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Epidemiology and Infection Apr 2016We set out to investigate whether Salmonella enterica could be recovered from various tissues of viable neonatal calves immediately following parturition. Eleven samples...
We set out to investigate whether Salmonella enterica could be recovered from various tissues of viable neonatal calves immediately following parturition. Eleven samples were aseptically collected from each of 20 calves and consisted of both left and right subiliac and prescapular lymph nodes (LN), mesenteric LN, spleen and liver, as well as intestinal tissue (including luminal contents) from the small intestine, caecum, spiral colon and rectum. In addition, a faecal sample was collected from 19 of the dams. Salmonella was recovered from at least one sample from 10 of the 20 neonates. Across all calves, Salmonella was recovered from 12·7% of all samples and from LN in particular, Salmonella was recovered from 10·0%, 5·0%, and 5·0% of subiliac, prescapular, and mesenteric LN, respectively. Within calves, Salmonella was recovered from 0% to 73% of samples and across tissues, estimates of Salmonella prevalence were greatest in the caecum (30%) but was never recovered from the right pre-scapular LN. These data provide evidence of vertical transmission from a dam to her fetus such that viable calves are born already infected and thereby not requiring faecal-oral exposure for transmission. This new knowledge ought to challenge - or at least add to - existing paradigms of Salmonella transmission dynamics within cattle herds.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Female; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Salmonella enterica; United States
PubMed: 26419321
DOI: 10.1017/S0950268815002241 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jun 2021RASopathies are a group of developmental disorders caused by dominant mutations in genes that encode components of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cell...
RASopathies are a group of developmental disorders caused by dominant mutations in genes that encode components of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cell signaling pathway. The goal of this study was to characterize the pathological phenotype of a Romagnola stillborn calf with skeletal-cardio-enteric dysplasia and to identify a genetic cause by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The calf showed reduced fetal growth, a short-spine, a long and narrow face, cardiac defects and heterotopy of the spiral colon. Genetic analysis revealed a private heterozygous missense variant in p.Arg179Trp, located in the protein kinase domain in the calf, and not found in more than 4500 control genomes including its sire. The identified variant affecting a conserved residue was predicted to be deleterious and most likely occurred de novo. This represents the first example of a dominant acting, and most likely pathogenic, variant in in domestic animals, thereby providing the first -related large animal model, especially in respect to the enteric malformation. In addition, this study demonstrates the utility of WGS-based precise diagnostics for understanding sporadic congenital syndromic anomalies in cattle and the general utility of continuous surveillance for rare hereditary defects in cattle.
PubMed: 34209498
DOI: 10.3390/ani11071931 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Sep 2021Three eastern bongos (Tragelaphus eurycerus isaaci) presented acutely with hemorrhagic diarrhea at the Singapore Zoo, thought to be caused by a mouldy batch of hay....
Three eastern bongos (Tragelaphus eurycerus isaaci) presented acutely with hemorrhagic diarrhea at the Singapore Zoo, thought to be caused by a mouldy batch of hay. Repeated fecal tests were negative of parasites and common gastrointestinal bacteria including salmonella and campylobacter. The diarrhea resolved for all individuals after a week of leaf-only diet. However, 2 individuals developed signs of colic. Both animals were anesthetized for examination including blood tests and imaging studies. The findings were consistent of gastrointestinal ileus and a possible impaction. With intensive treatment involving repeated sedations for fluid therapy administration and treatments for gastrointestinal impaction, one individual eventually made a full recovery, but the other individual died due to septic peritonitis secondary to a rupture in the spiral colon. Persistent supportive therapy may be vital in treating severe gastrointestinal disease in this species.
Topics: Animals; Antelopes; Diet; Enteritis; Singapore
PubMed: 34248105
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0096 -
Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022Small bowel and ileocecal diseases remain a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, despite the introduction of various modalities for deep enteroscopy. Novel Motorized...
Small bowel and ileocecal diseases remain a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, despite the introduction of various modalities for deep enteroscopy. Novel Motorized Spiral Enteroscopy is an innovative technology that uses an overtube with a raised spiral at the distal end to pleat the small intestine. It consumes less time and meets both the diagnostic and therapeutic needs of small bowel diseases. The objective of this article is to highlight the possibility of using NMSE as an alternative technique when a target lesion is inaccessible during conventional colonoscopy or cecal intubation cannot be achieved. We report the case of a 61-year-old man who presented with pain in the right lower abdominal segment, diarrhea, and rapid weight loss for more than 3 months. An initial ultrasound showed a suspicious liver metastasis. Computerized tomography scans showed an extensive ileocecal tumor mass with liver metastasis. The colonoscopy was unsuccessful and incomplete due to dolichocolon and intestinal tortuosity. Later, endoscopy was performed using a Novel Motorized Spiral Enteroscope in a retrograde approach, passing the scope through the anus and colon up to the ileocecal segment, where a tumor biopsy was performed and adenocarcinoma was pathohistologically confirmed.
PubMed: 36278578
DOI: 10.3390/diseases10040079 -
Iranian Journal of Pathology 2022It is very rare for colorectal neoplasms to metastasize to the heart in the worldwide medical literature; only a single case of well-documented colorectal cancer...
It is very rare for colorectal neoplasms to metastasize to the heart in the worldwide medical literature; only a single case of well-documented colorectal cancer metastasis to the left atrium was found. The case of a 66-year-old man is explained in this paper, who was suffering from metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon that included the left atrium. In transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography, a large multilobulated mass was present in the left atrium. An accidental pulmonary mass was also seen in a lung spiral CT scan. The cardiac mass was taken out, and a biopsy was obtained from the pulmonary mass. Adenocarcinoma was seen in histological assessment. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out to examine the expression of cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 20, and caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) to determine the origin of the adenocarcinoma. In addition, the expression of these proteins was linked to the attributes of the patient and tumor. Post-surgical transesophageal echocardiography showed normal left ventricle and right ventricle function with no evidence of left atrium mass. Therefore, we suggest that asymptomatic cancer patients with a history of colorectal cancer and who have developed cardiac symptoms should be immediately examined for potential cardiac metastasis.
PubMed: 36532640
DOI: 10.30699/IJP.2022.551822.2874 -
Alternative Therapies in Health and... Mar 2024Colon cancer is a common malignant tumor that often leads to intestinal obstruction, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Early and accurate diagnosis of...
BACKGROUND
Colon cancer is a common malignant tumor that often leads to intestinal obstruction, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Early and accurate diagnosis of colon cancer and associated ileus is crucial for timely treatment and improved patient outcomes. Various diagnostic methods, including MSCT and MRI, are currently used in clinical practice. However, the optimal imaging approach for accurate diagnosis remains uncertain.
OBJECTIVE
To study the value and accuracy of multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) combined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing colon cancer obstruction.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis was performed on 100 cases of colon cancer and ileus patients admitted to the Hai'an Hospital of Chinese Medicine from January 2019 to July 2020. The cases were randomly divided into control and experimental groups, with 50 cases in each. The control group was diagnosed with MSCT, and the experimental group was diagnosed with MRI based on the control group. The positive and negative detection rates, test accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were compared between the 2 groups. The area under the curve (AUC), quality of life (QOL) score, and mental status scale in non-psychiatric settings (MSSNS) score were calculated with the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) and compared between the 2 groups.
RESULTS
The test accuracy, positive detection rate, negative detection rate, test specificity, sensitivity, and AUC of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group, and the results were statistically significant (P < .05). There was no significant difference in the QOL and the MSSNS scores between the 2 groups (P > .05).
CONCLUSION
MSCT combined with MRI has a high application value in diagnosing colon cancer obstruction patients, and can significantly improve the test's accuracy, specificity and sensitivity.
PubMed: 38466066
DOI: No ID Found -
Veterinary Sciences Nov 2019Exposure of neonates to subsp. (MAP) via infected dams is the primary mode of transmission of Johne's disease. Little is known about the impacts of feeding colostrum...
Exposure of neonates to subsp. (MAP) via infected dams is the primary mode of transmission of Johne's disease. Little is known about the impacts of feeding colostrum and supplemental vitamins on the gut microbiome in calves exposed to MAP. In the present study, calves were assigned at birth to one of six treatment groups: (1) Colostrum deprived (CD), no vitamins; (2) colostrum replacer (CR), no vitamins; (3) CR, vitamin A; (4) CR, vitamin D; (5) CR, vitamin E; (6) CR, vitamins A, D, E, with five calves per treatment in a 14-day study. All calves were orally inoculated with MAP on days 1 and 3 of the study. Differences due to vitamin supplementation were not significant but treatment groups CR-A, CR-E, and CR-ADE had higher numbers of MAP-positive tissues overall. Shannon diversity indices demonstrated regional differences in microbial communities, primarily Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes, between the ileum, cecum, and spiral colon of all calves. CD calves exhibited increased richness compared with CR calves in the cecum and spiral colon and harbored increased Proteobacteria and decreased Bacteroidetes in the mucosa compared with the lumen for all three tissues. Overall, supplementation with vitamins did not appear to influence gut microbiome or impact MAP infection. Feeding of colostrum influenced gut microbiome and resulted in fewer incidences of dysbiosis.
PubMed: 31756892
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci6040093 -
F1000Research 2022Caecal volvulus (CV) is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction, defined by an axial torsion of the caecum, ascending colon, and terminal ileum around the mesenteric...
Caecal volvulus (CV) is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction, defined by an axial torsion of the caecum, ascending colon, and terminal ileum around the mesenteric vascular pedicles, leading to ischemia and bowel necrosis. A 20-year-old woman, with no significant medical history, was admitted for generalized abdominal pain evolving for three days, along with constipation and abdominal distension, but with no vomiting. Physical examination showed a generalized abdominal tenderness with no rigidity or rebound tenderness, associated with abdominal distension and tympanic upon percussion. Laboratory findings were within normal limits. An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed distension of a loop of the large bowel with its long axis extending from the right lower quadrant to the epigastrium or left upper quadrant. Colonic haustral pattern was absent. An abdominal computed tomography scan showed a rounded focal collection of air-distended bowel with haustral creases in the upper left quadrant. In addition, spiraled loops of the collapsed cecum (giving a whirl sign) were noted, along with low-attenuating fatty mesentery from the twisted bowel. The patient underwent an emergency laparotomy and caecectomy using GEA 80 charges. The patient had no complaints post-operation. CV is a rare cause of bowel obstruction, mainly caused by an exceedingly mobile caecum. Despite its rareness, CV represents the second most common cause of large bowel volvulus, behind sigmoid volvulus. For acute obstruction by CV, it is hard to differentiate it clinically from obstruction of the small bowel; therefore, radiological exams are needed. Surgery is the gold standard treatment for CV. We report a rare case of CV to highlight the rarity of this pathology, specify its diagnostic and therapeutic means, and its clinical and biological evolution.
Topics: Female; Humans; Young Adult; Adult; Intestinal Volvulus; Cecal Diseases; Intestinal Obstruction; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Biopsy
PubMed: 35999844
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.121789.2 -
World Journal of Surgical Oncology Jun 2021Understanding the vascular anatomy is critical for performing central vascular ligation (CVL) in right hemicolectomy with complete mesocolic excision (CME). This study...
Predictive value of computed tomography with coronal reconstruction in right hemicolectomy with complete mesocolic excision for right colon cancers: a retrospective study.
BACKGROUND
Understanding the vascular anatomy is critical for performing central vascular ligation (CVL) in right hemicolectomy with complete mesocolic excision (CME). This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) with coronal reconstruction in right hemicolectomy with CME.
METHODS
This is a retrospective descriptive study. Eighty patients with right colon cancer who underwent right hemicolectomy from December 2015 to January 2020 were included. The intraoperative reports (including imaging data) and MSCT images with coronal reconstruction were analysed and compared. The detection rates of the ileocolic vein (ICV) and ileocolic artery (ICA) roots and the accuracy in predicting their anatomical relationship were analysed. The detection rate and accuracy in predicting the location of the gastrocolic trunk of Henle (GTH), middle colic artery (MCA) and middle colic vein (MCV) were analysed. The distance from the ICV root to the GTH root (ICV-GTH distance) was measured and analysed. The maximum distance from the left side of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) to the right side of the superior mesenteric vein (SMV), named the 'lsSMA-rsSMV distance', was also measured and analysed.
RESULTS
In seventy-four (92.5%) patients, both the ICV and ICA roots were located; their anatomical relationship was determined by MSCT, and the accuracy of the prediction was 97.2% (72/74). The GTH was located by MSCT in 75 (93.7%) patients, and the accuracy of the prediction was 97.33% (73/75). The MCA was located by MSCT in 47 (58.75%) patients, and the accuracy was 78.72% (37/47). The MCV was located by MSCT in 51 (63.75%) patients, and the accuracy of the prediction was 84.31% (43/51). The ICV-GTH distance was measured in 73 (91.2%) patients, and the mean distance was 4.28 ± 2.5 cm. The lsSMA-rsSMV distance was measured in 76 (95%) patients, and the mean distance was 2.21 ± 0.6 cm.
CONCLUSIONS
With its satisfactory accuracy in predicting and visualising the information of key anatomical sites, MSCT with coronary reconstruction has some predictive value in CME with CVL in right hemicolectomy.
Topics: Colectomy; Colonic Neoplasms; Humans; Laparoscopy; Mesocolon; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 34183028
DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02307-1 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Sep 2017OBJECTIVE To evaluate the reasons for and outcomes of gastrointestinal tract surgery in pet pigs. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 11 pigs. PROCEDURES The...
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the reasons for and outcomes of gastrointestinal tract surgery in pet pigs. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 11 pigs. PROCEDURES The medical record database of a teaching hospital was searched to identify pet pigs that underwent at least 1 celiotomy because of a possible gastrointestinal tract obstruction between 2004 and 2015. For each pig, information extracted from the medical record included history; signalment; clinical signs; physical examination, diagnostic imaging, and diagnostic test results; perioperative management; surgical diagnosis, duration, and procedures performed; postoperative complications; and outcome. Descriptive data were generated. RESULTS 11 pet pigs underwent 12 celiotomies during the study period. Five pigs with intestinal obstructions caused by foreign bodies survived to hospital discharge. Four pigs were euthanized during surgery: 2 because of extensive adhesions that prevented correction of an intestinal obstruction, 1 because of a perforated spiral colon, and 1 because of neoplasia. One pig with a fecal impaction in the spiral colon died during anesthetic recovery. A diagnosis was not achieved for 1 pig, which was euthanized after surgery because of a deteriorating clinical condition. For the pig that underwent 2 celiotomies, the first procedure was an enterotomy for removal of a foreign body, and the second was an intestinal bypass of a stricture caused by adhesions at the previous enterotomy site. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated prognosis was good for pet pigs following surgical removal of gastrointestinal foreign bodies; however, the presence or development of intra-abdominal adhesions appeared to adversely affect prognosis.
Topics: Animals; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Male; Pets; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Swine; Swine Diseases; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28857699
DOI: 10.2460/javma.251.6.714