-
Microbial Ecology Nov 2016Proteus spp. bacteria were first described in 1885 by Gustav Hauser, who had revealed their feature of intensive swarming growth. Currently, the genus is divided into... (Review)
Review
Proteus spp. bacteria were first described in 1885 by Gustav Hauser, who had revealed their feature of intensive swarming growth. Currently, the genus is divided into Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus penneri, Proteus hauseri, and three unnamed genomospecies 4, 5, and 6 and consists of 80 O-antigenic serogroups. The bacteria are known to be human opportunistic pathogens, isolated from urine, wounds, and other clinical sources. It is postulated that intestines are a reservoir of these proteolytic organisms. Many wild and domestic animals may be hosts of Proteus spp. bacteria, which are commonly known to play a role of parasites or commensals. However, interesting examples of their symbiotic relationships with higher organisms have also been described. Proteus spp. bacteria present in soil or water habitats are often regarded as indicators of fecal pollution, posing a threat of poisoning when the contaminated water or seafood is consumed. The health risk may also be connected with drug-resistant strains sourcing from intestines. Positive aspects of the bacteria presence in water and soil are connected with exceptional features displayed by autochthonic Proteus spp. strains detected in these environments. These rods acquire various metabolic abilities allowing their adaptation to different environmental conditions, such as high concentrations of heavy metals or toxic substances, which may be exploited as sources of energy and nutrition by the bacteria. The Proteus spp. abilities to tolerate or utilize polluting compounds as well as promote plant growth provide a possibility of employing these microorganisms in bioremediation and environmental protection.
Topics: Animals; Environment; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Houseflies; Humans; Insect Vectors; Proteus; Proteus Infections; Soil Microbiology; Virulence Factors; Water Microbiology; Water Pollution
PubMed: 26748500
DOI: 10.1007/s00248-015-0720-6 -
Medical Microbiology and Immunology Dec 2016The frequency of P. penneri isolation from hospital patients, mostly from urine and wounds, keeps on growing, and numerous isolates are multi-drug resistant. P. penneri...
The frequency of P. penneri isolation from hospital patients, mostly from urine and wounds, keeps on growing, and numerous isolates are multi-drug resistant. P. penneri rods produce lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which may lead to the septic shock. Until now, O-specific polysaccharide has been the best structurally and serologically characterized region of P. penneri LPS. It is worth having an insight into the serological specificity of both poly- and oligosaccharide parts of P. penneri LPS. The P. penneri core region is less structurally diverse than OPS, but still, among other enterobacterial LPS core regions, it is characterized by structural variability. In the present study, the serological reactivity of 25 P. penneri LPS core regions was analyzed by ELISA, passive immunohemolysis and Western blot technique using five polyclonal P. penneri antisera after or without their adsorption with the respective LPSs. The results allowed the assignment of the tested strains to five new core serotypes, which together with published serological studies led to the creation of the first serotyping scheme based on LPS core reactivities of 35 P. penneri and three P. mirabilis strains. Together with the O types scheme, it will facilitate assigning Proteus LPSs of clinical isolates into appropriate O and R serotypes.
Topics: Animals; Epitopes; Immune Sera; Lipopolysaccharides; Proteus penneri; Rabbits; Serogroup; Serotyping; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 27469376
DOI: 10.1007/s00430-016-0468-8 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2018The new type of core oligosaccharide in 40A and 41 lipopolysaccharides has been investigated by ¹H and C NMR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry...
The new type of core oligosaccharide in 40A and 41 lipopolysaccharides has been investigated by ¹H and C NMR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and chemical methods. Core oligosaccharides of both strains were chosen for structural analysis based on the reactivity of LPSs with serum against 40A core oligosaccharide-diphtheria toxoid conjugate. Structural analyses revealed that 40A and 41 LPSs possess an identical core oligosaccharide.
Topics: Antigens, Bacterial; Immune Sera; Lipopolysaccharides; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Oligosaccharides; Proteus penneri; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 29495556
DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030676 -
IScience Sep 2022Microorganisms with high selenite-tolerant and efficient reduction ability of selenite have seldom been reported. In this study, a highly selenite-resistant strain (up...
Microorganisms with high selenite-tolerant and efficient reduction ability of selenite have seldom been reported. In this study, a highly selenite-resistant strain (up to 500 mM), isolated from lateritic red soil, was identified as LAB-1. Remarkably, isolate LAB-1 reduced nearly 2 mM of selenite within 18 h with the production of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) at the beginning of the exponential phase. Moreover, selenite reduction activities of strain LAB-1 were detected in the membrane protein fraction with or without NADPH/NADH as electron donors. Strain LAB-1 transported selenite to the membrane via nitrate transport protein. The selenite was reduced to SeNPs through the glutathione pathway and the catalysis of nitrate reductase, and the glutathione pathway played the decisive role. LAB-1 could be a potential candidate for the selenite bioremediation and SeNPs synthesis.
PubMed: 36097619
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104904 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021spp. and spp. cause hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs), which are often related to the use of catheters. To create a vaccine preventing UTI, immunogenic...
spp. and spp. cause hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs), which are often related to the use of catheters. To create a vaccine preventing UTI, immunogenic bacterial antigens with common epitopes are still being looked for. In this work, the role of polysaccharide antigens of four spp. and eight spp. strains in serological cross-reactions with specific antisera was examined. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blotting, and silver staining by Tsai method were performed. The and spp. LPSs and cells were used as antigens. Polyclonal rabbit sera specific to 0.023 and 0.062 strains and four spp. LPSs were obtained. The ELISA and Western blotting results showed the strongest cross-reactions occurring between lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) from four strains and O42 antiserum. The silver-staining procedure revealed the patterns typical of both slow- and fast-migrating mass species of the LPSs. The spp. antigens also cross-reacted with four antisera, and most of the reactions were observed as low-migrating patterns. From two antisera obtained in this work, only one, the 0.062 antiserum, cross-reacted with satisfactory strength with LPSs (19, 22, and 60). Obtaining cross-reactions between the antigens of strains and antisera and in the opposite systems is important for proving the immunogenic role of polysaccharide antigens in triggering the immunological response.
Topics: Animals; Cross Reactions; Klebsiella; Lipopolysaccharides; O Antigens; Proteus; Rabbits; Serotyping
PubMed: 34513729
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.707578 -
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious... Jun 2024Although Proteus species are occasional causes of serious infections, their epidemiology has not been well defined. The objective was to describe the overall and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Although Proteus species are occasional causes of serious infections, their epidemiology has not been well defined. The objective was to describe the overall and species-specific occurrence and determinants of Proteus species bloodstream infection (BSI) in a large Australian population.
METHODS
All Queensland residents with Proteus species BSI identified within the publicly funded healthcare system between 2000 and 2019 were included.
RESULTS
A total of 2,143 incident episodes of Proteus species BSI were identified among 2,079 Queensland residents. The prevalence of comorbid illness differed with higher Charlson comorbidity scores observed with P. penneri and P. vulgaris, and higher prevalence of liver disease with P. penneri, higher comorbid cancer with P. vulgaris, and lower diabetes and renal disease prevalence with P. mirabilis BSIs.
CONCLUSION
This study provides novel information on the epidemiology of Proteus species BSI.
Topics: Humans; Bacteremia; Male; Middle Aged; Female; Proteus Infections; Aged; Queensland; Proteus; Prevalence; Adult; Comorbidity; Aged, 80 and over; Young Adult; Proteus mirabilis
PubMed: 38574445
DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116286 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2021In the years 2006-2011, 617 Proteus spp. strains isolated mostly from urine and wounds or other clinical sources were collected in Łódź, Poland, to determine the...
In the years 2006-2011, 617 Proteus spp. strains isolated mostly from urine and wounds or other clinical sources were collected in Łódź, Poland, to determine the offensive O serotypes frequently occurring among patients. P. mirabilis exhibited the most intensive swarming growth and was dominating species (86.9%), followed by P. genomospecies, P. vulgaris, and P. penneri. Ninety four per cent strains were recognized as S (smooth) forms. Serological studies (involving ELISA-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting using native and adsorbed rabbit antisera) enabled classification of 80% S isolates into respective Proteus O serogroups among the 83 ones, described so far. The remaining strains seemed to be serologically unique. Despite the observed big serological variety of Proteus spp. isolates, we found the O78 serogroup recently described in Poland as dominating and identified other widespread serotypes: O3, O6, O10, O11, O27, O28, and O30 reported earlier as predominating also in other countries; O77 and O79 detected lately in Poland; O16, O18, O20, and O50. No unique structural feature of the prevalent O serotypes has been indicated. However, the prevalence of some O serogroups indicates that particular serotypes may be in some ways beneficial to the strains producing these kinds of O antigen.
Topics: Humans; O Antigens; Poland; Proteus; Proteus Infections; Serogroup; Serotyping; Virulence
PubMed: 34556711
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98228-w -
Infection and Drug Resistance 2023A strain of with carbapenem resistance was found in a patient with a diabetic foot infection. We studied drug resistance, genome, and homology of to support clinical...
OBJECTIVE
A strain of with carbapenem resistance was found in a patient with a diabetic foot infection. We studied drug resistance, genome, and homology of to support clinical prevention and treatment of infection caused by carbapenem-resistant (CR-PPE).
METHODS
The strains were obtained through bacterial culture from purulence. VITEK 2 compact (GN13) and Kirby-Bauer (K-B) disk diffusion methods were used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Ceftriaxone, amikacin, gentamicin, ampicillin, aztreonam, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, cefepime, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tobramycin, cefotetan, piperacillin-tazobactam, ampicillin-sulbactam, ertapenem, piperacillin, meropenem, cefuroxime, cefazolin, cefoperazone/sulbactam, cefoxitin, and imipenem were used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. After bacterial genome extraction, sequencing, and sequence assembly, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed to explore the CR-PPE genotype.
RESULTS
CR-PPE was resistant to two carbapenems (imipenem and ertapenem), ceftriaxone, and cefazolin, and was sensitive to aztreonam, piperacillin-tazobactam, and cefotetan. WGS results depict that the resistant phenotype of CR-PPE is consistent with the genotype, without common virulence genes of bacteria detected (virulence factor database). The carbapenem resistance gene is contained in a new plasmid, . The transposon in carrying has almost the same structure as in the reference plasmid (Accession: MH491967). In addition, through phylogenetic analysis, CR-PPE depicts the closest evolutionary relationship with GCF 024129515.1, which was found in in the Czech Republic in 2019 (downloaded from National Center for Biotechnology Information database). According to the evolutionary tree, CR-PPE has high homology with the two strains found in China.
CONCLUSION
CR-PPE exhibits strong drug resistance owing to the presence of multiple resistance genes. CR-PPE infection should receive more attention, especially in patients with underlying diseases, such as diabetes and weak immunity.
PubMed: 36861016
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S398914 -
Annals of Medical and Health Sciences... 2016species cause a variety of community- and hospital-acquired illnesses. Synthesis of β-lactamases is the predominant mechanism for resistance to β-lactam antibiotics....
BACKGROUND
species cause a variety of community- and hospital-acquired illnesses. Synthesis of β-lactamases is the predominant mechanism for resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. Among the β-lactamases, extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC β-lactamases are the most common.
AIM
The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of ESBL and AmpC β-lactamases in species among various clinical isolates at a tertiary care hospital, India.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study was done to identify various species of from clinical samples ( = 3922). Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. ESBL production was detected by modified double-disc synergy test and indirect modified three-dimensional tests and AmpC β-lactamase production by AmpC disc test and modified Hodge test.
RESULTS
species were isolated in 5.4% (101/1876) specimens. Three species isolated were 62.4% (63/101), 29.7% (30/101), and 7.9% (8/101). ESBL producers confirmed by both tests were of 88.1% (89/101). Only AmpC β-lactamase was produced by four isolates. Coproduction of ESBL and AmpC β-lactamase was observed in 58.4% (52/89) of isolates. Twelve isolates were non-β-lactamase producers. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was found in 95.1% (96/101) of isolates, 50.5% (51/101) were possibly extensively drug resistant and none were pan drug resistant. None of the isolates were resistant to piperacillin-tazobactam. isolates exhibited high resistance to most of the antibiotics.
CONCLUSIONS
A high prevalence of ESBL and AmpC β-lactamases was found that concurrently showed MDR. Phenotypic methods for the detection of β-lactamases are easy and simple and can be implemented in routine diagnostic laboratories along with susceptibility testing. These data will assist the clinicians in the management and control of infections.
PubMed: 28503342
DOI: 10.4103/amhsr.amhsr_413_15 -
BMC Infectious Diseases May 2023Proteus spp. are widespread in the environment and comprise a part of the normal flora of the human gastrointestinal tract. Only six species in this genus, including...
BACKGROUND
Proteus spp. are widespread in the environment and comprise a part of the normal flora of the human gastrointestinal tract. Only six species in this genus, including Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus terrae, Proteus penneri, Proteus hauseri, and Proteus faecis, have been isolated from human clinical specimens. However, there are no reports of Proteus alimentorum isolated from humans, and the clinical characteristics of P. alimentorum infection are unknown.
CASE PRESENTATION
An 85-year-old female patient with peritoneal cancer was hospitalized for complicated pyelonephritis and bacteremia caused by P. alimentorum. The patient received antimicrobial therapy and was discharged on day 7 of hospitalization. No recurrence was observed 14 days after the treatment. Various methods were used to identify the Proteus sp. Furthermore, the VITEK-2 GN ID card resulted in low discrimination between P. hauseri and P. penneri. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry showed P. hauseri with a spectral score of 2.22 as the best match. Nevertheless, the pathogen was identified as P. alimentorum based on genetic investigation using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and biochemical tests.
CONCLUSION
Proteus alimentorum is a human pathogen, and its infection has an excellent therapeutic response to antimicrobials based on antimicrobial susceptibility. Genomic methods may be helpful for the precise identification of P. alimentorum.
Topics: Female; Humans; Aged, 80 and over; Neoplasms; Proteus; Pyelonephritis; RNA, Ribosomal; Proteus Infections
PubMed: 37189038
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08296-8