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Journal of the National Cancer Institute Aug 2018The Reporting Recommendations for Tumor Marker Prognostic Studies (REMARK) were developed to address widespread deficiencies in the reporting of such studies. The REMARK... (Review)
Review
The Reporting Recommendations for Tumor Marker Prognostic Studies (REMARK) were developed to address widespread deficiencies in the reporting of such studies. The REMARK checklist consists of 20 items to report for published tumor marker prognostic studies. A detailed paper was published explaining the rationale behind checklist items, providing positive examples and giving empirical evidence of the quality of reporting. REMARK provides a comprehensive overview to educate on good reporting and provide a valuable reference for the many issues to consider when designing, conducting, and analyzing tumor marker studies and prognostic studies in medicine in general. Despite support for REMARK from major cancer journals, prognostic factor research studies remain poorly reported. To encourage dissemination and uptake of REMARK, we have produced this considerably abridged version of the detailed explanatory manuscript, which may also serve as a brief guide to key issues for investigators planning tumor marker prognostic studies. To summarize the current situation, more recent papers investigating the quality of reporting and related reporting guidelines are cited, but otherwise the literature is not updated. Another important impetus for this paper is that it serves as a basis for literal translations into other languages. Translations will help to bring key information to a larger audience world-wide. Many more details can be found in the original paper.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Biomedical Research; Humans; Neoplasms; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Prognosis; Publishing; Research Design
PubMed: 29873743
DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djy088 -
Annales de Biologie Clinique Dec 2016Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are rare heterogenous tumors which prevalence is increasing. Their features vary by anatomical location, functionality and hormonal... (Review)
Review
Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are rare heterogenous tumors which prevalence is increasing. Their features vary by anatomical location, functionality and hormonal production. Their management needs a multidisciplinary approach. Functional tumors develop characteristic clinical syndromes in contrast to non-functional tumors that are diagnosed fortuitously or at advanced stage. NET can secrete many specific and general biomarkers. CgA is the most sensitive general marker. Its value should be interpreted along with the renal function and the gastrin level. Some new biomarkers such as NTproBNP, proGRP and NET gene transcripts have been identified. The latter are not yet routine in clinical practice. We present In this review biological biomarkers involved in NET with a focus on the assays and their use in clinical practice.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Techniques, Endocrine; Humans; Insulinoma; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes; Reference Standards
PubMed: 27758762
DOI: 10.1684/abc.2016.1188 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, with an increasing mortality rate over the past years. The early detection of cancer contributes to early diagnosis and... (Review)
Review
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, with an increasing mortality rate over the past years. The early detection of cancer contributes to early diagnosis and subsequent treatment. How to detect early cancer has become one of the hot research directions of cancer. Tumor biomarkers, biochemical parameters for reflecting cancer occurrence and progression have caused much attention in cancer early detection. Due to high sensitivity, convenience and low cost, biosensors have been largely developed to detect tumor biomarkers. This review describes the application of various biosensors in detecting tumor markers. Firstly, several typical tumor makers, such as neuron-specific enolase (NSE), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA), carbohydrate, antigen19-9 (CA19-9) and tumor suppressor p53 (TP53), which may be helpful for early cancer detection in the clinic, are briefly described. Then, various biosensors, mainly focusing on electrochemical biosensors, optical biosensors, photoelectrochemical biosensors, piezoelectric biosensors and aptamer sensors, are discussed. Specifically, the operation principles of biosensors, nanomaterials used in biosensors and the application of biosensors in tumor marker detection have been comprehensively reviewed and provided. Lastly, the challenges and prospects for developing effective biosensors for early cancer diagnosis are discussed.
Topics: Male; Humans; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biosensing Techniques; Nanostructures; Early Detection of Cancer; Neoplasms; Biomarkers
PubMed: 36364157
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217327 -
Gene Aug 2017Human CAXII was initially identified as a cancer marker in different cancers and tumors. Expression of CAXII is regulated by hypoxia and estrogen receptors. CAXII... (Review)
Review
Human CAXII was initially identified as a cancer marker in different cancers and tumors. Expression of CAXII is regulated by hypoxia and estrogen receptors. CAXII expression has been also detected in several tissues, whereas in cancer and tumor tissues its expression is several fold higher. In brain tumors, an alternatively spliced form of CAXII is expressed. Higher expression of CAXII in breast cancer is indicative of lower grade disease. CAXII plays a key role in several physiological functions. Mutation in the CAXII gene causes cystic fibrosis-like syndrome and salt wasting disease. CAXII is also seen in nuclear pulposus cells of the vertebrae. Aging dependent stiffness or degeneration of backbone correlates with CAXII expression level. This finding suggests a possible implication of CAXII as a biomarker for chronic back pain and a pharmacological target for possible treatment of chronic back pain.
Topics: Aging; Alternative Splicing; Back Pain; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carbonic Anhydrases; Cystic Fibrosis; Humans; Mutation; Neoplasms
PubMed: 28433659
DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.04.027 -
Tumour Biology : the Journal of the... 2024Clinical laboratories are responsible for performing lung cancer tumor marker testing as part of routine clinical care. It is their responsibility to guarantee that...
Clinical laboratories are responsible for performing lung cancer tumor marker testing as part of routine clinical care. It is their responsibility to guarantee that the reported tumor marker results are reliable and meet the necessary quality standards for proper clinical use. During the different laboratory phases, pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical, specific steps and processes can introduce errors and generate incorrect clinical interpretation. This editorial briefly outlines critical laboratory issues related to lung cancer tumor markers, specific for each of these three laboratory phases.
Topics: Humans; Laboratories, Clinical; Lung Neoplasms; Laboratories; Biomarkers, Tumor
PubMed: 38517828
DOI: 10.3233/TUB-240005 -
Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory... Mar 2022Biological variation data (BV) can be used for different applications, but this depends on the availability of robust and relevant BV data. In this study, we aimed to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
Biological variation data (BV) can be used for different applications, but this depends on the availability of robust and relevant BV data. In this study, we aimed to summarize and appraise BV studies for tumor markers, to examine the influence of study population characteristics and concentrations on BV estimates and to discuss the applicability of BV data for tumor markers in clinical practice.
METHODS
Studies reporting BV data for tumor markers related to gastrointestinal, prostate, breast, ovarian, haematological, lung, and dermatological cancers were identified by a systematic literature search. Relevant studies were evaluated by the Biological Variation Data Critical Appraisal Checklist (BIVAC) and meta-analyses were performed for BIVAC compliant studies to deliver global estimates of within-subject (CV) and between-subject (CV) BV with 95% CI.
RESULTS
The systematic review identified 49 studies delivering results for 22 tumor markers; four papers received BIVAC grade A, 3 B, 27 C and 15 D. Out of these, 29 CV and 29 CV estimates met the criteria to be included in the meta-analysis. Robust data are lacking to conclude on the relationship between BV and different disease states and tumor marker concentrations.
CONCLUSIONS
This review identifies a lack of high-quality BV studies for many tumor markers and a need for delivery of BIVAC compliant studies, including in different disease states and tumor marker concentrations. As of yet, the state-of-the-art may still be the most appropriate model to establish analytical performance specifications for the majority of tumor markers.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Checklist; Humans; Male
PubMed: 35143717
DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-0725 -
Ginekologia Polska 2016The choice of management for patients with adnexal tumors requires careful pre-surgical assessment. In case of adnexal masses, the diagnostic difficulties arise from the... (Review)
Review
The choice of management for patients with adnexal tumors requires careful pre-surgical assessment. In case of adnexal masses, the diagnostic difficulties arise from the heterogenic nature of the adnexal diseases, presence of multiple functional changes, and lack of early symptoms of malignancy. A reliable pre-surgical differentiation cannot be performed using clinical features, ultrasound examination, or tumor markers alone. New diagnostic techniques and novel markers are under investigations, however no single test can be used to conclusively differentiate between malignant and non-malignant adnexal masses. Mathematical models and scoring systems based on different clinical, ultrasonographic and laboratory parameters alone or together may facilitate the diagnosis. Selected mathematical models and scoring systems are presented in this article. Models using only ultrasound features include simple rules, regression models, Gynecologic Imaging Report and Data System, and various morphologic scores. Some logistic regression models are based on multiple clinical and ultrasound data. The OVA1 test is based on five tumor markers without using other data. The Risk of Malignancy Algorithm uses two tumor markers with one clinical parameter. i.e. the menopausal status. Some models used clinical, ultrasound and tumor marker data together. This group of models includes risk of malignancy indices, artificial neural networks, and the ADNEX model. Although some of these models have been compared in the literature, more prospective studies are needed to select the most effective model, to develop the existing models, or to create new more effective models of oncological assessment of the adnexal tumors.
Topics: Adnexal Diseases; Biomarkers, Tumor; CA-125 Antigen; Female; Humans; Models, Theoretical; Ovarian Neoplasms; Predictive Value of Tests; Risk Assessment; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
PubMed: 28098934
DOI: 10.5603/GP.2016.0096 -
Journal of Cancer Research and... Nov 2014Aurora kinase family is a group of serine/threonine protein kinase. It is the main regulator in mitosis, including centrosome regulation, spindle formation, and... (Review)
Review
Aurora kinase family is a group of serine/threonine protein kinase. It is the main regulator in mitosis, including centrosome regulation, spindle formation, and chromosome separation. Aurora-A is an oncogene that is highly expressed in various human tumors, including osteosarcoma. Its high expression level and malignance and tumor metastasis are correlated. Aurora-A is a potential tumor marker. The progress of Aurora-A kinase in tumor research is summarized in this article.
Topics: Animals; Aurora Kinase A; Biomarkers, Tumor; Humans; Mitosis; Osteosarcoma
PubMed: 25450266
DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.145804 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Dec 2023Limited studies have investigated the differences between the levels of plasma coagulants and tumor markers in ovarian cancer. Therefore, we conducted this study to...
Limited studies have investigated the differences between the levels of plasma coagulants and tumor markers in ovarian cancer. Therefore, we conducted this study to determine and compare the level of coagulation, fibrinolysis and tumor markers in patients with benign and malignant ovarian tumors. This cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2022 and February 2023 in Imam Hossein Hospital on patients with ovarian mass. Laboratory tests included platelet count, PT, INR, PTT, fibrinogen and D-dimer were sent to the pathology laboratory to be examined by a pathologist. Based on histopathology, patients were divided into benign, borderline and malignant groups. Logistic regression was used for determine predictors of malignancy. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and their corresponding 95% CI were determined for the predictor value of the full model. From 141 investigated patients, tumor type in 124 (87.94%) patients were benign, in 12 (8.51%) was malignant and in 5 (3.55%) was borderline. D-dimer, Ca-125 and HE4 were significantly higher in the patients with malignant tumor type (P<0.001), whereas AFP was significantly higher in patients with borderline tumor type (P<0.001). With one-unit increase in D-dimer odds of borderline/malignant tumor 0.3% increases (OR=1.003, 95% CI: 1.001, 1.006) and with one-unit increase in Ca-125 odds of borderline/malignant tumor 1% increases (OR=1.01, 95% CI: 1.003, 1.02). We found that plasma fibrinogen, D-dimer and Ca-125 levels are independently associated with malignant ovarian tumors and combined use of these markers has the high discriminant power for distinction of benign and malignant ovarian masses.
.Topics: Humans; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; Biomarkers, Tumor; Predictive Value of Tests; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; Fibrinogen; CA-125 Antigen
PubMed: 38156862
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.12.4263 -
Cancer Control : Journal of the Moffitt... 2023Tumor markers (TMs) are important for the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC). However, the prognostic importance of the tumor marker index (TMI) based on GC-specific TMs...
BACKGROUND
Tumor markers (TMs) are important for the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC). However, the prognostic importance of the tumor marker index (TMI) based on GC-specific TMs for advanced gastric cancer (AGC) still needs to be further explored.
METHODS
We retrospectively examined patients who underwent radical gastric cancer surgery between February 2014 and June 2016 at the Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University. The patients were divided into training and validation groups. TMI was determined as the geometric mean of the standard cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels. Patient overall survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Independent prognosis-associated risk factors were identified using Cox hazard regression models. A nomogram model incorporating TMI and clinicopathological factors was developed, and its performance was evaluated using a decision curve analysis, concordance index, and calibration plots.
RESULTS
In the TMI training cohort, the cutoff value was set at .439, categorizing patients into TMI-High and TMI-Low groups. The 5-year survival rate in the TMI-Low group significantly surpassed that in the TMI-High group (78.2% vs 58.1% and 49.7 vs 41.6, < .001). TMI emerged as an independent prognostic factor. The nomogram accurately predicted patient prognosis by using TMI and clinicopathological characteristics. Validation of the TMI in the independent cohort yielded satisfactory results.
CONCLUSION
The TMI constructed based on specific TMs associated with gastric cancer can offer a precise prognostic prediction for patients.
Topics: Humans; Biomarkers, Tumor; Stomach Neoplasms; Neoplasm Staging; Retrospective Studies; Prognosis
PubMed: 37728233
DOI: 10.1177/10732748231202466