-
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2023Ionic liquids (ILs) have presented excellent behaviors in the separation of azeotropes in extractive distillation. However, the intrinsic molecular nature of ILs in the...
Ionic liquids (ILs) have presented excellent behaviors in the separation of azeotropes in extractive distillation. However, the intrinsic molecular nature of ILs in the separation of azeotropic systems is not clear. In this paper, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and theoretical calculations were applied to screen the microstructures of ethyl propionate-n-propanol-1-ethyl-3-methylimidzolium acetate ([EMIM][OAC]) systems before and after azeotropy breaking. A detailed vibrational analysis was carried out on the (C=O) region of ethyl propionate and (O-D) region of n-propanol-. Different species, including multiple sizes of propanol and ethyl propionate self-aggregators, ethyl propionate-n-propanol interaction complexes, and different IL-n-propanol interaction complexes, were identified using excess spectroscopy and confirmed with theoretical calculations. Their changes in relative amounts were also observed. The hydrogen bond between n-propanol and ethyl propionate/[EMIM][OAC] was detected, and the interaction properties were also revealed. Overall, the intrinsic molecular nature of the azeotropy breaking was clear. First, the interactions between [EMIM][OAC] and n-propanol were stronger than those between [EMIM][OAC] and ethyl propionate, which influenced the relative volatilities of the two components in the system. Second, the interactions between n-propanol and [EMIM][OAC] were stronger than those between n-propanol and ethyl propionate. Hence, adding [EMIM][OAC] could break apart the ethyl propionate-n-propanol complex (causing the azeotropy in the studied system). When ([EMIM][OAC]) was lower than 0.04, the azeotropy still existed mainly because the low IL could not destroy the whole ethyl propionate-n-propanol interaction complex. At (IL) > 0.04, the whole ethyl propionate-n-propanol complex was destroyed, and the azeotropy disappeared.
Topics: Ionic Liquids; 1-Propanol; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Propanols
PubMed: 37445775
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310597 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2023Disinfection of a 3D-printed surgical guide is of utmost importance as it comes into contact with hard and soft tissue during implant placement so it poses a potential...
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE
Disinfection of a 3D-printed surgical guide is of utmost importance as it comes into contact with hard and soft tissue during implant placement so it poses a potential risk of pathogenic transmission. Methods used for disinfection in the surgical field should be reliable, practical, and safe for the instruments and the patients. The objectives of this study were to compare the antimicrobial potential of 100% Virgin Coconut Oil, 2% Glutaraldehyde, and 70% Ethyl Alcohol used to decontaminate 3D-printed surgical guides.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty identical surgical guides were printed and cut into two halves (N = 60). Both halves were then contaminated with a defined amount of human saliva samples (2 ml). The first half (n = 30) was sub-grouped into three study groups which were immersed in one of the three disinfectants for 20 min as follows; group VCO was immersed in 100% Virgin Coconut Oil, group GA was immersed in 2% Glutaraldehyde, and group EA was immersed in 70% Ethyl Alcohol. The second half (n* = 30) was sub-grouped into three control groups which were immersed in sterile distilled water as follows group VCO*, group GA*, and group EA*. The microbial count was expressed as colony-forming units per plate and the comparison of the antimicrobial potential of the three tested disinfectants between the three study and three control groups was done using the One-Way ANOVA test.
RESULTS
The culture results of three study groups revealed no bacterial growth with the highest % of reduction in the mean microbial count of the oral microorganisms (about100%) and an uncountable bacterial growth was shown between the three control groups (more than 100 CFU/plate) representing the baseline of the oral microorganisms. Therefore; statistically significant differences were found between the three control and three study groups (P < .001).
CONCLUSION
The antimicrobial potential of Virgin Coconut Oil was comparable and equivalent to Glutaraldehyde and Ethyl Alcohol with a significant inhibitory action against oral pathogens.
Topics: Humans; Disinfection; Coconut Oil; Glutaral; Anti-Infective Agents; Ethanol; 2-Propanol; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Disinfectants
PubMed: 37301954
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03092-x -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022The ability to predict the behaviour of high-pressure mixtures of carbon dioxide and alcohol is important for industrial purposes. The equilibrium composition of three...
The ability to predict the behaviour of high-pressure mixtures of carbon dioxide and alcohol is important for industrial purposes. The equilibrium composition of three binary carbon dioxide-alcohol systems was measured at temperatures of 313.15 K and 333.15 K and at pressures of up to 100 bar for carbon dioxide-2-propanol, up to 160 bar for carbon dioxide-1-butanol and up to 150 bar for carbon dioxide-2-butanol. Different equilibrium compositions of carbon dioxide in alcohols were observed despite their similar molecular weight ( = 60.100 g mol, = 74.121 g mol and = 74.122 g mol) and place in the functional hydroxyl group (first or second carbon molecule). It is assumed that the differences in the phase equilibria are due to different vapor pressures, polarities and solute-solute interactions.
Topics: 2-Propanol; 1-Butanol; Carbon Dioxide; Ethanol
PubMed: 36500443
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238352 -
BioTechniques Sep 2021We present a modified alkaline lysis method for purification of plasmid DNA (pDNA) from bacterial extract using fractional precipitation with isopropanol (FPI). This...
We present a modified alkaline lysis method for purification of plasmid DNA (pDNA) from bacterial extract using fractional precipitation with isopropanol (FPI). This method includes two successive precipitations with 0.33 and 0.36 volumes of isopropanol and separates pDNA from total RNA and most of the lipopolysaccharides. Using different quality control tests, we demonstrate that plasmids purified with FPI show superior quality compared to plasmids prepared with commercial kits based on spin-column chromatography.
Topics: 2-Propanol; DNA, Bacterial; Fractional Precipitation; Plasmids; Ribonucleases
PubMed: 34392702
DOI: 10.2144/btn-2021-0018 -
Volatile organic compounds emitted by conventional and "green" cleaning products in the U.S. market.Chemosphere Nov 2023Exposure to cleaning products has been associated with harm to the respiratory system, neurotoxicity, harm to the reproductive system, and elevated risk of cancer, with...
Exposure to cleaning products has been associated with harm to the respiratory system, neurotoxicity, harm to the reproductive system, and elevated risk of cancer, with greatest adverse impacts for workers exposed in an occupational setting. Social and consumer interest in cleaning products that are safer for health created a market category of "green" products defined here as products advertised as healthier, non-toxic, or free from harmful chemicals as well as products with a third-party certification for safety or environmental features. In the present study we examined the air quality impacts of cleaning products and air fresheners, measuring the number, concentrations, and emission factors of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in an air chamber following product application. Across seven common product categories, 30 products were tested overall including 14 conventional, 9 identified as "green" with fragrance, and 7 identified as "green" and fragrance-free. A total of 530 unique VOCs were quantified with 205 additional VOCs detected below the limits of quantification. Of the quantifiable VOCs, 193 were considered hazardous according to either the California's Department of Toxic Substances Control Candidate Chemicals List or the European Chemical Agency's Classification and Labeling Inventory. The total concentration of VOCs and total emission factors across all products with detections ranged from below limits of detection to 18,708 μg/m, 38,035 μg/g product and 3803 μg/application. Greater total concentration, total emission factors, and numbers of VOCs were generally observed in conventional cleaning products compared to products identified as "green", particularly compared to fragrance-free products. A hazard index approach was utilized to assess relative risk from measured VOC emissions. The five products with the highest hazard indices were conventional products with emissions of 2-butoxyethanol, isopropanol, toluene and chloroform. Overall, this analysis suggests that the use of "green" cleaning products, especially fragrance-free products, may reduce exposure to VOC emissions.
Topics: Humans; Volatile Organic Compounds; 2-Propanol; Certification; Chloroform; Genitalia; Perfume
PubMed: 37709066
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139570 -
Vascular Pharmacology Oct 2022The mechanisms underlying the success of propranolol in the treatment of infantile hemangioma (IH) remain elusive and do not fully explain the rapid regression of...
UNLABELLED
The mechanisms underlying the success of propranolol in the treatment of infantile hemangioma (IH) remain elusive and do not fully explain the rapid regression of hemangiomatous lesions following drug administration. As autophagy is critically implicated in vascular homeostasis, we determined whether β-blockers trigger the autophagic flux on infantile hemangioma-derived endothelial cells (Hem-ECs) in vitro.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Fresh tissue specimens, surgically removed for therapeutic purpose to seven children affected by proliferative IH, were subjected to enzymatic digestion. Cells were sorted with anti-human CD31 immunolabeled magnetic microbeads. Following phenotypic characterization, expanded Hem-ECs, at P2 to P6, were exposed to different concentrations (50 μM to 150 μM) of propranolol, atenolol or metoprolol alone and in combination with the autophagy inhibitor Bafilomycin A1. Rapamycin, a potent inducer of autophagy, was also used as control. Autophagy was assessed by Lysotracker Red staining, western blot analysis of LC3BII/LC3BI and p62, and morphologically by transmission electron microscopy.
RESULTS
Hem-ECs treated with either propranolol, atenolol or metoprolol displayed positive LysoTracker Red staining. Increased LC3BII/LC3BI ratio, as well as p62 modulation, were documented in β-blockers treated Hem-ECs. Abundant autophagic vacuoles and multilamellar bodies characterized the cytoplasmic ultrastructural features of autophagy in cultured Hem-ECs exposed in vitro to β-blocking agents. Importantly, similar biochemical and morphologic evidence of autophagy were observed following rapamycin while Bafilomycin A1 significantly prevented the autophagic flux promoted by β-blockers in Hem-ECs.
CONCLUSION
Our data suggest that autophagy may be ascribed among the mechanisms of action of β-blockers suggesting new mechanistic insights on the potential therapeutic application of this class of drugs in pathologic conditions involving uncontrolled angiogenesis.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Amines; Atenolol; Autophagy; Cell Proliferation; Child; Endothelial Cells; Hemangioma; Humans; Macrolides; Metoprolol; Propranolol; Sirolimus
PubMed: 36103993
DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.107110 -
Journal of Dairy Science Jun 2022It is estimated that enteric methane (CH) contributes about 70% of all livestock greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Several studies indicated that feed additives such as...
Impact of nitrate and 3-nitrooxypropanol on the carbon footprints of milk from cattle produced in confined-feeding systems across regions in the United States: A life cycle analysis.
It is estimated that enteric methane (CH) contributes about 70% of all livestock greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Several studies indicated that feed additives such as 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) and nitrate have great potential to reduce enteric emissions. The objective of this study was to determine the net effects of 3-NOP and nitrate on farmgate milk carbon footprint across various regions of the United States and to determine the variability of carbon footprint. A cradle-to-farmgate life cycle assessment was performed to determine regional and national carbon footprint to produce 1 kg of fat- and protein-corrected milk (FPCM). Records from 1,355 farms across 37 states included information on herd structure, milk production and composition, cattle diets, manure management, and farm energy. Enteric CH, manure CH, and nitrous oxide were calculated with either the widely used Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Tier 2 or region-specific equations available in the literature. Emissions were allocated between milk and meat using a biophysical allocation method. Impacts of nitrate and 3-NOP on baseline regional and national carbon footprint were accounted for using equations adjusted for dry matter intake and neutral detergent fiber. Uncertainty analysis of carbon footprint was performed using Monte Carlo simulations to capture variability due to inputs data. Overall, the milk carbon footprint for the baseline, nitrate, and 3-NOP scenarios were 1.14, 1.09 (4.8% reduction), and 1.01 (12% reduction) kg of CO-equivalents (CO-eq)/kg of FPCM across US regions. The greatest carbon footprint for the baseline scenario was in the Southeast (1.26 kg of CO-eq/kg of FPCM) and lowest for the West region (1.02 kg of CO-eq/kg of FPCM). Enteric CH reductions were 12.4 and 31.0% for the nitrate and 3-NOP scenarios, respectively. The uncertainty analysis showed that carbon footprint values ranged widely (0.88-1.52 and 0.56-1.84 kg of CO-eq/kg of FPCM within 1 and 2 standard deviations, respectively), suggesting the importance of site-specific estimates of carbon footprint. Considering that 101 billion kilograms of milk was produced by the US dairy industry in 2020, the potential net reductions of GHG from the baseline 117 billion kilograms of CO-eq were 5.6 and 13.9 billion kilograms of CO-eq for the nitrate and 3-NOP scenarios, respectively.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Footprint; Cattle; Dairying; Greenhouse Gases; Life Cycle Stages; Manure; Methane; Milk; Nitrates; Propanols; United States
PubMed: 35346477
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20988 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2021The paper presents the results obtained in studying glycerol hydrogenolysis into 1-propanol and 2-propanol over bifunctional Ni/WO-TiO and Ni/WO-ZrO catalysts in the...
The paper presents the results obtained in studying glycerol hydrogenolysis into 1-propanol and 2-propanol over bifunctional Ni/WO-TiO and Ni/WO-ZrO catalysts in the flow system. Due to the optimal combination of acidic and hydrogenation properties of the heterogeneous catalysts, they exhibit higher performance in glycerol conversion into C alcohols, although the process is carried out in rather mild conditions. At the reaction temperature of 250 °C and hydrogen pressure of 3 MPa, the total yield of 1-propanol and 2-propanol reaches 95%, and the glycerol conversion is close to 100%.
PubMed: 33809129
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061565 -
Journal of Animal Science Sep 2022Feeding 100% forage rape to sheep consistently lowers methane emissions per unit of intake (CH4/DMI) compared to those fed 100% ryegrass pasture. However, forage rape is...
Substituting ryegrass-based pasture with graded levels of forage rape in the diet of lambs decreases methane emissions and increases propionate, succinate, and primary alcohols in the rumen.
Feeding 100% forage rape to sheep consistently lowers methane emissions per unit of intake (CH4/DMI) compared to those fed 100% ryegrass pasture. However, forage rape is usually supplemented with other feeds, which might impact the mitigation potential provided by forage rape. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of substituting ryegrass with graded levels of forage rape in the diet of lambs on methane emissions and rumen fermentation characteristics. Seventy wether lambs (n = 14/treatment) were fed a ryegrass-based pasture substituted with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of forage rape (Brassica napus; FR0, FR25, FR50, FR75, and FR100, respectively) on a dry matter basis. Methane emissions and dry matter intake were measured for 48 h in respiration chambers and a rumen fluid sample was collected. CH4/DMI decreased (P < 0.01) with increasing forage rape inclusion in the diet so that sheep fed FR100 and FR75 emitted 34% and 11% less, respectively, than those fed FR0. CH4/DMI differences for lambs fed FR25 and FR50 were much smaller (<6%) relative to FR0. The pH of rumen fluid decreased (P < 0.01) at higher levels of forage rape inclusion in the diet (FR75 and FR100) compared to low levels of inclusion (FR0, F25, and F50). The proportion of ruminal acetate was least in FR100 (30%) followed by FR75 (10%), FR50 (8%), and FR25 (4%) compared with FR0 (P < 0.001). The proportion of propionate plus succinate was greater for FR100 (+40%), FR75 (+28%), and FR50 (+29%) compared with FR0, with FR25 intermediate (P < 0.001). The methanol concentration, and ethanol and propanol proportions in rumen fluid were greater for FR100 compared with any other treatment (P < 0.001). In conclusion, CH4/DMI decreased at high levels of forage rape inclusion in the diet and especially feeding FR100 was associated with a pronounced shift in rumen fermentation profile, with a significant presence of succinate, ethanol, propanol, methanol, valerate, and caproate.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Brassica napus; Brassica rapa; Caproates; Diet; Digestion; Ethanol; Female; Fermentation; Lactation; Lolium; Male; Methane; Methanol; Propanols; Propionates; Rumen; Sheep; Succinic Acid; Valerates
PubMed: 35723288
DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac223 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Sep 2022In this study, the complex volatilome of maize silage samples conserved for 229 d, inoculated with () and (), is explored by means of advanced fingerprinting...
In this study, the complex volatilome of maize silage samples conserved for 229 d, inoculated with () and (), is explored by means of advanced fingerprinting methodologies based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The combined untargeted and targeted (UT) fingerprinting strategy covers 452 features, 269 of which were putatively identified and assigned within their characteristic classes. The high amounts of short-chain free fatty acids and alcohols were produced by fermentation and led to a large number of esters. The impact of fermentation was not clearly distinguishable from the control samples; however, had a strong and distinctive signature that was dominated by propionic acid and 1-propanol characteristic volatiles. The approach provides a better understanding of silage stabilization mechanisms against the degradative action of yeasts and molds during the exposure of silage to air.
Topics: 1-Propanol; Aerobiosis; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Lactobacillus; Lacticaseibacillus paracasei; Propionates; Silage; Zea mays
PubMed: 36103255
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03652