanol
PubMed: 36782305
DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01212-4 -
European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology,... Feb 2015Due to their vasoconstrictive action on the nasal mucosa, ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are highly efficient amines for relief of nasal congestion. As with any... (Review)
Review
Due to their vasoconstrictive action on the nasal mucosa, ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are highly efficient amines for relief of nasal congestion. As with any vasoconstrictor and as underscored by the French Society of Otorhinolaryngology in its 2011 guideline, these molecules should not be used in patients under the age of 15. Furthermore, due to unpredictable severe cardiovascular and neurological adverse events that may occur even at low dose and in the absence of any pre-existing pathology, they should not be prescribed for the common cold, and ENT physicians must carefully weigh the risk/benefit ratio in patients with allergic rhinitis. Distribution should be regulated and over-the-counter sales banned.
Topics: Ephedrine; Humans; Nasal Decongestants; Pseudoephedrine; Vasoconstrictor Agents
PubMed: 25532441
DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2014.11.001 -
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters Jun 2020Novel nucleoside analogues named "triazoxins" were synthesized. Of these, two analogues were found to be highly effective against Giardia lamblia, an intestinal parasite...
Novel nucleoside analogues named "triazoxins" were synthesized. Of these, two analogues were found to be highly effective against Giardia lamblia, an intestinal parasite and a major cause of waterborne infection, worldwide. While compound 7 reduced the growth of trophozoites in culture (IC, ~5 μM), compound 21 blocked the in vitro cyst production (IC ~5 μM). Compound 21 was also effective against trophozoites (IC, ~36 μM). A third analogue (compound 8) was effective against both trophozoites (IC, ~36 μM) and cysts (IC, ~20 μM) although at higher concentration. Thus triazoxin analogues are unique and exhibit morphology (i.e., trohozoites or cysts) -specific effects against Giardia.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Catalysis; Drug Design; Giardia lamblia; Giardiasis; Humans; Imidazoles; Molecular Structure; Nucleosides; Propanols; Structure-Activity Relationship; Trophozoites; Uridine
PubMed: 32327222
DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127175