-
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2022Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemotherapy based on local application of a photosensitive compound and subsequent exposure to a light source of adequate... (Review)
Review
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemotherapy based on local application of a photosensitive compound and subsequent exposure to a light source of adequate wavelength. It is a non-invasive therapeutic procedure widely used in oncodermatology for treatment of numerous skin cancers, but in the last years its use has been gradually extended to an increasing list of skin diseases of both infectious and inflammatory nature. Although PDT is proven as a safe and effective therapeutic option in adults, its use is not well standardized in the pediatric population. In this review, we will focus on clinical applications, mechanisms of action, protocols, and adverse events in children and adolescents. Most of pediatric experiences concerned treatment of skin cancers in Gorlin syndrome and xeroderma pigmentosum, acne vulgaris, and viral warts, but other applications emerged, such as cutaneous lymphoma and pseudo-lymphomas, necrobiosis lipoidica, hidradenitis suppurativa, dissecting cellulitis, leishmaniasis, angiofibromas, verrucous epidermal nevus, and linear porokeratosis. In these pediatric diseases, PDT appeared as an effective therapeutic alternative. The results on vitiligo were limited and not fully encouraging. Although highly versatile, PDT is not a therapy for all skin diseases, and a deeper knowledge of its mechanisms of action is required to better define its spectrum of action and safety in pediatric patients.
PubMed: 36052131
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.879380 -
Dermatopathology (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2021The term "pseudomalignancy" covers a large, heterogenous group of diseases characterized by a benign cellular proliferation, hyperplasia, or infiltrate that resembles a... (Review)
Review
The term "pseudomalignancy" covers a large, heterogenous group of diseases characterized by a benign cellular proliferation, hyperplasia, or infiltrate that resembles a true malignancy clinically or histologically. Here, we (i) provide a non-exhaustive review of several inflammatory skin diseases and benign skin proliferations that can mimic a malignant neoplasm in children, (ii) give pathologists some helpful clues to guide their diagnosis, and (iii) highlight pitfalls to be avoided. The observation of clinical-pathological correlations is often important in this situation and can sometimes be the only means (along with careful monitoring of the disease's clinical course) of reaching a firm diagnosis.
PubMed: 34449607
DOI: 10.3390/dermatopathology8030042 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... 2017Perianal pseudolymphoma is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder that can mimic cutaneous lymphoma. The condition can present acutely with concerns of perianal sepsis. The...
INTRODUCTION
Perianal pseudolymphoma is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder that can mimic cutaneous lymphoma. The condition can present acutely with concerns of perianal sepsis. The purpose of this case review is to review the current literature on perianal pseudolymphoma and emphasise to the surgical community its presentation, suggested aetiology and management.
CASE PRESENTATION
In this case report, we detail the case of a 28-year-old female who presented with perianal pseudolymphoma. Malignant lymphoproliferative diseases required exclusion. Conservative management of this rare condition was successful.
DISCUSSION
We highlight the differential diagnoses, investigations and treatment options for a rare condition. A review of the literature on the limited published data on perianal pseudolymphoma is briefly discussed.
CONCLUSION
The aim of this case report is to highlight the existence of such a rare condition that can imitate an acute surgical presentation and its successful conservative management.
PubMed: 28881336
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.08.014 -
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology May 2021Lichen aureus is a variant of pigmented purpuric dermatoses. The usual histopathology of lichen aureus is characterized by a subepidermal dense, band-like lymphocytic...
Lichen aureus is a variant of pigmented purpuric dermatoses. The usual histopathology of lichen aureus is characterized by a subepidermal dense, band-like lymphocytic infiltrate, extravasated erythrocytes, and hemosiderin deposits. We report three patients with lichen aureus on the extremities with similar clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological findings characterized by a dense band-like relatively deep dermal infiltrate accompanied by extravasation of erythrocytes and hemosiderin deposits occasioning a resemblance to a lymphoproliferative disorder.
Topics: Adult; Dermoscopy; Diagnosis, Differential; Erythrocytes; Female; Hemosiderin; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Lymphocytes; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Male; Middle Aged; Pigmentation Disorders; Plasma Cells; Pseudolymphoma; Purpura; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 33368548
DOI: 10.1111/cup.13948 -
European Review For Medical and... Dec 2020Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium identified for the first time about 30 years ago and commonly considered as the main pathogenic factor of gastritis and... (Review)
Review
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium identified for the first time about 30 years ago and commonly considered as the main pathogenic factor of gastritis and peptic ulcer. Since then, it was found to be associated with several gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal diseases. Helicobacter pylori is also associated with many skin disorders including, but not limited to, chronic urticaria, rosacea, lichen planus, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, pemphigus vulgaris, vitiligo, primary cutaneous MALT-type lymphoma, sublamina densa-type linear IgA bullous dermatosis, primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphomas and cutaneous T-cell pseudolymphoma. Literature up to September 2020 shows that clear evidence exists only for some of the mentioned associations, while in the majority of cases, data appear contrasting. The aim of this review is to summarize the available studies on the topic and draw possible conclusions. Further clinical and laboratory studies are needed to assess the real plausibility and relevance of these associations, as well as the possible role of Helicobacter pylori with the underlying pathogenic mechanisms.
Topics: Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 33336746
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202012_24019 -
Journal of the European Academy of... Jan 2022
Topics: Antibodies, Viral; COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; Humans; Pseudolymphoma; SARS-CoV-2; Vaccines, Synthetic; mRNA Vaccines
PubMed: 34547136
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17680 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2024Skin modification through tattoos is as old as humanity itself. However, this trend is on the rise, and with the use of different types of pigments and application... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Skin modification through tattoos is as old as humanity itself. However, this trend is on the rise, and with the use of different types of pigments and application practices, both cutaneous and systemic complications can arise. Adverse reactions can be grouped into five classes: inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, aesthetic, and miscellaneous. On histopathology, inflammatory reactions can exhibit a lichenoid pattern or present as spongiotic dermatitis, granulomatous reactions, pseudolymphoma, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, or scleroderma/morphea-like changes. This article reviews tattoo complications, including their clinical and histopathological characteristics.
METHODS
An open search was conducted on PubMed using the terms "tattoo", "complications", and "skin". No limits were set for period, language, or publication type of the articles.
RESULTS
Reactions to tattoos are reported in up to 67% of people who get tattooed, with papulonodular and granulomatous reactions being the most common. Some neoplastic complications have been described, but their causality is still debated. Any pigment can cause adverse reactions, although red ink is more frequently associated with them. Patients with pre-existing dermatoses may experience exacerbation or complications of their diseases when getting tattoos; therefore, this procedure is not recommended for this patient group.
CONCLUSIONS
Dermatological consultation is recommended before getting a tattoo, as well as a histopathological examination in case of complications. In patients who develop cutaneous inflammatory reactions following tattooing, additional studies are recommended to investigate systemic diseases such as sarcoidosis, pyoderma gangrenosum, atopic dermatitis, and neoplasms. It is important for physicians to be trained in providing appropriate care in case of complications.
Topics: Tattooing; Humans; Skin Diseases; Coloring Agents; Risk Factors; Skin
PubMed: 38521707
DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2023.07.004 -
Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) 2023Just as the number of tattooed people has increased in recent years, so has the number of adverse reactions in tattooed skin. Tattoo colourants contain numerous, partly...
BACKGROUND
Just as the number of tattooed people has increased in recent years, so has the number of adverse reactions in tattooed skin. Tattoo colourants contain numerous, partly unidentified substances, which have the potential to provoke adverse skin reactions like allergies or granulomatous reactions. Identification of the triggering substances is often difficult or even impossible.
METHODS
Ten patients with typical adverse reactions in tattooed skin were enrolled in the study. Skin punch biopsies were taken and the paraffin-embedded specimens were analysed by standard haematoxylin and eosin and anti-CD3 stainings. Tattoo colourants provided by patients and punch biopsies of patients were analysed with different chromatography and mass spectrometry methods and X-ray fluorescence. Blood samples of 2 patients were screened for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R).
RESULTS
Histology showed variable skin reactions such as eosinophilic infiltrate, granulomatous reactions, or pseudolymphoma. CD3+ T lymphocytes dominated the dermal cellular infiltrate. Most patients had adverse skin reactions in red tattoos (n = 7), followed by white tattoos (n = 2). The red tattooed skin areas predominantly contained Pigment Red (P.R.) 170, but also P.R. 266, Pigment Orange (P.O.) 13, P.O. 16, and Pigment Blue (P.B.) 15. The white colourant of 1 patient contained rutile titanium dioxide but also other metals like nickel and chromium and methyl dehydroabietate - known as the main ingredient of colophonium. None of the 2 patients showed increased levels of ACE and sIL-2R related to sarcoidosis. Seven of the study participants showed partial or complete remission after treatment with topical steroids, intralesional steroids, or topical tacrolimus.
CONCLUSIONS
The combination of the methods presented might be a rational approach to identify the substances that trigger adverse reactions in tattoos. Such an approach might help make tattoo colourants safer in the future if such trigger substances could be omitted.
Topics: Humans; Coloring Agents; Skin; Tattooing; Hypersensitivity; Steroids
PubMed: 37231944
DOI: 10.1159/000530949 -
Asian Journal of Surgery Jan 2017We report a case of pseudolymphoma of the liver in a 49-year-old woman without an underlying disease except for liver hemangioma. A 20-mm nodule was incidentally found... (Review)
Review
We report a case of pseudolymphoma of the liver in a 49-year-old woman without an underlying disease except for liver hemangioma. A 20-mm nodule was incidentally found in segment 2 of the liver by abdominal ultrasonography during a regular follow-up of the hepatic hemangioma. After a series of radiological examinations, a left lateral sectionectomy was performed because malignant hepatic tumor could not be excluded. The patient was discharged uneventfully 7 days after the operation. The pathology examination revealed a pseudolymphoma. No recurrence of the tumor was found 5½ years after the operation. To the best of our knowledge, only 46 cases of pseudolymphoma of the liver have been reported to date. A review of the literature showed that pseudolymphomas occur predominantly in females (89.4%), usually occur as a single tumor (80.4%), are no more than 20 mm in size (90.6%), and are frequently associated with either autoimmune disease or chronic liver disease. Because an accurate diagnosis is difficult to establish, vigilant follow-up is indicated, and surgical intervention is the choice of treatment once the suspiciousness of malignancy has been raised.
Topics: Female; Humans; Liver Diseases; Middle Aged; Pseudolymphoma
PubMed: 23978426
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2013.07.013 -
Pulmonary Medicine 2019Here we present a comprehensive review of the literature concerning the utility of convex probe endobronchial ultrasound (CP-EBUS) in the diagnosis and treatment of... (Review)
Review
Here we present a comprehensive review of the literature concerning the utility of convex probe endobronchial ultrasound (CP-EBUS) in the diagnosis and treatment of nonmalignant conditions and discuss the associated complications. CP-EBUS has been conventionally used for the staging of lung cancer and sampling of mediastinal and hilar nodes. However, its application is not limited to malignant conditions, and it is gaining acceptance as a diagnostic modality of choice for nonmalignant conditions such as tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, pulmonary embolism, thyroid lesions, and cysts. Moreover, its therapeutic value allows for extended applications such as mediastinal and thyroid cyst drainage, fiducial marker placement for radiation therapy, and transbronchial needle injection. The noninvasiveness, low complication rate, high diagnostic yield, and satisfactory sensitivity and specificity values are the main attributes that lend credence to the use of CP-EBUS as a standalone primary diagnostic and therapeutic tool in pulmonary medicine in the foreseeable future.
Topics: Drainage; Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration; Fiducial Markers; Humans; Injections; Lung Diseases, Fungal; Nocardia Infections; Pseudolymphoma; Pulmonary Embolism; Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary; Thyroid Nodule; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
PubMed: 31316830
DOI: 10.1155/2019/6838439