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Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jul 2021Tooth resorption (TR; progressive destruction of hard dental tissues) varies in prevalence according to population, age, and country (29-66.1%). Our objective was...
Tooth resorption (TR; progressive destruction of hard dental tissues) varies in prevalence according to population, age, and country (29-66.1%). Our objective was twofold: describing the TR clinical presentation in Northeastern Spain, and studying 34 blood parameters to ascertain potential systemic effects associated with TR. Cases (29; presented from September 2018 to May 2019) and controls (58) were considered. Non-parametric tests were carried out to compare cases and controls for each blood parameter; those showing significant differences were chosen for multiple regression analysis (binomial logistic and hierarchical multiple regressions). In case TR was detected in 130/870 teeth (14.9%), TR stage and type were correlated ( 0.001). Increasing CREA values ( 0.034) and decreasing BUN/CREA and ALB/GLOB values were associated with TR presence ( 0.029 and 0.03, respectively). Increasing GLOB was associated with increasing severity of TR ( 0.01). Type 1 TR (highly related to inflammation and periodontal disease PD) was the most frequently observed type; the association of TR and inflammation biomarkers (ALB/GLOB, GLOB) are explained by this fact. The concomitant presence of PD and TR in old cats would cause TR association with kidney damage biomarkers (CREA, BUN/CREA). When affected by TR, special care in these aspects must be provided to cats.
PubMed: 34359253
DOI: 10.3390/ani11072125 -
Current Osteoporosis Reports Dec 2016When orthodontic patients desire shorter treatment times with aesthetic results and long-term stability, it is important for the orthodontist to understand the potential... (Review)
Review
When orthodontic patients desire shorter treatment times with aesthetic results and long-term stability, it is important for the orthodontist to understand the potential limitations and problems that may arise during standard and/or technology-assisted accelerated treatment. Bone density plays an important role in facilitating orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), such that reductions in bone density can significantly increase movement velocity. Lifestyle, genetic background, environmental factors, and disease status all can influence a patients' overall health and bone density. In some individuals, these factors may create specific conditions that influence systemic-wide bone metabolism. Both genetic variation and the onset of a bone-related disease can influence systemic bone density and local bone density, such as observed in the mandible and maxilla. These types of localized density changes can affect the rate of OTM and may also influence the risk of unwanted outcomes, i.e., the occurrence of dental external apical root resorption (EARR).
Topics: Bone Density; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Bone Remodeling; Humans; Interleukin-1beta; Mandible; Maxilla; Osteoprotegerin; Receptors, Purinergic P2X7; Root Resorption; Tooth Movement Techniques
PubMed: 27766484
DOI: 10.1007/s11914-016-0340-1 -
Journal of International Society of... 2022Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been widely investigated as an adjunct technique for orthodontic treatment due to photobiomodulation effect. LLLT appears to be... (Review)
Review
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been widely investigated as an adjunct technique for orthodontic treatment due to photobiomodulation effect. LLLT appears to be supportive for an orthodontic practice in terms of tooth movement acceleration, pain relief, and root resorption management. The decrease in these adverse effects will enhance the compliance in orthodontic patients, which could positively impact treatment outcomes. However, there seemed to be inconsistency in the impact of LLLT as well as its laser and treatment parameters. This scoping review aimed to evaluate the impact of different irradiation parameters on tooth movement acceleration, pain relief, and root resorption as well as to construct a protocol of LLLT in orthodontic practice. The search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar, and the reference lists of identified articles. The last search was conducted on October 10, 2021 to identify experiments in humans regarding the application of LLLT as noninvasive treatment in orthodontic practice published between 2010 and 2021. However, they were excluded if they were not clinical research, if they did not report the source of laser, or if they were not relevant to tooth movement, pain perception, and root resorption, or if they were not available in English or in full-text. Following the systematic search and selection process, 60 articles were included in this review. A majority of included articles were published in the past few years. The findings of this review supported the application of LLLT in orthodontic practice with purposes of tooth movement acceleration and pain reduction. The positive impact of LLLT on root resorption had not been clearly evident yet. As this review demonstrated heterogeneity of both laser and treatment parameters, further research should be required to ensure the effectiveness of its specific parameters in orthodontic practice.
PubMed: 35966907
DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_328_21 -
Journal of Oral Biology and... 2022Increased orthodontic treatment duration is associated with iatrogenic risks such as root resorption, white spot lesions etc. Recent research using pharmacological...
BACKGROUND
Increased orthodontic treatment duration is associated with iatrogenic risks such as root resorption, white spot lesions etc. Recent research using pharmacological agents to accelerate tooth movement has mostly been conducted on animals and there is no reported research conducted on humans comparing the effects of Vitamin D3 and Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) in the same subjects using a split mouth technique.
OBJECTIVES
To determine and compare effects of local injection of PRP and Vitamin D3 on the rate of tooth movement. Also, to assess association of external apical root resorption with the use of PRP, Vitamin D3 and compare it to a control group.
MATERIALS & METHODS
11 subjects who diagnosed with Class I bi-maxillary malocclusion and who gave informed consent were recruited in the study. The patients were randomly divided using split mouth design and each quadrant served as either experimental or control group one. At the beginning of retraction phase, Vitamin D3 and PRP were injected to the randomly assigned quadrants while the contralateral side served as a control. The amount of space closure in 4 months was measured from distal surface of canine to mesial surface of 2nd premolar. Root resorption was assessed using CBCT taken at the beginning and at the closure of retraction phase.
RESULTS
Mean rate of tooth movement was higher in PRP and Vitamin D3 groups compared to their controls. In the PRP group, the increased rate of tooth movement was observed throughout the study interval, but in the Vitamin D3 group it was only seen in first two months. Also, the PRP group demonstrated a higher rate of tooth movement compared to Vitamin D3 group. Root resorption was lesser in both experimental groups. Among the teeth assessed, lateral incisor showed maximum root resorption and canine the least.
CONCLUSIONS
PRP is a more efficient pharmacological agent compared to Vitamin D3 for accelerating tooth movement.
PubMed: 36250145
DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2022.09.011 -
International Journal of Oral Science Jun 2021External cervical resorption (ECR) refers to a pathological state in which resorption tissues penetrate into the dentin at the cervical aspect of the root. Despite being... (Review)
Review
External cervical resorption (ECR) refers to a pathological state in which resorption tissues penetrate into the dentin at the cervical aspect of the root. Despite being latent in its initial phase, ECR could cause severe damage to mineralized dental tissue and even involve the pulp if not given timely diagnosis and treatment. Nevertheless, the etiology of ECR is still poorly understood, which adds to the difficulty in early diagnosis. ECR has received growing attention in recent years due to the increasing number of clinical cases. Several potential predisposing factors have been recognized in cross-sectional studies as well as case reports. In the meantime, studies on histopathology and pathogenesis have shed light on possible mechanisms of ECR. This review aims to summarize the latest findings in the pathogenesis and potential predisposing factors of ECR, so as to provide pragmatic reference for clinical practice.
Topics: Causality; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Root Resorption; Tooth Cervix
PubMed: 34112752
DOI: 10.1038/s41368-021-00121-9 -
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic... Apr 2015Bisphosphonates are a synthetic class of pyrophosphate analogues that are powerful inhibitors of bone resorption which are commonly used as a medication for the... (Review)
Review
Bisphosphonates are a synthetic class of pyrophosphate analogues that are powerful inhibitors of bone resorption which are commonly used as a medication for the prevention and therapy of osteoporosis and osteopenia, also used to treat tumor diseases. As it affects bone metabolism, it is said to have an influence on orthodontic treatment and tooth movement. Also, this review gives an insight into the reported effects of Bisphosphonate medication in literature highlighting the status quo of scientific research regarding effects of Bisphosphonates on orthodontic tooth movement. A systematic literature search was done in Medline database (Pubmed) for the appropriate keywords. Manual handsearch was also done. From the available evidence it can be concluded that the duration of orthodontic treatment is increased for patients under Bisphosphonate therapy as they interfere with the osteoclastic resorption. However, they may be beneficial for anchorage procedures. Further long term prospective randomized controlled trials are required to assess possible benefits and adverse effects of bisphosphonate treatment, before Bisphosphonates can be therapeutically used in orthodontics.
PubMed: 26023659
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/11162.5769 -
Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2019The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of triptolide on the tooth movement and root resorption in rats during orthodontic treatment.
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of triptolide on the tooth movement and root resorption in rats during orthodontic treatment.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A total of 48 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of 16 each. The right maxillary first molars of rats were drawn mesially by closed coil nickel-titanium spring with a force of 50 g. The two experimental groups received intraperitoneal injections of triptolide for 14 days at a dose of 15 µg/kg/day and 30 µg/kg/day, respectively. The control group received vehicle injections. After 14 days, the rats were humanely killed. The amount of tooth movement was measured. Eight rats from each group were randomly chosen for analysis of the percentage of root resorption area by scanning electron microscopy. For the remaining eight rats in each group, the H&E staining, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and immunohistochemistry analysis were performed.
RESULTS
The amount of tooth movement and the ratio of root resorption area were significantly decreased in the triptolide-treated rats. The number of TRAP-positive cells was significantly lower in triptolide-treated groups. Moreover, the expression of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) was reduced. In contrast, the expression of osteoprotegerin was significantly up-regulated. In the tension side, the expressions of runt-related transcription factor 2 and osteocalcin were significantly enhanced by triptolide injection.
CONCLUSION
Triptolide injection could arrest orthodontic tooth movement and reduce root resorption in rats via inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. In addition, triptolide may exert a positive effect on osteoblastogenesis.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Diterpenes; Epoxy Compounds; Male; Orthodontic Appliances, Removable; Phenanthrenes; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Root Resorption; Tooth Movement Techniques
PubMed: 31819370
DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S217936 -
BMC Oral Health Jul 2022External root resorption is one of common complications of orthodontic treatment, while internal root resorption is rarely observed, and the difference between pulp and...
BACKGROUND
External root resorption is one of common complications of orthodontic treatment, while internal root resorption is rarely observed, and the difference between pulp and periodontal tissues during orthodontic treatment is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of orthodontic forces on histological and cellular changes of the dental pulp and periodontal tissues.
METHODS
Orthodontic tooth movement model was established in Forty-eight adult male Wistar rats. The distance of orthodontic tooth movement was quantitatively analyzed. The histological changes of pulp and periodontal tissues were performed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, tartrate-resistant acid phosphate staining was used to analyze the changes of osteoclast number, immunohistochemistry analysis and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to examine the receptor of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression. The width of tertiary dentine was quantitatively analyzed. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphate staining and the erosion area of osteo assay surface plate was used to evaluate osteoclast activity.
RESULTS
The orthodontic tooth movement distance increased in a force dependent manner, and reached the peak value when orthodontic force is 60 g. Heavy orthodontic force increased the RANKL expression of periodontal ligament srem cells (PDLSCs) which further activated osteoclasts and resulted in external root resorption, while the RANKL expression of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) was relatively low to activate osteoclasts and result in internal root resorption, and the dental pulp tend to form tertiary dentine under orthodontic force stimulation.
CONCLUSIONS
Heavy orthodontic forces activated osteoclasts and triggered external root resorption by upregulating RANKL expression in rat periodontal tissues, while there was no significant change of RANKL expression in dental pulp tissue under heavy orthodontic forces, which prevented osteoclast activation and internal root resorption.
Topics: Animals; Male; Osteoclasts; Osteoprotegerin; Periodontal Ligament; Phosphates; RANK Ligand; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Root Resorption; Tartrates; Tooth Movement Techniques
PubMed: 35842599
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02327-7 -
Journal of Bone Metabolism Nov 2023Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is achieved by the simultaneous activation of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. When orthodontic forces...
Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is achieved by the simultaneous activation of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. When orthodontic forces are applied, osteoclast-mediated bone resorption occurs in the alveolar bone on the compression side, creating space for tooth movement. Therefore, controlling osteoclastogenesis is the fundamental tenet of orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic forces are sensed by osteoblast lineage cells such as periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and osteocytes. Of several cytokines produced by these cells, the most important cytokine promoting osteoclastogenesis is the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), which is mainly supplied by osteoblasts. Additionally, osteocytes embedded within the bone matrix, T lymphocytes in inflammatory conditions, and PDL cells produce RANKL. Besides RANKL, inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, and prostaglandin E2 promote osteoclastogenesis under OTM. On the downside, excessive osteoclastogenesis activation triggers orthodontically-induced external root resorption (ERR) through pro-osteoclastic inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of osteoclastogenesis during OTM is essential in reducing the adverse effects of orthodontic treatment. Here, we review the current concepts of the mechanisms underlying osteoclastogenesis in OTM and orthodontically induced ERR.
PubMed: 38073263
DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2023.30.4.297 -
The Angle Orthodontist Nov 2022
Topics: Humans; Root Resorption; Dental Pulp
PubMed: 36279256
DOI: 10.2319/1945-7103-92.6.815