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Bioscience Reports Oct 2018This short article provides a comment on the recent article by Tauriainen et al. [ (2018) , BSR20171274 https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20171274].
This short article provides a comment on the recent article by Tauriainen et al. [ (2018) , BSR20171274 https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20171274].
Topics: Bile; Humans; Liver; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Obesity; Sitosterols
PubMed: 30287500
DOI: 10.1042/BSR20180505 -
European Journal of Nutrition Aug 2020Lowering of LDL cholesterol levels by plant sterols and stanols is associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease in humans. Plant sterols and stanols also...
PURPOSE
Lowering of LDL cholesterol levels by plant sterols and stanols is associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease in humans. Plant sterols and stanols also lower triacylglycerol (TG). However, it is not fully understood how reduction in TG is achieved and what the full potential of plant sterols and stanols is on whole-body metabolism. We here hypothesize that high levels of plant sterols and stanols stimulate whole-body energy expenditure, which can be attributed to changes in mitochondrial function of brown adipose tissue (BAT), skeletal muscle and liver.
METHODS
Phytosterolemic mice were fed chow diets for 32 weeks to examine whole-body weight gain. In vitro, 24-h incubation were performed in adipocytes derived from human BAT, human myotubes or HepG2 human hepatocytes using sitosterol or sitostanol. Following mitochondrial function was assessed using seahorse bioanalyzer.
RESULTS
Chow feeding in phytosterolemic mice resulted in diminished increase in body weight compared to control mice. In vitro, sitosterol or sitostanol did not change mitochondrial function in adipocytes derived from human BAT or in cultured human myotubes. Interestingly, maximal mitochondrial function in HepG2 human hepatocytes was decreased following sitosterol or sitostanol incubation, however, only when mitochondrial function was assessed in low glucose-containing medium.
CONCLUSIONS
Beneficial in vivo effects of plant sterols and stanols on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism are well recognized. Our results indicate that alterations in human mitochondrial function are apparently not involved to explain these beneficial effects.
Topics: Adipocytes, Brown; Animals; Hepatocytes; Humans; Mice; Mitochondria; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Phytosterols; Respiration; Sitosterols
PubMed: 31317217
DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02052-y -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) May 2020Fresh pasta was formulated by replacing wheat semolina with 0, 5, 10, and 15 g/100 g () of L. leaf powder (MOLP). The samples (i.e., M0, M5, M10, and M15 as a function...
Fresh pasta was formulated by replacing wheat semolina with 0, 5, 10, and 15 g/100 g () of L. leaf powder (MOLP). The samples (i.e., M0, M5, M10, and M15 as a function of the substitution level) were cooked by boiling. The changes in the phenolic bioaccessibility and the in vitro starch digestibility were considered. On the cooked-to-optimum samples, by means of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight (UHPLC-QTOF) mass spectrometry, 152 polyphenols were putatively annotated with the greatest content recorded for M15 pasta, being 2.19 mg/g dry matter ( < 0.05). Multivariate statistics showed that stigmastanol ferulate (VIP score = 1.22) followed by isomeric forms of kaempferol (VIP scores = 1.19) and other phenolic acids (i.e., schottenol/sitosterol ferulate and 24-methylcholestanol ferulate) were the most affected compounds through the in vitro static digestion process. The inclusion of different levels of MOLP in the recipe increased the slowly digestible starch fractions and decreased the rapidly digestible starch fractions and the starch hydrolysis index of the cooked-to-optimum samples. The present results showed that MOLP could be considered a promising ingredient in fresh pasta formulation.
PubMed: 32422925
DOI: 10.3390/foods9050628 -
BioMed Research International 2019L. (Rubiaceae) is a climber which is widely distributed in Asian countries including Malaysia. The plant is traditionally used to treat various diseases including...
L. (Rubiaceae) is a climber which is widely distributed in Asian countries including Malaysia. The plant is traditionally used to treat various diseases including diabetes. This study is to evaluate the enzymatic inhibition activity of twigs extracts and to identify the metabolites responsible for the bioactivity by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics profiling. Three different twig extracts, namely, hexane (PFH), chloroform (PFC), and methanol (PFM), were submerged for their -amylase and -glucosidase inhibition potential in 5 replicates for each. Results obtained from the loading column scatter plot of orthogonal partial least square (OPLS) model revealed the presence of 12 bioactive compounds, namely, dl--tocopherol, n-hexadecanoic acid, 2-hexyl-1-decanol, stigmastanol, 2-nonadecanone, cholest-8(14)-en-3-ol, 4,4-dimethyl-, (3,5)-, stigmast-4-en-3-one, stigmasterol, 1-ethyl-1-tetradecyloxy-1-silacyclohexane, ɣ-sitosterol, stigmast-7-en-3-ol, (3,5,24S)-, and -monostearin. molecular docking was carried out using the crystal structure -amylase (PDB ID: 4W93) and -glucosidase (PDB ID: 3WY1). -Amylase-n-hexadecanoic acid exhibited the lowest binding energy of -2.28 kcal/mol with two hydrogen bonds residue, namely, LYS178 and TYR174, along with hydrophobic interactions involving PRO140, TRP134, SER132, ASP135, and LYS172. The binding interactions of -glucosidase-n-hexadecanoic acid complex ligand also showed the lowest binding energy among 5 major compounds with the energy value of -4.04 kcal/mol. The complex consists of one hydrogen bond interacting residue, ARG437, and hydrophobic interactions with ALA444, ASP141, GLN438, GLU432, GLY374, LEU373, LEU433, LYS352, PRO347, THR445, HIS348, and PRO351. The study provides informative data on the potential antidiabetic inhibitors identified in twigs, indicating the plant has the therapeutic effect properties to manage diabetes.
Topics: Data Analysis; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Least-Squares Analysis; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Molecular Docking Simulation; Multivariate Analysis; Plant Extracts; Principal Component Analysis; Rubiaceae; alpha-Amylases; alpha-Glucosidases
PubMed: 31275982
DOI: 10.1155/2019/7603125