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Frontiers in Microbiology 2022spp. colonize commensally on the human skin. Some commensal coagulase-negative staphylococci and are also involved in nosocomial infections. Bacteria were collected...
spp. colonize commensally on the human skin. Some commensal coagulase-negative staphylococci and are also involved in nosocomial infections. Bacteria were collected from skin healed from pressure injury (PI). After the collection time points, some patients suffered from recurrent PI (RPI). This study analyzed the characteristics of spp. on healed skin before recurrence between healed skin that suffered from RPI within 6 weeks (RPI group) and healed skin that did not suffer within the duration (non-RPI group) by spp.-specific sequencing. Of the seven patients in the RPI group, two were dominated by and four by , coagulase-negative human commensal staphylococci in the RPI group. Using mouse models, both and , but not , colonized on skin healed from injury at significantly higher rates than normal skin. Although subcutaneous injection of did not induce lesion formation, the bacterium exhibited high hemolytic activity on human red blood cells. Lesion formation by subcutaneous injection of was significantly suppressed in the presence of . The hemolytic activity of rabbit blood cells of was suppressed by , whereas the hemolytic activity of was dramatically suppressed by . Data indicated that each of the two spp. suppresses the pathogenicity of the other and that the imbalance between the two is associated with RPI.
PubMed: 35300478
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.818398 -
Genome Biology and Evolution Sep 2021Members of the gram-positive bacterial genus Staphylococcus have historically been classified into coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (CoPS) and coagulase-negative...
Members of the gram-positive bacterial genus Staphylococcus have historically been classified into coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (CoPS) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) based on the diagnostic presentation of the coagulase protein. Previous studies have noted the importance of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and recombination in the more well-known CoPS species Staphylococcus aureus, yet little is known of the contributions of these processes in CoNS evolution. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships, genomic characteristics, and frequencies of HGT in CoNS, which are now being recognized as major opportunistic pathogens of humans. We compiled a data set of 1,876 publicly available named CoNS genomes. These can be delineated into 55 species based on allele differences in 462 core genes and variation in accessory gene content. CoNS species are a reservoir of transferrable genes associated with resistance to diverse classes of antimicrobials. We also identified nine types of the mobile genetic element SCCmec, which carries the methicillin resistance determinant mecA. Other frequently transferred genes included those associated with resistance to heavy metals, surface-associated proteins related to virulence and biofilm formation, type VII secretion system, iron capture, recombination, and metabolic enzymes. The highest frequencies of receipt and donation of recombined DNA fragments were observed in Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus caprae, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and members of the Saprophyticus species group. The variable rates of recombination and biases in transfer partners imply that certain CoNS species function as hubs of gene flow and major reservoir of genetic diversity for the entire genus.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Coagulase; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phylogeny; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus
PubMed: 34498042
DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab206 -
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology,... Oct 2023Human breastmilk (BM) is important for microbiome maturation in infants across different body sites. Streptococcus and Staphylococcus are considered universally...
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE(S)
Human breastmilk (BM) is important for microbiome maturation in infants across different body sites. Streptococcus and Staphylococcus are considered universally predominant genera in the BM microbiota. However, whether the differential abundance of Streptococcus and Staphylococcus in BM can differentially affect microbiome maturation in infants remains unclear.
METHODS
We recruited exclusively breastfeeding mothers from among the donors of the human milk bank established at National Cheng-Kung University Hospital. The donor mothers provided 35 BM samples at three months (3 M; before introducing children to complementary feeding) and 23 BM samples at six months (6 M; after introducing children to complementary feeding) postpartum. At both time points, samples from different body sites, including nasal swabs, oral swabs and stool, were collected from the mothers and their infants.
RESULTS
Maternal BMI was inversely associated with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) abundance in breastmilk. Staphylococcus caprae representation in BM CoNS showed a negative correlation with Streptococcus abundance. Network analysis revealed that infants fed Staphylococcus-dominated BM had better gut and nasal microbiota networks than infants fed Streptococcus-abundant BM during early infancy.
CONCLUSION
Our work suggests that maternal metabolic status plays a crucial role in Staphylococcus/Streptococcus competition in BM, which in turn can impact the development of the infant microbiota. Our microbiota co-occurrence network analysis might serve as a helpful bioinformatic tool to monitor microbiota maturation during early infancy.
Topics: Female; Child; Infant; Humans; Milk, Human; Microbiota; Streptococcus; Mothers
PubMed: 37544808
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2023.07.005 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Dec 2014Staphylococcus caprae has been recently classified as a human pathogen, but the incidence of S. caprae in human bone and joint infections (BJIs) is under-reported. In...
Staphylococcus caprae has been recently classified as a human pathogen, but the incidence of S. caprae in human bone and joint infections (BJIs) is under-reported. In this study, we report 25 cases of S. caprae BJI, and we review the 31 cases published in the literature. Molecular techniques and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry improved the identification of clinically relevant S. caprae strains. In this study, 96% of S. caprae BJIs were localized to the lower limbs, and 88% of the cases involved orthopaedic device infections. S. caprae joint prosthesis infections (JPIs), internal osteosynthesis device infections (I-ODIs) and BJIs without orthopaedic device infections were recorded in 60%, 28% and 12% of cases, respectively. Ten (40%) S. caprae BJIs were polymicrobial infections. These infections were associated with past histories of malignancy (p 0.024). Of the 14 bacterial species related to S. caprae BJI, 57% were staphylococci. I-ODIs were significantly associated with polymicrobial infections (p 0.0068), unlike JPIs, which were monomicrobial infections (p 0.0344). Treatment with rifampicin and fluoroquinolone was recorded in 40% of cases. Surgical treatment was performed in 76% of cases, e.g. prosthesis removal (36%), osteosynthesis device removal (24%), and surgical debridement (16%). Thirty per cent of cases were not treated. Relapses were observed mainly in the patients treated by surgical debridement only (p 0.033). In summary, S. caprae BJI is an underestimated hospital-acquired emerging infection. S. caprae BJI is correlated with infections in orthopaedic devices, which must be removed to control the infection.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Communicable Diseases, Emerging; Debridement; Drug Therapy; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoarthritis; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Retrospective Studies; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 24975594
DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12743 -
ACS Omega Oct 2022Plants are an everlasting inspiration source of biologically active compounds. Among these medicinal plants, the biological activity of extracts from some species of the...
Plants are an everlasting inspiration source of biologically active compounds. Among these medicinal plants, the biological activity of extracts from some species of the genus has been studied, but the phytochemistry of the hardy species remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to perform the first phytochemical study of and to identify the compounds responsible for the antibacterial activity of extracts. Soxhlet extraction of predried and grinded leaves was first performed using four increasing polarity solvents. A bio-guided fractionation was performed using agar overlay bioautography as a screening method against 12 Gram-positive, Gram-negative, sensitive, and resistant bacterial strains. The results showed the inhibition of Gram-positive methicillin-sensitive ATCC 29213 (MSSA), methicillin-resistant N-SARM-1 (MRSA), and ATCC 35538 by the dichloromethane fraction. A phytochemical investigation led to the isolation and identification by high-resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance of the two flavones penduletin and viscosine, responsible for this antibacterial activity. For viscosine, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value is equal to 128 μg/mL against MSSA and is equal to 256 μg/mL against MRSA and . The combination of these compounds with vancomycin and cloxacillin showed a decrease in MICs of the antibiotics. Penduletin showed synergistic activity when combined with vancomycin against MSSA (FICI < 0.258) and (FICI < 0.5). Thus, unexplored species may represent a valuable source for potential antibiotics and adjuvants.
PubMed: 36249367
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04195 -
PloS One 2022Five endophytic bacterial isolates were studied to identify morphologically and biochemically, according to established protocols and further confirmed by 16S rDNA...
Five endophytic bacterial isolates were studied to identify morphologically and biochemically, according to established protocols and further confirmed by 16S rDNA Sanger sequencing, as Priestia megaterium, Staphylococcus caprae, Neobacillus drentensis, Micrococcus yunnanensis, and Sphingomonas paucimobiliz, which were then tested for phytohormone, ammonia, and hydrolytic enzyme production. Antioxidant compounds total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) were assessed by using bacterial crude extracts obtained from 24-hour shake-flask culture. Phylogenetic tree analysis of those identified isolates shared sequence similarities with the members of Bacillus, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, and Pseudomonas species, and after GenBank submission, accession numbers for the nucleotide sequences were found to be MW494406, MW494408, MW494401, MW494402, and MZ021340, respectively. In silico analysis was performed to identify their bioactive genes and compounds in the context of bioactive secondary metabolite production with medicinal value, where nine significant bioactive compounds according to six different types of bioactive secondary metabolites were identified, and their structures, gene associations, and protein-protein networks were analyzed by different computational tools and servers, which were reported earlier with their antimicrobial, anti-infective, antioxidant, and anti-cancer capabilities. These compounds were then docked to the 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) of the novel SARS-COV-2. Docking scores were then compared with 3CLpro reference inhibitor (lopinavir), and docked compounds were further subjected to ADMET and drug-likeness analyses. Ligand-protein interactions showed that two compounds (microansamycin and aureusimine) interacted favorably with coronavirus 3CLpro. Besides, in silico analysis, we also performed NMR for metabolite detection whereas three metabolites (microansamycin, aureusimine, and stenothricin) were confirmed from the 1H NMR profiles. As a consequence, the metabolites found from NMR data aligned with our in-silico analysis that carries a significant outcome of this research. Finally, Endophytic bacteria collected from medicinal plants can provide new leading bioactive compounds against target proteins of SARS-COV-2, which could be an effective approach to accelerate drug innovation and development.
Topics: Antioxidants; Bacteria; COVID-19; Humans; Molecular Docking Simulation; Phylogeny; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 35925905
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269962 -
Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and... Dec 2021A novel lipase, SCNL, was isolated from NCU S6 strain in the study. The lipase was purified to homogeneity with a yield of 6.13% and specific activity of 502.76 U/mg,...
A novel lipase, SCNL, was isolated from NCU S6 strain in the study. The lipase was purified to homogeneity with a yield of 6.13% and specific activity of 502.76 U/mg, and its molecular weight was determined to be approximately 87 kDa. SCNL maintained above 80% of its initial activity at a wide range of temperatures (20-50 °C) and pH values (6-11), with an optimal temperature at 40 °C and optimal pH at 9.0 with -nitrophenyl palmitate as a substrate. SCNL exhibited a higher residual activity than the other staphylococcal lipases in the presence of common enzyme inhibitors and commercial detergents. The lipase activity was enhanced by organic solvents (isooctane, glycerol, DMSO and methanol) and metal ions (Na, Ba, Ca, and Mn). The m and max values of SCNL were 0.695 mM and 262.66 smM, respectively. The enzyme showed a preference for -NP stearate, tributyrin and canola oil. These biochemical features of SCNL suggested that it may be an excellent novel lipase candidate for industrial and biotechnological applications.
Topics: Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lipase; Phylogeny; Staphylococcus; Temperature
PubMed: 33327795
DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1861607 -
JMM Case Reports Sep 2017is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus that has been reported in several cases as a human pathogen. However, it has rarely been reported as pathogen in native bone....
is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus that has been reported in several cases as a human pathogen. However, it has rarely been reported as pathogen in native bone. Furthermore, the reported MIC levels noted in the literature for vancomycin were <2 µg mlmaking vancomycin a first line choice for infected patients. We report a case of causing osteomyelitis of the lumbar spine and bacteraemia and resulting in sepsis and ultimately the demise of a patient despite appropriate prolonged antibiotic therapy. has been reported as a human pathogen since 1983 when it was discovered. We report a case involving native bone infection which is rare in the absence of mechanical hardware. Furthermore, this strain had an elevated MIC for vancomycin which has not been reported in the literature.
PubMed: 29114394
DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.005112 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2021Coagulase-positive is a foodborne pathogen considered one of the causes of food-related disease outbreaks. Like , , , and are opportunistic pathogens causing clinical...
Coagulase-positive is a foodborne pathogen considered one of the causes of food-related disease outbreaks. Like , , , and are opportunistic pathogens causing clinical infections and food contamination. The objective of our study was to develop a rapid, accurate, and monitoring technique to detect four species in food. Four novel molecular targets (GntR family transcriptional regulator for , phosphomannomutase for , FAD-dependent urate hydroxylase for , and Gram-positive signal peptide protein for ) were mined based on pan-genome analysis. Primers targeting molecular target genes showed 100% specificity for 100 non-target reference strains. The detection limit in pure cultures and artificially contaminated food samples was 10 colony-forming unit/mL for , , , and . Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction successfully detected strains isolated from various food matrices. Thus, our method allows an accurate and rapid monitoring of species and may help control staphylococcal contamination of food.
PubMed: 34829120
DOI: 10.3390/foods10112839 -
Journal of Dairy Science Jul 2018The most common pathogens causing intramammary infections (IMI) in dairy goats are staphylococci. Gene sequencing has been the reference method for identification of...
The most common pathogens causing intramammary infections (IMI) in dairy goats are staphylococci. Gene sequencing has been the reference method for identification of staphylococcal species, but MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry could represent a rapid and cost-effective alternative method. The objectives were to evaluate the typeability and accuracy of partial gene sequencing and MALDI-TOF for identifying staphylococci isolated from caprine milk samples, and to evaluate the relationship between staphylococcal species IMI, milk somatic cell score (SCS), and milk yield (MY). A composite (goat-level) milk sample was collected from all 940 lactating goats in a single herd. Dairy Herd Information Association test-day data for parity, days in milk, SCS, and MY were retrieved from Dairy Herd Information Association records. Milk samples were cultured on Columbia blood agar, and isolates from samples that yielded a single colony type of a presumptively identified Staphylococcus spp. were identified by PCR amplification and partial sequencing of rpoB, tuf, or 16S-rRNA, and MALDI-TOF. Mixed linear models were used to evaluate the relationship between staphylococcal IMI, SCS, and MY. The goat-level prevalence of staphylococcal IMI based on isolation of a single colony type was 24.4% (213/874). Seventeen goats had a contaminated sample. Among the remaining goats (n = 857), the most common species causing single colony-type IMI were Staphylococcus simulans (7.9%), Staphylococcus xylosus (3.5%), Staphylococcus caprae (3.6%), Staphylococcus chromogenes (2.9%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (2.2%). The typeability of staphylococcal isolates with partial housekeeping gene sequence analysis (rpoB, complemented by tuf and 16S as needed) was 97.7%. The typeability and accuracy of MALDI-TOF were 84 and 100%, respectively. Overall, only Staphylococcus chromogenes IMI was associated with a higher SCS than goats with no growth. After adjusting for parity and stage of lactation, staphylococcal IMI status was not significantly associated with MY. For the staphylococci isolated from goats in this herd, MALDI-TOF proved an accurate method of speciation with a relatively high typeability. An association between staphylococcal IMI, SCS, and MY was not defined using goat-level data with the exception of S. chromogenes IMI, which was associated with a higher SCS than goats with no growth.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Female; Goat Diseases; Goats; Lactation; Mastitis; Milk; Pregnancy; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus
PubMed: 29705416
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14224