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International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2022: Young adults are the second largest segment of the immigrant population in the United States (US). Given recent trends in later age of initiation of tobacco use, we...
: Young adults are the second largest segment of the immigrant population in the United States (US). Given recent trends in later age of initiation of tobacco use, we examined variation in use of tobacco products by nativity status for this population group. : Our study included young adults 18-30 years of age sampled in the National Health Interview Survey (2015-2019), a nationally representative sample of the US population. We calculated prevalence of use of any and two or more tobacco products (cigarettes, cigars, pipes, e-cigarettes, and smokeless tobacco) for foreign-born ( = 3096) and US-born ( = 6811) young adults. Logistic regression models were adjusted for age, sex, race-ethnicity, education, and poverty, while accounting for the complex survey design. : Foreign-born young adults were significantly less likely to use any tobacco product (Cigarette = 7.3% vs. 10.7%; Cigar = 1.8% vs. 4.8%; E-cigarette = 2.3% vs. 4.5%, respectively; < 0.01) or poly tobacco use (1.9% vs. 4.2%; < 0.01) than US-born young adults. Adjusted regression models showed lower odds of poly tobacco use among the foreign-born than their US-born counterparts (Odds Ratio = 0.41, (95% Confidence Interval: 0.26-0.63)). : The findings highlight the importance of targeted interventions by nativity status and further tobacco prevention efforts needed for the US-born.
Topics: Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Humans; Prevalence; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Use; Tobacco, Smokeless; United States; Young Adult
PubMed: 35162251
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031230 -
International Journal of Environmental... Apr 2022Tobacco use remains a leading cause of preventable death and disease worldwide [...].
Tobacco use remains a leading cause of preventable death and disease worldwide [...].
Topics: Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Nicotiana; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Use; Vaping
PubMed: 35564387
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19094992 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2023Young adults often derive self-identity from affiliation with peer crowds, which may be defined as reputation-based peer groups centered around characterizable lifestyle...
BACKGROUND
Young adults often derive self-identity from affiliation with peer crowds, which may be defined as reputation-based peer groups centered around characterizable lifestyle norms. Little is known about peer crowds prevalent among Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and other Pacific Islander (AANHPI) populations and the peer crowds' normative tobacco and other substance use behavior. To address this gap in knowledge, this study conducted focus groups with young adult community college students.
METHODS
Focus group discussions were conducted with a convenience sample of 42 young adults (Mean age = 21.5, SD = 2.7) recruited across community colleges on O'ahu, Hawai'i. The participants represented 60% women, 55% NHPI, and 29% Asian American.
RESULTS
Results indicated the presence of a wide range of peer crowds in the population, which may be classified into the following seven categories prevalent in the literature: Regular, Academic, Alternative, Athlete, Geek, High Risk, and Popular. Several peer crowds within the Alternative, Athlete, Geek, High Risk, and Popular categories appeared to represent subcultures relevant for NHPI young adults. High-risk peer crowds were reported to be vulnerable to different types of substance use. Tobacco product use, particularly e-cigarette use or vaping, was noted to be characteristically present among Popular crowds and certain Athlete crowds.
CONCLUSION
Tobacco and other substance use prevention interventions, such as mass media campaigns, may benefit from targeting high-risk peer crowds, especially those relevant for NHPI young adults, who are at high risk for tobacco and other substance use. E-cigarette use prevention interventions may benefit from paying close attention to vulnerable Popular and Athlete groups.
Topics: Young Adult; Humans; Female; Adult; Male; Hawaii; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Tobacco Use; Peer Group; Substance-Related Disorders; Tobacco Products
PubMed: 36673785
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021029 -
Pediatrics Dec 2018: media-1vid110.1542/5839992833001PEDS-VA_2018-1505 BACKGROUND: Researchers in several studies have examined correlations between tobacco harm perceptions and tobacco...
UNLABELLED
: media-1vid110.1542/5839992833001PEDS-VA_2018-1505 BACKGROUND: Researchers in several studies have examined correlations between tobacco harm perceptions and tobacco use in youth, but none have prospectively addressed the association between harm perceptions and subsequent new use across multiple noncigarette products.
METHODS
Product-specific absolute and relative harm perceptions for cigarettes, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), cigars, pipes, hookah, and smokeless tobacco were collected at wave 1 (W1) (2013-2014) among youth in the nationally representative US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (12-17 years of age; = 10 081). At wave 2 (W2) (2014-2015), product-specific new use was calculated. Adjusted relative risks were used to estimate if harm perceptions at W1 predicted W2 new tobacco use.
RESULTS
The proportion of youth who endorsed "a lot of harm" was highest for cigarettes (84.8%) and lowest for e-cigarettes (26.6%); the proportion of youth who thought products were "more harmful" than cigarettes was highest for cigars (30.6%) and lowest for e-cigarettes (5.1%). Among youth who had not used those products at W1, product-specific new use at W2 ranged from 9.1% (e-cigarettes) to 0.6% (pipes). Youth who believed that noncombustible tobacco products posed "no or little harm" at W1 were more likely to have tried those products at W2 ( < .05). Youth who viewed e-cigarettes, hookah, and smokeless tobacco as "less harmful" than cigarettes at W1 were more likely to try those tobacco products at W2 ( < .05).
CONCLUSIONS
Low harm perceptions of noncigarette tobacco products predict new use of these products by youth within the next year. Targeting product-specific harm perceptions may prevent new tobacco use among youth.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Perception; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Smoking; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Use; United States
PubMed: 30397167
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-1505 -
Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official... Jul 2023This study examined the association of four domains of human capital development (cognitive development, social and emotional development, physical health, and mental...
INTRODUCTION
This study examined the association of four domains of human capital development (cognitive development, social and emotional development, physical health, and mental health) and exclusive and concurrent tobacco and cannabis use (TCU) among black youth.
AIMS AND METHODS
Nationally representative annual cross-sectional data for black adolescents (12-17 years; N = 9017) in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2015-2019 were analyzed. Analyses examined the influence of human capital factors (cognitive development, social and emotional development, physical health, and mental health) on exclusive and concurrent TCU.
RESULTS
In total, 50.4% were males; prevalence of 12-month tobacco use fluctuated insignificantly between 5.6% and 7.6% across survey years. Similarly, prevalence of 12-month cannabis use remained relatively stable around 13%, with no significant linear change. Prevalence of concurrent TCU also fluctuated insignificantly between 3.5% and 5.3%. Investment in cognitive development decreased the odds of tobacco (aOR = 0.58, p < .001), cannabis (aOR = 0.64, p < .001), and concurrent tobacco and cannabis (aOR = 0.58, p < .001) use. Similarly, investment in social and emotional development reduced the odds of tobacco (aOR = 086, p < .001), cannabis (aOR = 0.83, p < .001), and concurrent tobacco and cannabis (aOR = 0.81, p < .001) use. Good physical health reduced the odds of tobacco (aOR = 0.52, p < .1), cannabis (aOR = 0.63, p < .05), and concurrent TCU (aOR = 0.54, p < .05). Major depressive episodes increased the likelihood of cannabis use (aOR = 1.62, p < .001).
CONCLUSIONS
Investment in cognitive, social, and emotional aspects of human capital development, and physical health among black youth is protective against TCU. Efforts to sustain human capital development among black adolescents may contribute to reducing TCU disparities.
IMPLICATIONS
This is one of few studies to examine human capital development factors and their associations with TCU among black youth. Efforts to eliminate tobacco/cannabis-related disparities among black youth should also invest in social, emotional, cognitive, and physical health development opportunities.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adolescent; Female; Cannabis; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depressive Disorder, Major; Tobacco Use
PubMed: 37075137
DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad063 -
PloS One 2018Tobacco use is the most important preventable cause of premature death and major risk factor for non-communicable diseases. Due to strict tobacco legislation in the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Tobacco use is the most important preventable cause of premature death and major risk factor for non-communicable diseases. Due to strict tobacco legislation in the western hemisphere, many African nations like Nigeria have shifted from being a tobacco-producing nation to a tobacco-consuming one. The purpose of this study was to systematically review existing literature on tobacco use among Nigerian adolescents and young people and identify the prevalence, distribution and factors influencing of tobacco smoking. These data are necessary to formulate and adapt control measures aimed at tobacco cessation among young people, and preventing long-term smoking behaviors.
METHODS
Three databases (African Journals Online, PsychInfo, PubMed) were searched for peer-reviewed publications, published between January 2000 and March 2017. Additional searches were completed on Google Scholar, and other documents and reports of the Nigerian government and the Global Youth Tobacco Survey were consulted. Using the PRISMA guidelines to evaluate studies, we included studies that reported prevalence of tobacco use in adolescents or youths, aged 10 to 24, and excluded evaluations of tobacco-related medical conditions.
RESULTS
A total of 30 studies with a total population of 26,709 were reviewed. Prevalence rates of tobacco smoking ranged from 0.2% to 32.5%. Among the gender-specific studies, the prevalence of smoking among females ranged between 2.2% to 10% while that of males ranged from 1% to 32.5%. Gender distribution among these studies was mixed (80.0%), males only (13.3%) and females only (6.7%). Smoking prevalence was higher among males than females. The most common risk factors for tobacco use included peer influence, family conditions, psychosocial factors and male gender. Additional risk factors included concomitant substance abuse, media advertisements and increasing age.
CONCLUSIONS
Tobacco smoking poses a huge burden to Nigerian youths and various determinants were highlighted in this review. It is imperative that all stakeholders engage in concerted efforts to target both in-school and out-of-school youths in tobacco control strategies.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Nigeria; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Tobacco Smoking; Tobacco Use; Young Adult
PubMed: 29723203
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196362 -
Drug and Alcohol Dependence Mar 2022Transgender and Gender Diverse (TGD) populations have current cigarette/e-cigarette/cigar use rates ranging from 32.6% to 39.7%. Importantly, while some studies have...
BACKGROUND
Transgender and Gender Diverse (TGD) populations have current cigarette/e-cigarette/cigar use rates ranging from 32.6% to 39.7%. Importantly, while some studies have reported tobacco use as significantly higher among TGD versus cisgender individuals in multivariate analyses, others have reported no significant differences. The present study used data from wave 4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study, a large, nationally representative U.S. study, to examine relationships among sociodemographic characteristics, internal and external factors, and tobacco use behaviors, with a focus on TGD individuals.
METHODS
Data were from 33,628 adults from the PATH study's wave 4 (collected December 2016-January 2018). Multivariable logistic regression models examined differences in current tobacco use (cigarettes, electronic nicotine products, and cigars) between TGD and cisgender individuals through the replication of previous work using PATH data, as well as evaluating the role of other internal and external factors.
RESULTS
TGD individuals were 2-3 times more likely than cisgender individuals to report current nicotine/tobacco use, even after adjustment for potential confounders. TGD individuals tended to have lower income and education and be more likely to endorse a sexual minority identity than their cisgender counterparts; meanwhile, lower income, less education, and lesbian/gay and bisexual identities were significant predictors of nicotine/tobacco use, independent of TGD identity.
CONCLUSIONS
Present findings underscore the high rates of nicotine/tobacco use in the TGNC community and emphasize the necessity of TGD-focused research methods and measures, access to quality medical care, and policy aimed at minimizing marginalization and nicotine/tobacco use disparities experienced by TGD communities.
Topics: Adult; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Gender Identity; Humans; Nicotine; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Tobacco Use; Transgender Persons
PubMed: 35038608
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109268 -
Tobacco Control Dec 2022We sought to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence to inform policies that reduce density and proximity of tobacco retailers. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
We sought to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence to inform policies that reduce density and proximity of tobacco retailers.
DATA SOURCES
Ten databases were searched on 16 October 2020: MEDLINE via PubMed, PsycINFO, Global Health, LILACS, Embase, ABI/Inform, CINAHL, Business Source Complete, Web of Science and Scopus, plus grey literature searches using Google and the RAND Publication Database.
STUDY SELECTION
Included studies used inferential statistics about adult participants to examine associations between tobacco retailer density/proximity and tobacco use behaviours and health outcomes. Of 7373 studies reviewed by independent coders, 37 (0.5%) met inclusion criteria.
DATA EXTRACTION
Effect sizes were converted to a relative risk reduction (RRR) metric, indicating the presumed reduction in tobacco use outcomes based on reducing tobacco retailer density and decreasing proximity.
DATA SYNTHESIS
We conducted a random effects meta-analysis and examined heterogeneity across 27 studies through subgroup analyses and meta-regression. Tobacco retailer density (RRR=2.55, 95% CI 1.91 to 3.19, k=155) and proximity (RRR=2.38, 95% CI 1.39 to 3.37, k=100) were associated with tobacco use behaviours. Pooled results including both density and proximity found an estimated 2.48% reduction in risk of tobacco use from reductions in tobacco retailer density and proximity (RRR=2.48, 95% CI 1.95 to 3.02, k=255). Results for health outcomes came from just two studies and were not significant. Considerable heterogeneity existed.
CONCLUSIONS
Across studies, lower levels of tobacco retailer density and decreased proximity are associated with lower tobacco use. Reducing tobacco supply by limiting retailer density and proximity may lead to reductions in tobacco use. Policy evaluations are needed.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Nicotiana; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Use; Commerce
PubMed: 34479990
DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056717 -
Journal of Cancer Education : the... Apr 2020As cigarette use rates decline among adolescents and young adults, public health officials face new challenges with high use of non-cigarette tobacco products (NCTPs)....
As cigarette use rates decline among adolescents and young adults, public health officials face new challenges with high use of non-cigarette tobacco products (NCTPs). Online tobacco education is a potential solution to discourage use, yet limited information is available for how online media should look and function. This study aims to fill this gap by conducting focus group interviews to identify adolescents and young adults' aesthetic and functionality preferences for online tobacco education (phase 1) followed by interviews to assess a NCTP education website developed (phase 2). We found preferences for use of font and colors to highlight tobacco information in organized designs. Interactive features (quizzes) motivated engagement, and participants desired responsive designs that function similarly across devices. Public health researchers and educators should apply aesthetic and functionality preferences to reduce NCTP use and help create a tobacco-free future for youth.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Education, Distance; Esthetics; Female; Focus Groups; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Male; Motivation; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Use; Young Adult
PubMed: 30734263
DOI: 10.1007/s13187-019-1475-4 -
Tobacco Control Sep 2019The health status and needs of indigenous populations of Australia, Canada and New Zealand are often compared because of the shared experience of colonisation. One... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The health status and needs of indigenous populations of Australia, Canada and New Zealand are often compared because of the shared experience of colonisation. One enduring impact has been a disproportionately high rate of commercial tobacco use compared with non-indigenous populations. All three countries have ratified the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), which acknowledges the harm caused to indigenous peoples by tobacco.
AIM AND OBJECTIVES
We evaluated and compared reporting on FCTC progress related to indigenous peoples by Australia, Canada and New Zealand as States Parties. The critiqued data included disparities in smoking prevalence between indigenous and non-indigenous peoples; extent of indigenous participation in tobacco control development, implementation and evaluation; and what indigenous commercial tobacco reduction interventions were delivered and evaluated.
DATA SOURCES
We searched FCTC: (1) Global Progress Reports for information regarding indigenous peoples in Australia, Canada and New Zealand; and (2) country-specific reports from Australia, Canada and New Zealand between 2007 and 2016.
STUDY SELECTION
Two of the authors independently reviewed the FCTC Global and respective Country Reports, identifying where indigenous search terms appeared.
DATA EXTRACTION
All data associated with the identified search terms were extracted, and content analysis was applied.
RESULTS
It is difficult to determine if or what progress has been made to reduce commercial tobacco use by the three States Parties as part of their commitments under FCTC reporting systems. There is some evidence that progress is being made towards reducing indigenous commercial tobacco use, including the implementation of indigenous-focused initiatives. However, there are significant gaps and inconsistencies in reporting. Strengthening FCTC reporting instruments to include standardised indigenous-specific data will help to realise the FCTC Guiding Principles by holding States Parties to account and building momentum for reducing the high prevalence of commercial tobacco use among indigenous peoples.
Topics: Australia; Canada; Humans; Indigenous Peoples; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; New Zealand; Smoking; Tobacco Use
PubMed: 30076238
DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054508