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Physiological Reports May 2023Isometric exercise training (IET) is an effective intervention for the management of resting blood pressure (BP). However, the effects of IET on arterial stiffness... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Isometric exercise training (IET) is an effective intervention for the management of resting blood pressure (BP). However, the effects of IET on arterial stiffness remain largely unknown. Eighteen unmedicated physically inactive participants were recruited. Participants were randomly allocated in a cross-over design to 4 weeks of home-based wall squat IET and control period, separated by a 3-week washout period. Continuous beat-to-beat hemodynamics, including early and late systolic (sBP 1 and sBP 2, respectively) and diastolic blood pressure (dBP) were recorded for a period of 5 min and waveforms were extracted and analyzed to acquire the augmentation index (AIx) as a measure of arterial stiffness. sBP 1 (-7.7 ± 12.8 mmHg, p = 0.024), sBP 2 (-5.9 ± 9.9 mmHg, p = 0.042) and dBP (-4.4 ± 7.2 mmHg, p = 0.037) all significantly decreased following IET compared to the control period. Importantly, there was a significant reduction in AIx following IET (-6.6 ± 14.5%, p = 0.02) compared to the control period. There were also adjacent significant reductions in total peripheral resistance (-140.7 ± 65.8 dynes·cm-5, p = 0.042) and pulse pressure (-3.8 ± 4.2, p = 0.003) compared to the control period. This study demonstrates an improvement in arterial stiffness following a short-term IET intervention. These findings have important clinical implications regarding cardiovascular risk. Mechanistically, these results suggest that reductions in resting BP following IET are induced via favorable vascular adaptations, although the intricate details of such adaptations are not yet clear.
Topics: Humans; Hypertension; Vascular Stiffness; Cross-Over Studies; Exercise; Blood Pressure
PubMed: 37208968
DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15690 -
Effects of exercise on the cardiovascular function of rats in a sulfur dioxide polluted environment.Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 2022The purpose of the study is to further explore the combined effects of exercise and sulfur dioxide (SO2) exposure on the cardiovascular function as well as the...
The purpose of the study is to further explore the combined effects of exercise and sulfur dioxide (SO2) exposure on the cardiovascular function as well as the underlying mechanisms. Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: rest group (RG), exercise group (EG), SO2 pollution group (SG) and SO2 pollution + exercise group (SEG). Changes of aortic pressure and left ventricular pressure, Ang II concentration, ACE concentration and ACE activity in rats' myocardial tissue were observed. Compared with RG, the systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, LVSP, +dp/dtmax and -dp/dtmax of EG increased significantly, diastolic blood pressure, resting heart rate and ACE activity decreased significantly; For rats of SG, 4 weeks SO2 exposure increased LVEDP, Ang II concentration, ACE concentration and ACE activity, decreased the +dp/dtmax and -dp/dtmax; For rats of SEG, the systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, LVSP, +dp/dtmax and -dp/dtmax decreased significantly, HR, LVEDP, Ang II concentration, ACE concentration and ACE activity increased significantly. Results indicate that, the combination of aerobic exercise and SO2 exposure can aggravate the negative effects of SO2 inhalation on cardiovascular function. Renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in mediating the negative effect of SO2 inhalation.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Myocardium; Rats; Sulfur Dioxide
PubMed: 35674607
DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220211180 -
Clinical Rheumatology Sep 2017We evaluated the relationship of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and treatment with antihypertensives with knee osteoarthritis... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
We evaluated the relationship of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and treatment with antihypertensives with knee osteoarthritis incidence in a US cohort. We performed a longitudinal study (2004-2010) nested within the Osteoarthritis Initiative Study including only individuals without knee osteoarthritis at baseline. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure were assessed at baseline, 12-, 24-, and 36-month visits. Knee radiographs at baseline, 12-, 24-, 36- and 48-month visits defined radiographic osteoarthritis, Kellgren and Lawrence grade ≥2. We performed logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, NSAID use, number of antihypertensive medications, diabetic medications, and cholesterol medications. One thousand nine hundred and thirty people (6040 observations) were included. Annual incidence rates of radiographic osteoarthritis by systolic blood pressure quartiles (lowest to highest) were 2.1, 3.4, 3.7, and 3.7%. Fully adjusted odds ratios of incident radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) for the 2nd-4th quartiles were 1.6, 1.7, and 1.6 relative to the lowest quartile (p for trend = 0.03). Pulse pressure results were similar. There was no association with diastolic blood pressure. Compared to those not taking any antihypertensive medications, those taking ≥3 had decreased odds (0.4, 0.1-1.0) of developing incident OA. In a US cohort, higher systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure are associated with increased incidence of radiographic knee osteoarthritis while treatment with ≥3 antihypertensive medications was associated with reduced incidence. These findings suggest a new and promising avenue for research on disease modification in knee osteoarthritis.
Topics: Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Incidence; Knee Joint; Logistic Models; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Radiography; Risk Factors; Systole; Time Factors; United States
PubMed: 28573369
DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3656-z -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023Transitioning from marriage to widowhood presents inevitable and significant challenges for many older adults. This study explored the impact of widowhood on a range of...
BACKGROUND
Transitioning from marriage to widowhood presents inevitable and significant challenges for many older adults. This study explored the impact of widowhood on a range of mental health outcomes, including pulse pressure and fasting blood glucose levels, among older adults in nursing homes.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study utilized cluster random sampling to recruit participants, with data analyzed from 388 older Chinese adults. Psychosocial traits were assessed using the Perceived Social Support from Family scale (PSS-Fa) for family support, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) for anxiety symptoms, and the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to control for confounding factors. A multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to explore the relationship between widowhood, mental health outcomes, pulse pressure, and fasting blood glucose levels.
RESULTS
After applying PSM, the sample size was refined to 268 ( = 134 for both married and widowed groups) from the initial 388, excluding 120 unmatched cases. Widowed older adults were found to have notably lower family support ( = -0.81, = 0.002), increased depressive symptoms ( = 1.04, = 0.043), elevated pulse pressure ( = 8.90, < 0.001), and higher fasting blood glucose levels ( = 3.22, = 0.027). These associations exhibited greater beta values compared to pre-matching analysis.
CONCLUSION
Our findings revealed that widowed participants had reduced family support, an increased risk of depressive symptoms, heightened pulse pressure, and elevated fasting blood glucose in comparison to their married counterparts. Interventions focusing on social support, mental health, and cardiovascular well-being could be advantageous for this at-risk group.
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Aged; Widowhood; Blood Glucose; Mental Health; Blood Pressure; Cross-Sectional Studies; Propensity Score
PubMed: 37954046
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1257133 -
BMC Neurology Apr 2022Growing evidence suggests that vascular risk factors, especially hypertension, relate not only to cardiovascular disease but also to cognitive impairment. However, the...
BACKGROUND
Growing evidence suggests that vascular risk factors, especially hypertension, relate not only to cardiovascular disease but also to cognitive impairment. However, the impact of pulse pressure on cognitive function remains controversial. In this study, we evaluated the associations between pulse pressure and cognitive function in a Japanese health examination cohort using propensity matching analysis.
METHODS
We examined 2,546 individuals with a mean age of 60.8 ± 10.3 years who voluntarily participated in health examination. Clinical variables included pulse pressure, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We divided the participants into the high and low pulse pressure groups with a pre-defined cut-off value of 65 mmHg and evaluated their physical examination data, cognitive functions including Okabe's test, Kohs' test, and silent brain lesions using propensity matching. To clarify whether pulse pressure and blood pressure have different implications for cognitive function, a mediating analysis was also conducted.
RESULTS
From the 2,546 subjects, 439 (17.2%) were in the high PP group. The propensity matching algorithm produced 433 pairs of patients with similar propensities. Higher pulse pressure corresponded to lower Okabe and Kohs' scores (44.3 ± 7.1 vs 42.7 ± 7.5; p = 0.002, 97.9 ± 18.0 vs 95.0 ± 18.1 p = 0.019, respectively). The relationship between pulse pressure and cognitive impairment was not significantly mediated by systolic blood pressure. We observed no significant associations between silent brain lesions and pulse pressure.
CONCLUSION
High pulse pressure was associated with lower cognitive performance without systolic blood pressure mediation in Japanese subjects without dementia.
Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Hypertension; Japan; Middle Aged
PubMed: 35410174
DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02666-6 -
Journal of Clinical Hypertension... May 2022The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential causal relationships between blood pressure and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by using the bidirectional...
The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential causal relationships between blood pressure and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by using the bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Summary-level data for blood pressure was extracted from the hitherto largest genome-wide study (GWAS) with 759 601 participants of European-descent. We used 56 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables (IVs) for blood pressure. Summary statistics for IBD were derived from a GWAS with an overall 59 957 participants of European ancestry, of which 109 IVs were selected. Several robust analytical methods, including inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, weighted-median method, MR-Egger regression, MR-PRESSO test, maximum likelihood method, "leave-one-out" and multivariable MR analysis were used to evaluate the causal associations between blood pressure and IBD. Genetically predicted higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) was associated with an increased risk of IBD (odds ratio (OR) = 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.02-1.08, P = .001 by IVW). Subgroup analysis showed that higher SBP was positively associated with Crohn's disease (CD) (OR = 1.06, 95% CI:1.03-1.09, P = 9.18 × 10 ) and ulcerative colitis (UC) (OR = 1.05, 95% CI:1.01-1.09, P = .017) risk, respectively. In reverse-direction MR analysis, the authors observed no evidence for the causal effect of IBD on blood pressure. Our findings suggested that high SBP was associated with an increased risk of IBD (for both UC and CD). Further studies are required to clarify the underlying mechanism of this causal association.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Chronic Disease; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Hypertension; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
PubMed: 35363426
DOI: 10.1111/jch.14477 -
Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine Nov 2021Blood pressure (BP) is an independent and important factor for chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.
BACKGROUND
Blood pressure (BP) is an independent and important factor for chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.
METHODS
We firstly conducted twin modeling analyses to explore the heritability of BP, including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse pressure (PP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP), and then performed genome-wide association studies to explore the associated genomic loci, genes, and pathways.
RESULTS
A total of 380 Chinese twin pairs were included. The AE model containing additive genetic parameter (A) and unique/non-shared environmental parameter (E) was the best fit model, with A accounting for 53.7%, 50.1%, 48.1%, and 53.3% for SBP, DBP, PP and MAP, respectively. No SNP was found to reach the genome-wide significance level (p < 5 × 10 ), however, three, four, 14 and nine SNPs were found to exceed suggestive significance level (p < 1 × 10 ) for SBP, DBP, PP, and MAP, respectively. And after imputation, 46, 37, 91 and 61 SNPs were found to exceed the suggestive significance level for SBP, DBP, PP, and MAP, respectively. In gene-based analysis, 53 common genes were found among SBP, DBP, PP, and MAP. In pathway enrichment analysis, 672, 706, 701, and 596 biological pathways were associated with SBP, DBP, PP, and MAP, respectively (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Our study suggests that BP is moderately heritable in the Chinese population and could be mediated by a series of genomic loci, genes, and pathways. Future larger-scale studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Blood Pressure; China; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Twins
PubMed: 34586716
DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1828 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2023Data on the relationship between arterial pulsatile hemodynamics and aortic root geometry, using invasive hemodynamic measurement, has been scarce. Thus, this study...
Data on the relationship between arterial pulsatile hemodynamics and aortic root geometry, using invasive hemodynamic measurement, has been scarce. Thus, this study aimed to assess the relationship between invasively measured aortic pulse pressure (aPP) and the diameter of ascending aorta (AoD). We analyzed 665 subjects (64.3 ± 11.0 years; 34.6% female) who underwent elective invasive coronary angiography (ICA) for the evaluation of coronary artery disease. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed on the same day, and AoD was measured at the level of 1 cm above the sinotubular junction at the end-diastole. Body surface area (BSA)-adjusted AoD (AoD/BSA) was used for the analysis. A pig-tail catheter was used to measure aortic pressures at a level approximately 3 cm above the aortic valve just before ICA. aPP was calculated as the difference between systolic and diastolic pressures of the aorta. In multiple linear regression analyses, aPP (β = 0.259; P < 0.001) was found to be significantly correlated with AoD/BSA even after controlling for potential confounders. This correlation power was stronger than aortic systolic pressure (β = 0.189; P < 0.001) and brachial pulse pressure (β = 0.091; P = 0.018) at the same multivariable analyses. In conclusion, our study demonstrated a significant association between invasively measured aPP and AoD/BSA, providing stronger evidence for the link between central aortic pulsatile hemodynamics and aortic root geometry.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Arterial Pressure; Aorta, Thoracic; Aorta; Blood Pressure; Coronary Artery Disease
PubMed: 38036600
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48597-1 -
The Nigerian Postgraduate Medical... 2022Hypertension is the largest contributor to the global burden of disease. Emerging risk factors for cardiovascular disease include blood pressure variability (BPV), but...
BACKGROUND
Hypertension is the largest contributor to the global burden of disease. Emerging risk factors for cardiovascular disease include blood pressure variability (BPV), but evidence on BPV is lacking among older Nigerians. We reported BPV in a cohort of older persons at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan.
METHODS
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of respondents aged >50 years within the Ibadan Ambulatory Blood Pressure Registry at the UCH, Ibadan, Nigeria. Socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits and anthropometric measurements were obtained.
RESULTS
Among 639 respondents, 332 (52.0%) were female. The blood pressure (BP) variables were strongly associated with age. Compared with younger age groups, mean diastolic BP (DBP) was less at an older age, whereas mean pulse pressure was greater. During the wake-up and sleep periods, mean DBP and mean arterial BP were less with each increasing age category, whereas mean pulse pressure was larger with each increasing age category. BP dipping, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial BP decreased with age. Overall, timed BPV increased significantly with increasing age. The prevalence of white-coat hypertension was greater among older participants than younger participants. Most respondents in the 50-59 years' age group were non-dippers (55.8%), whereas 33.7% of older respondents were reverse-dippers.
CONCLUSION
Older persons experienced a greater abnormal circadian blood variation and greater BPV than younger people. In Nigeria, follow-up data are needed to determine the prognostic significance of these data in this population.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Circadian Rhythm; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35900456
DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_24_22 -
American Journal of Hypertension Oct 2019To compare in individuals with type 1 diabetes the prediction of incident coronary artery disease (CAD) by components of resting blood pressure-systolic, diastolic,... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
To compare in individuals with type 1 diabetes the prediction of incident coronary artery disease (CAD) by components of resting blood pressure-systolic, diastolic, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure.
METHODS
In 605 participants without known CAD at baseline and followed sequentially for 25 years, we used Cox modeling built for each blood pressure component associated with incident CAD, overall and stratified by age (<35 and ≥35 years) or hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (<9% and ≥9%).
RESULTS
Baseline mean age and diabetes duration were 27 and 19 years, respectively. We observed an early asymptote and then fall in diastolic blood pressure in their late 30s and early 40s in this group of type 1 diabetes individuals, followed by an early rise of pulse pressure. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) (95% con) for CAD associated with 1 SD pressure increase were 1.35 (1.17, 1.56) for systolic pressure; 1.30 (1.12, 1.51) for diastolic pressure; 1.20 (1.03, 1.39) for pulse pressure; and 1.35 (1.17, 1.56) for mean arterial pressure. Pulse pressure emerged as a strong predictor of CAD at age ≥ 35 years (HR: 1.49 [1.15, 1.94]) and for HbA1c ≥ 9% (HR: 1.32 [1.01, 1.72]).
CONCLUSIONS
Individuals with type 1 diabetes may manifest early vascular aging by an early decline in diastolic blood pressure and rise in pulse pressure, the latter parameter becoming a comparable to systolic blood pressure in predictor incident CAD in those aged over 35 years and those with poor glycemic control.
Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Arterial Pressure; Biomarkers; Blood Pressure; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Incidence; Male; Pennsylvania; Prognosis; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Time Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 31214692
DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpz099