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Cells Dec 2021Exposure to the antibacterial agent triclosan (TCS) is associated with abnormal placenta growth and fetal development during pregnancy. Peroxisome proliferator-activated...
Exposure to the antibacterial agent triclosan (TCS) is associated with abnormal placenta growth and fetal development during pregnancy. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is crucial in placenta development. However, the mechanism of PPARγ in placenta injury induced by TCS remains unknown. Herein, we demonstrated that PPARγ worked as a protector against TCS-induced toxicity. TCS inhibited cell viability, migration, and angiogenesis dose-dependently in HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3 cells. Furthermore, TCS downregulated expression of PPARγ and its downstream viability, migration, angiogenesis-related genes , , , , , and upregulated inflammatory genes , , , and in vitro and in vivo. Further investigation showed that overexpression or activation (rosiglitazone) alleviated cell viability, migration, angiogenesis inhibition, and inflammatory response caused by TCS, while knockdown or inhibition (GW9662) of PPARγ had the opposite effect. Moreover, TCS caused placenta dysfunction characterized by the significant decrease in weight and size of the placenta and fetus, while PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone alleviated this damage in mice. Taken together, our results illustrated that TCS-induced placenta dysfunction, which was mediated by the PPARγ pathway. Our findings reveal that activation of PPARγ might be a promising strategy against the adverse effects of TCS exposure on the placenta and fetus.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Cell Movement; Cell Survival; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Inflammation; Mice; Models, Biological; Neovascularization, Physiologic; PPAR gamma; Placenta; Pregnancy; Triclosan
PubMed: 35011648
DOI: 10.3390/cells11010086 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Feb 2021Triclosan is a chlorinated phenolic, used in many personal and home care products for its powerful antimicrobial effect. Several studies have shown triclosan toxicity...
Triclosan is a chlorinated phenolic, used in many personal and home care products for its powerful antimicrobial effect. Several studies have shown triclosan toxicity and the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2016 has limited its use. It has been recently included in endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), a list of chemicals known for their ability to interfere with hormonal signaling with particular critical effects on reproduction both in animals and humans. In order to deepen the knowledge in this specific field, the present study was undertaken to explore the effect of different concentrations of triclosan (1, 10, and 50 µM) on cultured luteal cells, isolated from swine ovaries, evaluating effects on growth Bromodeoxyuridine (BrDU) incorporation and Adenosine TriPhosphate (ATP) production, steroidogenesis (progesterone secretion) and redox status (superoxide and nitric oxide production, enzymatic and non-enzymatic scavenging activity). A biphasic effect was exerted by triclosan on P4 production. In fact, the highest concentration inhibited, while the others stimulated P4 production ( < 0.05). Triclosan significantly inhibited cell proliferation, metabolic activity, and enzymatic scavenger activity ( < 0.05). On the contrary, nitric oxide production was significantly increased by triclosan ( < 0.01), while superoxide anion generation and non-enzymatic scavenging activity were unaffected.
PubMed: 33668891
DOI: 10.3390/ani11030606 -
Current Opinion in Obstetrics &... Aug 2017Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been known for their ability to interfere with aspects of hormone action resulting in adverse health consequences among... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been known for their ability to interfere with aspects of hormone action resulting in adverse health consequences among animals and humans; however, the effects of EDCs on human fecundity have shown inconsistent findings. This review summarizes the most recent epidemiologic literature from humans on the potential effects of female exposure to nonpersistent EDCs, specifically bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates, parabens, and triclosan, on fecundity, measured by markers of reproductive hormones, markers of ovulation or ovarian reserve, IVF outcomes, and time-to-pregnancy.
RECENT FINDINGS
Although the epidemiologic literature on this topic is growing, the evidence supporting an association between female urinary concentrations of BPA, phthalates, parabens and triclosan, and fecundity remains unclear. The heterogeneous results could be due to methodological differences in recruitment populations (fertile vs. subfertile), study designs (prospective vs. retrospective), assessment of exposure (including differences in the number and timing of urine samples and differences in the analytical methods used to assess the urinary concentrations), residual confounding due to diet or other lifestyle factors, and coexposures to other chemicals.
SUMMARY
At present, there is limited evidence to conclude that female exposure to nonpersistent EDCs affect fecundity in humans. Further studies focusing on exposure to mixtures of EDCs are needed.
Topics: Animals; Benzhydryl Compounds; Endocrine Disruptors; Environmental Exposure; Female; Fertility; Fertilization in Vitro; Hormones; Humans; Parabens; Phenols; Phthalic Acids; Triclosan
PubMed: 28557831
DOI: 10.1097/GCO.0000000000000373 -
Journal of Environmental Health Science... Jun 2021The usage of parabens, bisphenol A and triclosan in diverse consumer products is in widespread. Nevertheless, there are limited data concerning exposure to these...
UNLABELLED
The usage of parabens, bisphenol A and triclosan in diverse consumer products is in widespread. Nevertheless, there are limited data concerning exposure to these chemicals in human being, especially in primiparas. Biomonitoring of chemicals in primiparas is useful for the estimation of chemical exposure risks for both primiparas and their offspring. This study aims to investigate urinary levels of parabens, bisphenol A and triclosan of 84 primiparas from Shenzhen, China and to evaluate their potential health risks. Methyl, ethyl, and n-propyl parabens bisphenol A and triclosan exhibited high detection rates (DRs) (> 97%) in urine samples, suggesting that primiparas are exposed to them widely. The median concentrations of methyl, ethyl, and n-propyl parabens, bispenol A and triclosan in urine were 2.14, 4.10, 0.46, 1.30 and 3.00 µg/L, respectively. Ethyl paraben was the predominant paraben accounting for nearly half of Σparabens (The sum concentrations of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl parabens). Positive associations with significance ( < 0.05) were found between the usage of plastic containers and urinary concentrations of ethyl paraben or BPA, indicating plastic containers might be an important factor influencing primipara exposure to these two chemicals. Urinary concentrations of methyl paraben were positively associated ( < 0.05) with the time of computer use by participant, suggesting that indoor dust might constitute an important source of parabens. The estimated daily intakes of parabens, bisphenol A and triclosan contrasted with the acceptable daily intakes in a comparatively low level. The hazard quotients (HQs) of these chemicals were all less than 1, suggesting no health risks for primiparas from South China.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40201-020-00599-1.
PubMed: 34150233
DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00599-1 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022(1) Background: Three antimicrobial absorbable sutures have different triclosan (TS) loads, triclosan release kinetics and hydrolysis times. This in vitro study aims to...
(1) Background: Three antimicrobial absorbable sutures have different triclosan (TS) loads, triclosan release kinetics and hydrolysis times. This in vitro study aims to analyse and compare their antimicrobial pharmacodynamics. (2) Methods: Time-kill assays were performed with eight triclosan-susceptible microorganisms common in surgical site infections (SSIs) and a segment of each TS. Microbial concentrations were measured at T0, T4, T8 and T24 h. Similar non-triclosan sutures (NTS) were used as controls. Microbial concentrations were plotted and analysed with panel analysis. They were predicted over time with a double-exponential model and four parameters fitted to each TS × microorganism combination. (3) Results: The microbial concentration was associated with the triclosan presence, timeslot and microorganism. It was not associated with the suture material. All combinations shared a common pattern with an early steep concentration reduction from baseline to 4-8 h, followed by a concentration up to a 24-h plateau in most cases with a mild concentration increase. (4) Conclusions: Microorganisms seem to be predominantly killed by contact or near-contact killing with the suture rather than the triclosan concentration in the culture medium. No significant in vitro antimicrobial pharmacodynamic difference between the three TS is identified. Triclosan can reduce the suture microbial colonisation and SSI risk.
PubMed: 36139974
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091195 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Feb 2018Triclosan is a synthetic chemical with broad antimicrobial activity that has been used extensively in consumer products, including personal care products, textiles, and...
Triclosan is a synthetic chemical with broad antimicrobial activity that has been used extensively in consumer products, including personal care products, textiles, and plastic kitchenware, although the exposure which is widespread evidence from human studies is scarce. Our study aims to investigate the relationship between triclosan exposure and male fertility. Triclosan (TCS) urinary concentrations were measured using gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry in 315 men recruited from a male reproductive health clinic with normal sperm concentration (≥ 15 mln/ml) (WHO 2010) under 45 years of age. Participants were interviewed and provided a semen sample. TCS was detected in 84.13% of urine samples, with a median concentration of 2.83 μg/l (2.57 μg/g creatinine). A multiple linear regression analysis showed a positive association between the urinary concentrations of triclosan 50th-75th percentile and ≥ 50 percentile and percentage of sperm with abnormal morphology (p = 0.016 and p = 0.002, respectively). The study provides evidence that exposure to triclosan is associated with poorer semen quality. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Topics: Adult; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Pollutants; Fertility; Humans; Male; Poland; Semen Analysis; Sperm Count; Spermatozoa; Triclosan; Young Adult
PubMed: 29214481
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0866-5 -
BioMed Research International 2020Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are defined as environmental pollutants capable of interfering with the functioning of the hormonal system. They are environmentally... (Review)
Review
Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are defined as environmental pollutants capable of interfering with the functioning of the hormonal system. They are environmentally distributed as synthetic fertilizers, electronic waste, and several food additives that are part of the food chain. They can be considered as obesogenic compounds since they have the capacity to influence cellular events related to adipose tissue, altering lipid metabolism and adipogenesis processes. This review will present the latest scientific evidence of different EDs such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), heavy metals, "nonpersistent" phenolic compounds, triclosan, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and smoke-derived compounds (benzo -alpha-pyrene) and their influence on the differentiation processes towards adipocytes in both and models.
Topics: Adipocytes; Adipogenesis; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Benzoates; Endocrine Disruptors; Environmental Pollutants; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Obesity; Phenols; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Pyrenes; Transcription Factors; Triclosan
PubMed: 32149131
DOI: 10.1155/2020/7453786 -
BioMed Research International 2017Human aromatase (CYP19A1) is an important enzyme, which produces estrogen from androgen for maintaining the female reproductive function and pregnancy. Triclocarban and...
Human aromatase (CYP19A1) is an important enzyme, which produces estrogen from androgen for maintaining the female reproductive function and pregnancy. Triclocarban and triclosan are antimicrobial chemicals added to personal care, household, and industrial products. They could be endocrine disruptors and may disrupt human CYP19A1 activity. In the present study, we investigated the effects of triclocarban and triclosan on estradiol production and human CYP19A1 activity in JEG-3 cells. Triclocarban and triclosan reduced estradiol production in JEG-3 cells. Triclocarban and triclosan inhibited human CYP19A1 with IC values of 15.81 and 6.26 M, respectively. Triclosan competitively inhibited CYP19A1, while triclocarban noncompetitively inhibited this enzyme. Docking study showed that triclosan bound to the steroid-binding pocket of CYP19A1, while triclocarban was off this target, suggesting a different mechanism. In conclusion, triclocarban and triclosan are inhibitors of human CYP19A1.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Aromatase; Aromatase Inhibitors; Carbanilides; Cell Line, Tumor; Endocrine Disruptors; Estradiol; Humans; Triclosan
PubMed: 29376079
DOI: 10.1155/2017/8284097 -
Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology... Jul 2022Read-across based on structural and biological similarities is expected to be a promising alternative method for assessing systemic toxicity. A concrete strategy for...
Read-across based on structural and biological similarities is expected to be a promising alternative method for assessing systemic toxicity. A concrete strategy for quantitative chemical risk assessment would be to stack read-across case studies and extract key considerations from them. Thus, we developed a read-across case study by comparing the toxicological effects based on adverse outcome pathways and exposure levels of different structurally similar chemicals for a target organ. In this study, we selected the hepatotoxicity of triclosan and its structurally similar chemicals including diclosan and 1-chloro-3-(4-chlorophenoxy)benzene. The results of in vitro toxicogenomics showed that disorders of cholesterol synthesis were commonly detected with both triclosan and diclosan. The decrease in hepatocellular cholesterol levels was similar in the cells treated with triclosan and diclosan. Furthermore, the exposure levels of triclosan and diclosan for the liver were similar. Collectively, these results suggest that triclosan and diclosan show similar toxicological effects and severity of hepatotoxicity. Considering the existing repeated dose toxicity data, our prediction results are reasonable regarding the toxicological effect and its severity. Thus, the present study demonstrated the usability of comparing toxicological effects and exposure levels using read-across for quantitative chemical risk assessment.
Topics: Adverse Outcome Pathways; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cholesterol; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Triclosan
PubMed: 35526779
DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105181 -
Environment International Dec 2021Laboratory studies have suggested that triclosan and triclocarban can influence energy metabolism by multiple mechanisms and are potential obesogens, but the effect on...
BACKGROUND
Laboratory studies have suggested that triclosan and triclocarban can influence energy metabolism by multiple mechanisms and are potential obesogens, but the effect on obesity risk has not been well investigated in human.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the associations of triclosan and triclocarban in urine with childhood obesity.
METHODS
We investigated 458 school children aged 7-11 years who entered a dynamic cohort of children established in Shanghai in 2019 and 2020. Triclosan and triclocarban were determined in first morning urine by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were used to identify general overweight/obesity and central obesity, respectively. Logistic regression and linear models of generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to investigate the association between urinary triclosan and triclocarban with obesity prevalence.
RESULTS
After adjusting for potential confounders, children with detectable triclocarban in urine had a higher proportion of general overweight/obesity (odds ratio (OR): 1.84; 95% confidential interval (95% CI): 1.19, 2.85) or central obesity (OR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.03, 2.84). Compared to the low tertile, children in the median tertile of triclosan showed a higher proportion of central obesity (OR: 1.78; 95 %CI: 0.98, 3.24) and children in the high tertile of triclocarban had a higher proportion of general overweight/obesity (OR: 2.25; 95 %CI: 1.31, 3.88) and central obesity (OR: 2.08; 95 %CI: 1.12, 3.87). When the tertiles of triclocarban in urine were treated as a continuous variable, a positive exposure-response relationship was found with general overweight/obesity (OR: 1.50; 95 %CI: 1.15, 1.96) and central obesity (OR: 1.44; 95 %CI: 1.06, 1.95). Multiple linear regression showed a positive exposure-response relationship between triclocarban and BMI (β: 0.45; 95 %CI: 0.11, 0.80) values.
CONCLUSION
Exposure to triclosan and triclocarban was associated with increased risk of childhood obesity. Given the cross-sectional design, more studies are needed to interrogate these findings.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Carbanilides; Child; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Pediatric Obesity; Schools; Triclosan
PubMed: 34455189
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106846