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MSphere Jan 2020Porphyrins are intermediate metabolites in the biosynthesis of vital molecules, including heme, cobalamin, and chlorophyll. Bacterial porphyrins are known to be... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Porphyrins are intermediate metabolites in the biosynthesis of vital molecules, including heme, cobalamin, and chlorophyll. Bacterial porphyrins are known to be proinflammatory, with high levels linked to inflammatory skin diseases. species are dominant skin commensals and play essential roles in defending against pathogens and in triggering an inflammatory response. To better understand how the inflammatory potential of the skin microbiome may vary depending on its propionibacterial composition, we compared the production levels of porphyrins among , , , and strains. We found that porphyrin production varied among these species, with type I strains producing significantly larger amounts of porphyrins than type II and III strains and other species. strains that are highly associated with the common skin condition acne vulgaris responded to vitamin B supplementation with significantly higher porphyrin production. In contrast, vitamin B supplementation had no effect on the porphyrin production of health-associated strains and other propionibacteria. We observed low-level porphyrin production in most strains harboring the repressor gene, with the exception of strains belonging to type I clades IB-3 and IC. Our findings shed light on the proinflammatory potential of distinct phylogenetic lineages of as well as other resident skin propionibacteria. We demonstrate that the overall species and strain composition is important in determining the metabolic output of the skin microbiome in health and disease. Porphyrins are a group of metabolites essential to the biosynthesis of heme, cobalamin, and chlorophyll in living organisms. Bacterial porphyrins can be proinflammatory, with high levels linked to human inflammatory diseases, including the common skin condition acne vulgaris. Propionibacteria are among the most abundant skin bacteria. Variations in propionibacteria composition on the skin may lead to different porphyrin levels and inflammatory potentials. This study characterized porphyrin production in all lineages of , the most dominant skin , and other resident skin propionibacteria, including , , and We revealed that type I strains produced significantly more porphyrins than did type II and III strains and other species. The findings from this study shed light on the proinflammatory potential of the skin microbiome and can be used to guide the development of effective acne treatments by modulating the skin microbiome and its metabolic activities.
Topics: Humans; Microbiota; Phylogeny; Porphyrins; Propionibacteriaceae; Propionibacterium; Propionibacterium acnes; Skin
PubMed: 31941813
DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00793-19 -
Food Science and Biotechnology Mar 2022Bacteria from the genus were cocktailed to investigate growth and production of propionic acid at different temperatures and pH levels. A gas chromatograph with a flame...
Bacteria from the genus were cocktailed to investigate growth and production of propionic acid at different temperatures and pH levels. A gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector was also used for instrumental analysis. The cocktails did not produce propionic acid at 10 and 20 °C for 10 days, but produced propionic acid at concentrations of 3265.32, 3670.76, and 1926.04 μg/mL at 25, 30, and 40 °C for 18 days, respectively. In pH tests, the cocktails did not produce propionic acid at pH 3 and 9 for 14 and 7 days, respectively. However, they produced propionic acid at concentrations of 2596.66, 2952.66, 3321.35, and 3586.95 μg/mL at pH 4, 5, 6, and 7 for 18 days, respectively. Growth characteristics of cocktails by temperature and pH were set so that they reached the extinction stage after four days in the logarithmic phase.
PubMed: 35273826
DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01038-7 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2017Acne, the most common skin disease, is a disorder of pilosebaceous units that affects adolescents mainly and adults occasionally. The pathogenesis is multifactorial.... (Review)
Review
Acne, the most common skin disease, is a disorder of pilosebaceous units that affects adolescents mainly and adults occasionally. The pathogenesis is multifactorial. Besides genetic predisposition, other major factors include the action of androgens, pro-inflammatory lipids acting as ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the sebocytes, toll-like receptor-2 acting on keratinocytes, recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, cytokines, chemokines, inflammasomes, neuroendocrine regulatory mechanisms, diet and other pro-inflammatory targets implicated in the activation of immune detection and response. Most of these factors converge on mammalian target of rapamycin complex1 (mTORC1) activation which is further enhanced by the nutrient signaling of Western diet. This multitude of pathogenic factors has led to a new armamentarium of drugs for the treatment of acne. Topical anti-androgens, insulin-like growth factor-1 inhibitors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-modulators, acetylcholine inhibitors, topical retinoic acid metabolism-blocking agents, vitamin D analogues, antimicrobial peptides, interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β blockers and immunotherapy are some of the novel treatment options.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Administration, Topical; Dermatologic Agents; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; Propionibacterium acnes; Sebaceous Glands; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28195079
DOI: 10.4103/0378-6323.199581 -
Nature Communications Dec 2023Acne is a dermatologic disease with a strong pathologic association with human commensal Cutibacterium acnes. Conspicuously, certain C. acnes phylotypes are associated...
Acne is a dermatologic disease with a strong pathologic association with human commensal Cutibacterium acnes. Conspicuously, certain C. acnes phylotypes are associated with acne, whereas others are associated with healthy skin. Here we investigate if the evolution of a C. acnes enzyme contributes to health or acne. Two hyaluronidase variants exclusively expressed by C. acnes strains, HylA and HylB, demonstrate remarkable clinical correlation with acne or health. We show that HylA is strongly pro-inflammatory, and HylB is modestly anti-inflammatory in a murine (female) acne model. Structural and phylogenic studies suggest that the enzymes evolved from a common hyaluronidase that acquired distinct enzymatic activity. Health-associated HylB degrades hyaluronic acid (HA) exclusively to HA disaccharides leading to reduced inflammation, whereas HylA generates large-sized HA fragments that drive robust TLR2-dependent pathology. Replacing an amino acid, Serine to Glycine near the HylA catalytic site enhances the enzymatic activity of HylA and produces an HA degradation pattern intermediate to HylA and HylB. Selective targeting of HylA using peptide vaccine or inhibitors alleviates acne pathology. We suggest that the functional divergence of HylA and HylB is a major driving force behind C. acnes health- and acne- phenotype and propose targeting of HylA as an approach for acne therapy.
Topics: Humans; Female; Animals; Mice; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; Skin; Acne Vulgaris; Propionibacterium acnes; Amino Acids
PubMed: 38052825
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43833-8 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2017This review discusses the biology and behavior of (), a dominant bacterium species of the skin biogeography thought to be associated with transmission, recurrence and... (Review)
Review
This review discusses the biology and behavior of (), a dominant bacterium species of the skin biogeography thought to be associated with transmission, recurrence and severity of disease. More specifically, we discuss the ability of to invade and persist in epithelial cells and circulating macrophages to subsequently induce bouts of sarcoidosis, low-grade inflammation and metastatic cell growth in the prostate gland. Finally, we discuss the possibility of infiltrating the brain parenchyma to indirectly contribute to pathogenic processes in neurodegenerative disorders such as those observed in Parkinson's disease (PD).
Topics: Animals; Epithelial Cells; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Macrophages; Male; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Propionibacterium acnes; Prostate; Sarcoidosis; Skin
PubMed: 28352613
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00081 -
International Journal of Shoulder... 2015Propionibacterium acnes has been implicated as a cause of infection following shoulder surgery, may occur up to 2 years after the index operation and has been shown to... (Review)
Review
Propionibacterium acnes has been implicated as a cause of infection following shoulder surgery, may occur up to 2 years after the index operation and has been shown to be responsible for up to 56% of shoulder infections after orthopedic implant. Male patients within the population undergoing shoulder surgery are particularly at risk, especially if their shoulder surgery involved prosthesis or was posttraumatic. P. acnes infection can be difficult to diagnose clinically and laboratory techniques require prolonged and specialized cultures. Usual inflammatory markers are not raised in infection with this low virulence organism. Delayed diagnosis with P. acnes infection can result in significant morbidity prior to prosthesis failure. Early diagnosis of P. acnes infection and appropriate treatment can improve clinical outcomes. It is important to be aware of P. acnes infection in shoulder surgery, to evaluate risk factors, to recognize the signs of P. acnes infection, and to promptly initiate treatment. The signs and symptoms of P. acnes infection are described and discussed. Data were collected from PubMed™, Web of Science, and the NICE Evidence Healthcare Databases - AMED (Ovid), BNI (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), Embase (Ovid), HMIC: DH-Data and Kings Fund (Ovid), Medline (Ovid), and PsycINFO (Ovid). The search terms used were "P. acnes," "infection," "shoulder," and "surgery." In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the prevention and management of P. acnes infection following shoulder surgery.
PubMed: 26622132
DOI: 10.4103/0973-6042.167957 -
Infectious Disease Reports Oct 2017species are associated with normal skin flora and cultures may be dismissed as contaminants. They are increasingly recognized as a cause of septic arthritis following...
species are associated with normal skin flora and cultures may be dismissed as contaminants. They are increasingly recognized as a cause of septic arthritis following shoulder arthroplasty and arthrotomy. We identified three cases of septic arthritis in native joints mimicking atypical osteoarthritis and review the literature, clinical course, and treatment of 18 cases. Two cases of acne in native knee joints and one in a sternoclavicular joint are described. A literature search for septic arthritis was performed. Clinical course, treatment, and outcome are reviewed for all cases. Our three cases were combined with 15 cases from the literature. Fourteen cases showed few signs of acute infection, slow culture growth, and delayed diagnosis. In 3 cases an early culture was dismissed as a contaminant. Six cases were reported as caused by recent arthrocentesis. Fifteen cases were cured with antibiotics, although 5 of these 15 also required surgical intervention. Two patients were diagnosed while undergoing surgery for osteoarthritis. Four patients required arthroplasty and two of our patients will require arthroplasty for good functional results. as a cause of septic arthritis in native joints demonstrates few signs of acute infection, presents with prolonged course, and is often misdiagnosed or unsuspected. Anaerobic growth may be delayed or missed altogether, and outcomes are consequently poor. Consider septic arthritis in atypical osteoarthritis prior to arthroplasty.
PubMed: 29071046
DOI: 10.4081/idr.2017.7185 -
Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista... 2022The gastrointestinal microflora regulates the body's functions and plays an important role in its health. Dysbiosis leads to a number of chronic diseases such as...
The gastrointestinal microflora regulates the body's functions and plays an important role in its health. Dysbiosis leads to a number of chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, inflammation, atherosclerosis, etc. However, these diseases can be prevented by using probiotics - living microorganisms that benefit the microflora and, therefore, improve the host organism's health. The most common probiotics include lactic acid bacteria of the Bifidobacterium and Propionibacterium genera. We studied the probiotic properties of the following strains: Bifidobacterium adolescentis АС-1909, Bifidobacterium longum infantis АС-1912, Propionibacterium jensenii В-6085, Propionibacterium freudenreichii В-11921, Propionibacterium thoenii В-6082, and Propionibacterium acidipropionici В-5723. Antimicrobial activity was determined by the 'agar blocks' method against the following test cultures: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella enterica ATCC 14028, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa B6643, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 63, and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644. Moderate antimicrobial activity against all the test cultures was registered in Bifidobacterium adolescentis АС-1909, Propionibacterium jensenii В-6085, and Propionibacterium thoenii В-6082. Antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH inhibition method in all the lactic acid strains. Our study indicated that some Propionibacterium and Bifidobacterium strains or, theoretically, their consortia could be used as probiotic cultures in dietary supplements or functional foods to prevent a number of chronic diseases.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Bifidobacterium; Escherichia coli; Gastrointestinal Tract; Probiotics; Propionibacteriaceae; Propionibacterium
PubMed: 35544788
DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.256945 -
BMC Microbiology Jun 2021Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is the most widely used probiotic, but the mechanisms underlying its beneficial effects remain unresolved. Previous studies typically...
BACKGROUND
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is the most widely used probiotic, but the mechanisms underlying its beneficial effects remain unresolved. Previous studies typically inoculated LGG in hosts with established gut microbiota, limiting the understanding of specific impacts of LGG on host due to numerous interactions among LGG, commensal microbes, and the host. There has been a scarcity of studies that used gnotobiotic animals to elucidate LGG-host interaction, in particular for gaining specific insights about how it modifies the metabolome. To evaluate whether LGG affects the metabolite output of pathobionts, we inoculated with LGG gnotobiotic mice containing Propionibacterium acnes, Turicibacter sanguinis, and Staphylococcus aureus (PTS).
RESULTS
16S rRNA sequencing of fecal samples by Ion Torrent and MinION platforms showed colonization of germ-free mice by PTS or by PTS plus LGG (LTS). Although the body weights and feeding rates of mice remained similar between PTS and LTS groups, co-associating LGG with PTS led to a pronounced reduction in abundance of P. acnes in the gut. Addition of LGG or its secretome inhibited P. acnes growth in culture. After optimizing procedures for fecal metabolite extraction and metabolomic liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, unsupervised and supervised multivariate analyses revealed a distinct separation among fecal metabolites of PTS, LTS, and germ-free groups. Variables-important-in-projection scores showed that LGG colonization robustly diminished guanine, ornitihine, and sorbitol while significantly elevating acetylated amino acids, ribitol, indolelactic acid, and histamine. In addition, carnitine, betaine, and glutamate increased while thymidine, quinic acid and biotin were reduced in both PTS and LTS groups. Furthermore, LGG association reduced intestinal mucosal expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1α, IL-1β and TNF-α.
CONCLUSIONS
LGG co-association had a negative impact on colonization of P. acnes, and markedly altered the metabolic output and inflammatory response elicited by pathobionts.
Topics: Animals; Cytokines; Female; Firmicutes; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Germ-Free Life; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Probiotics; Propionibacterium acnes; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 34082713
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02178-2 -
Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery &... Dec 2015Septic arthritis develops after less than 1% of all arthroscopy procedures. The clinical symptoms may resemble those seen after uncomplicated arthroscopy, raising... (Review)
Review
Septic arthritis develops after less than 1% of all arthroscopy procedures. The clinical symptoms may resemble those seen after uncomplicated arthroscopy, raising diagnostic challenges. The diagnosis rests on emergent joint aspiration with microscopic smear examination and prolonged culturing on specific media. Urgent therapeutic measures must be taken, including abundant arthroscopic lavage, synovectomy, and the concomitant administration of two effective antibiotics for at least 6 weeks. Preservation of implants or transplants is increasingly accepted, and repeated joint lavage is a component of the treatment strategy. After knee arthroscopy, infection is the most common complication; most cases occur after cruciate ligament reconstruction, and staphylococci are the predominant causative organisms. Emergent synovectomy with transplant preservation and appropriate antibiotic therapy ensures eradication of the infection in 85% of cases, with no adverse effect on final functional outcomes. After shoulder arthroscopy, infection is 10 times less common than neurological complications and occurs mainly after rotator cuff repair procedures; the diagnosis may be difficult and delayed if Propionibacterium acnes is the causative organism. The update presented here is based on both a literature review and a practice survey. The findings have been used to develop practical recommendations aimed at improving the management of post-arthroscopy infections, which are exceedingly rare but can induce devastating functional impairments.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arthritis, Infectious; Arthroscopy; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Knee Joint; Male; Middle Aged; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Propionibacterium acnes; Shoulder Joint; Staphylococcal Infections; Surveys and Questionnaires; Synovectomy; Therapeutic Irrigation
PubMed: 26412207
DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2015.09.004