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Veterinary Research Nov 2022Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic agent that causes sepsis and meningitis in pigs and humans. S. suis infections are responsible for large economic losses in pig... (Review)
Review
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic agent that causes sepsis and meningitis in pigs and humans. S. suis infections are responsible for large economic losses in pig production. The lack of effective vaccines to prevent the disease has promoted the extensive use of antibiotics worldwide. This has been followed by the emergence of resistance against different classes of antibiotics. The rates of resistance to tetracyclines, lincosamides, and macrolides are extremely high, and resistance has spread worldwide. The genetic origin of S. suis resistance is multiple and includes the production of target-modifying and antibiotic-inactivating enzymes and mutations in antibiotic targets. S. suis genomes contain traits of horizontal gene transfer. Many mobile genetic elements carry a variety of genes that confer resistance to antibiotics as well as genes for autonomous DNA transfer and, thus, S. suis can rapidly acquire multiresistance. In addition, S. suis forms microcolonies on host tissues, which are associations of microorganisms that generate tolerance to antibiotics through a variety of mechanisms and favor the exchange of genetic material. Thus, alternatives to currently used antibiotics are highly demanded. A deep understanding of the mechanisms by which S. suis becomes resistant or tolerant to antibiotics may help to develop novel molecules or combinations of antimicrobials to fight these infections. Meanwhile, phage therapy and vaccination are promising alternative strategies, which could alleviate disease pressure and, thereby, antibiotic use.
Topics: Humans; Swine; Animals; Streptococcus suis; Streptococcal Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Macrolides; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 36371221
DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01111-3 -
Nature Communications Apr 2023Synthesis of capsular polysaccharide (CPS), an important virulence factor of pathogenic bacteria, is modulated by the CpsBCD phosphoregulatory system in Streptococcus....
Synthesis of capsular polysaccharide (CPS), an important virulence factor of pathogenic bacteria, is modulated by the CpsBCD phosphoregulatory system in Streptococcus. Serine/threonine kinases (STKs, e.g. Stk1) can also regulate CPS synthesis, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we identify a protein (CcpS) that is phosphorylated by Stk1 and modulates the activity of phosphatase CpsB in Streptococcus suis, thus linking Stk1 to CPS synthesis. The crystal structure of CcpS shows an intrinsically disordered region at its N-terminus, including two threonine residues that are phosphorylated by Stk1. The activity of phosphatase CpsB is inhibited when bound to non-phosphorylated CcpS. Thus, CcpS modulates the activity of phosphatase CpsB thereby altering CpsD phosphorylation, which in turn modulates the expression of the Wzx-Wzy pathway and thus CPS production.
Topics: Phosphorylation; Streptococcus suis; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Bacterial Capsules
PubMed: 37120581
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38210-4 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Dec 2019Streptococcus suis is an emerging agent of zoonotic bacterial meningitis in Asia. We describe the epidemiology of S. suis cases and clinical signs and microbiological...
Streptococcus suis is an emerging agent of zoonotic bacterial meningitis in Asia. We describe the epidemiology of S. suis cases and clinical signs and microbiological findings in persons with meningitis in Bali, Indonesia, using patient data and bacterial cultures of cerebrospinal fluid collected during 2014-2017. We conducted microbiological assays using the fully automatic VITEK 2 COMPACT system. We amplified and sequenced gene fragments of glutamate dehydrogenase and recombination/repair protein and conducted PCR serotyping to confirm some serotypes. Of 71 cases, 44 were confirmed as S. suis; 29 isolates were serotype 2. The average patient age was 48.1 years, and 89% of patients were male. Seventy-seven percent of patients with confirmed cases recovered without complications; 11% recovered with septic shock, 7% with deafness, and 2% with deafness and arthritis. The case-fatality rate was 11%. Awareness of S. suis infection risk must be increased in health promotion activities in Bali.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacterial Proteins; Biomarkers; DNA Restriction Enzymes; Female; Geography, Medical; History, 21st Century; Humans; Indonesia; Male; Meningitis, Pneumococcal; Middle Aged; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Public Health Surveillance; Serotyping; Streptococcus suis; Symptom Assessment
PubMed: 31742523
DOI: 10.3201/eid2512.181709 -
Current Issues in Molecular Biology 2019() is an important zoonotic pathogen that causes huge economic losses in the pig industry, as well as severe illness and even death in humans. The outbreak of human... (Review)
Review
() is an important zoonotic pathogen that causes huge economic losses in the pig industry, as well as severe illness and even death in humans. The outbreak of human infection of in China in 2005 led to significant human morbidity and death, prompting an increase in global studies of . In recent years, important advances have been made regarding the etiology, genomics, excavation of virulence genes, and vaccine research in . A number of countries and regions have identified their predominantly serotypes. The development of genome sequencing technology has laid an important foundation for the study of pathogenic mechanisms. For example, 89K PAI was found in representative virulence strains in China, and several studies have been carried out to confirm multiple genes which carries are closely related to virulence. Also, the functions of some regulatory genes represented by the two-component signal transduction system have been analyzed. The development of inactivated vaccines, natural avirulent vaccines, gene-deletion attenuated vaccines, subunit vaccines, and glycoconjugate vaccines have greatly contributed to the prevention and control of the disease in the future. This article aims to summarize the research progress to provide directions for future research and the prevention of .
Topics: Animals; China; Disease Outbreaks; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Gene Regulatory Networks; Genes, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Humans; Prevalence; Signal Transduction; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcal Vaccines; Streptococcus suis; Swine; Swine Diseases; Vaccines, Attenuated; Vaccines, Subunit; Virulence
PubMed: 31166178
DOI: 10.21775/cimb.032.473 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2015Streptococcus suis is the most common cause of meningitis in pork consuming and pig rearing countries in South-East Asia. We performed a systematic review of studies on... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Streptococcus suis is the most common cause of meningitis in pork consuming and pig rearing countries in South-East Asia. We performed a systematic review of studies on S. suis meningitis to define the clinical characteristics, predisposing factors and outcome.
METHODOLOGY
Studies published between January 1, 1980 and August 1, 2015 were identified from main literature databases and reference lists. Studies were included if they were written in West-European languages and described at least 5 adult patients with S. suis meningitis in whom at least one clinical characteristic was described.
FINDINGS
We identified 913 patients with S. suis meningitis included in 24 studies between 1980 and 2015. The mean age was 49 years and 581 of 711 patients were male (82%). Exposure to pigs or pork was present in 395 of 648 patients (61%) while other predisposing factors were less common. 514 of 528 patients presented with fever (97%), 429 of 451 with headache (95%), 462 of 496 with neck stiffness (93%) and 78 of 384 patients (20%) had a skin injury in the presence of pig/pork contact. The case fatality rate was 2.9% and hearing loss was a common sequel occurring in 259 of 489 patients (53%). Treatment included dexamethasone in 157 of 300 (52%) of patients and was associated with reduced hearing loss in S. suis meningitis patients included in a randomized controlled trial.
CONCLUSION
S. suis meningitis has a clear association with pig and pork contact. Mortality is low, but hearing loss occurs frequently. Dexamethasone was shown to reduce hearing loss.
Topics: Age Distribution; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Asia, Southeastern; Dexamethasone; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Meningitis, Bacterial; Mortality; Occupational Exposure; Risk Factors; Sex Distribution; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus suis; Swine
PubMed: 26505485
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004191 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2020Diseases caused by are a significant economic and welfare concern in pigs as well as in humans. Several molecular methods have been applied to investigate S. suis... (Review)
Review
Diseases caused by are a significant economic and welfare concern in pigs as well as in humans. Several molecular methods have been applied to investigate S. suis strain diversity and identify phylogenetic groups. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), commonly used to differentiate between strains, has been instrumental in identifying that the species is genetically highly diverse. Recent advances in whole-genome analysis have resulted in schemes permitting the classification of S. suis populations as pathogenic or non-pathogenic, or disease-associated or non-disease associated. Here, we review these and other molecular approaches that can be used for surveillance, outbreak tracking, preventative health management, effective treatment and control, as well as vaccine development, including PCR based-assays that are easy to apply in modest diagnostic settings and which allow for the rapid screening of a large number of isolates at relatively low cost, granting the identification of several major clonal complexes of the population.
PubMed: 32012668
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9020081 -
Microbiology Spectrum Feb 2022To investigate the presence and location of (T) in clinical Streptococcus suis isolates and explore the transmission ability and fitness cost of (T)-carrying mobile...
To investigate the presence and location of (T) in clinical Streptococcus suis isolates and explore the transmission ability and fitness cost of (T)-carrying mobile genetic elements among S. suis isolates, MICs were determined by broth microdilution. The presence of (T) in S. suis was detected by PCR. The genetic environment of (T) in S. suis was explored by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis. Intraspecies and interspecies transmission were examined by electrotransformation. The fitness cost associated with the carriage of an (T)-harboring plasmid or an integrative and conjugative element (ICE) was examined by competition experiments. Of 237 nonduplicate strains, (T) was detected in 2 S. suis strains (SC262-ST954 and SC117-ST1314), with its location on a 5,125-bp plasmid in S. suis SC262 and on a 64,013-bp ICESC117 in S. suis SC117, respectively. Both the (T)-carrying plasmid pSC262 and the ICESC117 were transmissible by transformation. Plasmid pSC262 can replicate and express macrolide-lincosamide resistance in heterologous hosts, including S. aureus and S. pneumoniae. Both the (T)-carrying plasmid and the ICE posed a fitness cost to the host S. suis isolate. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance gene (T) in S. suis. Its location on a plasmid or an ICE will aid in its transmission. The low detection rate of (T) gene among the S. suis population might be due to the fitness cost of the (T)-carrying plasmid and ICE. Macrolide and lincosamide resistance due to the presence of (T) have posed a challenge for the treatment of Gram-positive pathogens. Although the low detection rate of (T) gene among the S. suis population due to the fitness cost of the (T)-carrying plasmid and ICE, the presence of (T) in S. suis and its potential transmission to other Gram-positive pathogens will be of important significance.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Humans; Lincosamides; Macrolides; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Streptococcus suis
PubMed: 35019703
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01657-21 -
Medicina 2024Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a globally prevalent swine pathogen, capable of generating infections in humans who were in contact with the animal or its raw meat....
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a globally prevalent swine pathogen, capable of generating infections in humans who were in contact with the animal or its raw meat. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic cases to systemic involvement, with low mortality, but with the possibility of leaving definitive sequelae such as ataxia and hearing loss. There are few case reports, due to lack of knowledge of the disease and its atypical presentation. The objective of this article is to report the case of a man with an occupational history of contact with pigs, who was admitted for meningitis and in whom the isolation of S. suis was obtained in cerebrospinal fluid and paired blood cultures; He completed antibiotic treatment adjusted to bacterial sensitivity, and was left with mild hearing loss as a consequence.
Topics: Streptococcus suis; Humans; Male; Meningitis, Bacterial; Streptococcal Infections; Animals; Swine; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Adult; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38683518
DOI: No ID Found -
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Nov 2022is a zoonotic pathogen causing substantial economic losses to the pig industry, as well as being a human health burden due to infections worldwide, especially in... (Review)
Review
is a zoonotic pathogen causing substantial economic losses to the pig industry, as well as being a human health burden due to infections worldwide, especially in Southeast Asia. In Thailand, there was high cumulative incidence in humans during 1987-2021, mostly in males. At least five large outbreaks have been documented after the largest outbreak in China in 2005, which was related to the consumption of raw pork or dishes containing pig's blood. The major clinical features are sepsis or meningitis, with hearing loss a major complication of disease. Thai human isolates have shown diversity in serotypes and sequence types (STs), with serotype 2 and STs 1 and 104 being major genotypes. -Lactam antibiotics can be used in empirical treatment for human infections; however, intermediate resistance to penicillin has been reported. Reducing incidence in Thailand requires a multidimensional approach, with combined efforts from the government and public health sectors through policy, regulations, education, and active surveillance.
PubMed: 36355901
DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7110359 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2021As an important zoonotic pathogen, () infection has been reported to be a causative agent for variety of diseases in humans and animals, especially Streptococcal toxic...
As an important zoonotic pathogen, () infection has been reported to be a causative agent for variety of diseases in humans and animals, especially Streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome (STSLS), which is commonly seen in cases of severe infection. STSLS is often accompanied by excessive production of inflammatory cytokines, which is the main cause of death. This calls for development of new strategies to avert the damage caused by STSLS. In this study, we found for the first time that Baicalein, combined with ampicillin, effectively improved severe infection. Further experiments demonstrated that baicalein significantly inhibited the hemolytic activity of SLY by directly binding to SLY and destroying its secondary structure. Cell-based assays revealed that Baicalein did not exert toxic effects and conferred protection in -infected cells. Interestingly, compared with ampicillin alone, Baicalein combined with ampicillin resulted in a higher survival rate in mice severely infected with . At the same time, we found that baicalein can be combined with meropenem against MRSA. In conclusion, these results indicate that baicalein has a good application prospect.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Flavanones; Hemolysis; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus suis; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 34072443
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115829