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Brain and Cognition Mar 2024A primary objective of current human neuropsychological performance research is to define the physiological correlates of adaptive knowledge utilization, in order to... (Review)
Review
A primary objective of current human neuropsychological performance research is to define the physiological correlates of adaptive knowledge utilization, in order to support the enhanced execution of both simple and complex tasks. Within the present article, electroencephalography-based neurophysiological indices characterizing expert psychomotor performance, will be explored. As a means of characterizing fundamental processes underlying efficient psychometric performance, the neural efficiency model will be evaluated in terms of alpha-wave-based selective cortical processes. Cognitive and motor domains will initially be explored independently, which will act to encapsulate the task-related neuronal adaptive requirements for enhanced psychomotor performance associating with the neural efficiency model. Moderating variables impacting the practical application of such neuropsychological model, will also be investigated. As a result, the aim of this review is to provide insight into detectable task-related modulation involved in developed neurocognitive strategies which support heightened psychomotor performance, for the implementation within practical settings requiring a high degree of expert performance (such as sports or military operational settings).
Topics: Humans; Psychomotor Performance; Electroencephalography; Neuropsychological Tests
PubMed: 38219415
DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106132 -
Vision Research Aug 2015
Topics: Attention; Humans; Psychomotor Performance; Vision, Ocular; Visual Perception
PubMed: 26095677
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2015.06.003 -
Schizophrenia Bulletin Jul 2021
Topics: Biomedical Research; Humans; Mental Disorders; Neurosciences; Psychomotor Performance
PubMed: 33940630
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab053 -
PloS One 2022Technical elements are related to shooting performance; however, the importance of each factor regarding performance, especially in elite-level pistol shooters, remains...
Technical elements are related to shooting performance; however, the importance of each factor regarding performance, especially in elite-level pistol shooters, remains controversial. The objective of this study was to determine the technical factors that influence pistol performance. One elite-level shooter was analysed during the season before the Olympic classification European championship through a total of six competitions (n = 360 shots). Aiming point trajectories were measured with the SCATT optoelectronic system. Variables were classified into six categories: performance; aiming time; stability of hold; aiming accuracy; cleanness of triggering and shooting delta. Principal component analysis, multiple regressions, Pearson correlations and ANOVAs were used to analyse the data. The results showed that five components (aiming time, stability of hold, aiming accuracy, cleanness of triggering and shooting delta) determined a total of 79.68% of the shooting variance. Specifically, aiming accuracy and cleanness of triggering explained up to 25% of the shooting score, with cleanness of triggering serving as the determining factor. Correlations were found among the performance and stability of hold, aiming accuracy, cleanness of triggering and shooting delta. Last, significant differences were found among 8-score, 9-score and 10-score shots. We conclude that while aiming accuracy seems to be related to the performance, cleanness of triggering could be the most critical technical element; furthermore, while stability of hold does not seem to be a determining factor of the score, it could be a general prerequisite to achieve high levels of performance in elite-level air pistol shooters.
Topics: Adult; Athletic Performance; Firearms; Humans; Male; Postural Balance; Principal Component Analysis; Psychomotor Performance; Task Performance and Analysis
PubMed: 35045106
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262276 -
Revista Espanola de Salud Publica Sep 2021The clinical evaluation is fundamental in the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and must include the evaluation of the psychomotor development in an integral... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The clinical evaluation is fundamental in the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and must include the evaluation of the psychomotor development in an integral way that allows to identify the interaction between the somatic and the affective, and in the long term, positively influence the overall development of the child. The objective of this work was to identify validated psychomotor assessment tools in autism spectrum disorder in the current literature.
METHODS
An exploratory review was carried out following the Prisma-SCR criteria from searches in electronic databases, including PUBMED, SCIENCE DIRECT, LILACS, SCOPUS and PEDRO, only publications between the years 2010-2020 were taken into account. validation that will include people with ASD from 2 to 14 years old.
RESULTS
25 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which only the Gross Motor Development Test-3 (TGDM3) is recognized as a psychomotor exploration test through six locomotor activities and six object control.
CONCLUSIONS
The tools found are very broad compared to the measurement criteria and many of them are used as screening tests for ASD.
Topics: Adolescent; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Psychomotor Performance; Spain
PubMed: 34584065
DOI: No ID Found -
Neuroscience Letters Jan 2022Manual motor deficits are common in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, it is unclear whether these impairments persist into...
Manual motor deficits are common in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, it is unclear whether these impairments persist into adulthood. The aim of this study was to examine manual dexterity and strength in young adults with ADHD aged 18-25 years. Sixty-one individuals with confirmed ADHD and 56 adults without ADHD completed Purdue Pegboard tasks for manual dexterity and maximal hand- and pinch-grip tests for strength. In the Purdue Pegboard task, participants placed pins using the right, left, and both-hands, respectively. In addition, participants built assemblies using pins, washers, and collars with alternating hand movements. The results demonstrated that women without ADHD out-performed the other three groups in the right-hand, bimanual, and assembly PPB tasks. Both maximal hand strength tests demonstrated that men were stronger than women, but no differences were observed between adults with and without ADHD. The current findings suggest that adults with ADHD may have deficits in manual dexterity and tasks requiring bimanual coordination.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Female; Humans; Male; Motor Skills; Muscle Strength; Psychomotor Performance; Young Adult
PubMed: 34785312
DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136349 -
Personality and Social Psychology... Feb 2017What effects do factors that impair or enhance performance in individuals have when these individuals act in groups? We provide a framework, called the GIE ("Effects of...
What effects do factors that impair or enhance performance in individuals have when these individuals act in groups? We provide a framework, called the GIE ("Effects of Grouping on Impairments and Enhancements") framework, for investigating this question. As prominent examples for individual-level impairments and enhancements, we discuss sleep deprivation and caffeine. Based on previous research, we derive hypotheses on how they influence performance in groups, specifically process gains and losses in motivation, individual capability, and coordination. We conclude that the effect an impairment or enhancement has on individual-level performance is not necessarily mirrored in group performance: grouping can help or hurt. We provide recommendations on how to estimate empirically the effects individual-level performance impairments and enhancements have in groups. By comparing sleep deprivation to stress and caffeine to pharmacological cognitive enhancement, we illustrate that we cannot readily generalize from group results on one impairment or enhancement to another, even if they have similar effects on individual-level performance.
Topics: Caffeine; Group Processes; Humans; Motivation; Psychomotor Performance; Sleep; Sleep Deprivation
PubMed: 26468077
DOI: 10.1177/1088868315609487 -
NeuroImage Aug 2020We present the first evidence for vascular regulation driving fMRI signals in specific functional brain networks. Using concurrent neuronal and vascular stimuli, we...
We present the first evidence for vascular regulation driving fMRI signals in specific functional brain networks. Using concurrent neuronal and vascular stimuli, we collected 30 BOLD fMRI datasets in 10 healthy individuals: a working memory task, flashing checkerboard stimulus, and CO inhalation challenge were delivered in concurrent but orthogonal paradigms. The resulting imaging data were averaged together and decomposed using independent component analysis, and three "neuronal networks" were identified as demonstrating maximum temporal correlation with the neuronal stimulus paradigms: Default Mode Network, Task Positive Network, and Visual Network. For each of these, we observed a second network component with high spatial overlap. Using dual regression in the original 30 datasets, we extracted the time-series associated with these network pairs and calculated the percent of variance explained by the neuronal or vascular stimuli using a normalized R parameter. In each pairing, one network was dominated by the appropriate neuronal stimulus, and the other was dominated by the vascular stimulus as represented by the end-tidal CO time-series recorded in each scan. We acquired a second dataset in 8 of the original participants, where no CO challenge was delivered and CO levels fluctuated naturally with breathing variations. Although splitting of functional networks was not robust in these data, performing dual regression with the network maps from the original analysis in this new dataset successfully replicated our observations. Thus, in addition to responding to localized metabolic changes, the brain's vasculature may be regulated in a coordinated manner that mimics (and potentially supports) specific functional brain networks. Multi-modal imaging and advances in fMRI acquisition and analysis could facilitate further study of the dual nature of functional brain networks. It will be critical to understand network-specific vascular function, and the behavior of a coupled vascular-neural network, in future studies of brain pathology.
Topics: Adult; Blood Vessels; Brain Mapping; Carbon Dioxide; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Memory, Short-Term; Nerve Net; Neurovascular Coupling; Oxygen; Photic Stimulation; Psychomotor Performance; Regression Analysis
PubMed: 32387624
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116907 -
PloS One 2019Humans exert a great deal of control over our local environments-selecting and arranging the many objects around us on the basis of conflicting task-demands, aesthetic...
Humans exert a great deal of control over our local environments-selecting and arranging the many objects around us on the basis of conflicting task-demands, aesthetic preferences, and habitual convenience. Because routine behaviour necessitates that we regularly find and access these objects, the particular arrangements we choose can influence the likelihood and difficulty of engaging in different tasks and actions. Despite this importance, relatively little research has directly examined human organizational behaviours and tendencies. Here we investigate how objects in a computer-based search task are freely and dynamically arranged by participants over time, while manipulating the statistics of the target sequence. We report common organizational behaviours including reduction of distance between targets as well as separation of target subsets with high community. However, the extent of these behaviours and their relationship to individual differences in performance varies as a function of the target sequence structure. In particular, tasks composed of a larger number of smaller groups of targets lead to better organizational and performance outcomes than tasks composed of fewer larger groups.
Topics: Decision Making; Humans; Psychomotor Performance; Space Perception; Spatial Behavior; Task Performance and Analysis
PubMed: 31075108
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216342 -
Headache Jan 2020To review the published findings relevant to migraine and driving performance, with an intent to encourage discussion on research which may broaden understanding in this... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To review the published findings relevant to migraine and driving performance, with an intent to encourage discussion on research which may broaden understanding in this area and help educate healthcare providers and their patients.
BACKGROUND
Motor vehicle crashes result in more than 35,000 deaths and more than 2 million injuries annually in the United States. Migraine is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world, and many symptoms associated with migraine attacks have the potential to negatively influence driving ability.
METHODS
We reviewed the published findings related to migraine and driving performance. Study findings relevant to symptoms of migraine and their potential effect on driving were also reviewed. This required a more expansive exploration of the literature beyond migraine, for example, review of the literature relating to the effect of pain, sleepiness, visual disturbances, or vertigo on driving. Finally, the potential effects of treatment for migraine on driving were reviewed.
RESULTS
Literature on the effect of migraine on driving performance is sparse and, in general published studies on the topic have a number of limitations. Based on review of the literature pertaining to other disorders, it seems feasible that some symptoms occurring as part of the migraine attack could impact driving performance, although formal study in this area is lacking. Many of the approved treatments for migraine have the potential to impact driving, yet this has not been specifically studied, and the extent to which these risks are communicated to patients is not clear.
CONCLUSION
The impact of migraine on driving performance has been largely neglected, with few studies specifically designed to address the topic, and relevant studies were generally small with limited control of confounders. This area requires more focus, given a potential for impact on road safety.
Topics: Automobile Driving; Humans; Migraine Disorders; Psychomotor Performance
PubMed: 31792964
DOI: 10.1111/head.13716