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PeerJ 2022Although studies have shown that Bacteroidetes, Clostridiales, and Lactobacillales are the main components of the microbial community in pit mud during the brewing of...
BACKGROUND
Although studies have shown that Bacteroidetes, Clostridiales, and Lactobacillales are the main components of the microbial community in pit mud during the brewing of Luzhou-flavored liquor, little is known about the effect of brewing materials on spatial structures of this microbiome.
METHODS
High-throughput sequencing of the V4-V5 region of prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene was performed to analyze the microbial community diversity and spatial heterogeneity in Luzhou-flavored liquor pit muds with different brewing ingredients. The structural characteristics and heterogeneous spatial distribution of the pit mud microbial communities were examined using bioinformatics and multivariate statistical analysis methods.
RESULTS
Our results showed that Euryarchaeota, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chlorobi, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Synergistetes, Tenericutes, and WWE1 were the dominant phyla in the pit mud microbiome. The Shannon and Simpson indices of the pit mud microbiome with three grains (M3G) in the upper layer were significantly lower than those in middle layer and bottom, whereas those of the pit mud microbiome with five grains (M5G) in bottom were significantly lower than those in middle layer ( < 0.05). There were significant differences in the microbial community compositions between the pit muds with different brewing ingredients and locations in the same pit ( < 0.05). T78 of Anaerolinaceae, , , , , and vadinCA02 of Synergistaceae were significantly enriched in M3G, whereas , , , , , , , , , RFN20 of Erysipelotrichaceae, , 125ds10 of Alteromonadales, , and were significantly enriched in M5G. This study provides a theoretical basis for exploring the influence of brewing ingredients in pit muds on the production of Luzhou-flavored liquor and the specific influence of pit mud microorganisms in different locations on liquor production.
Topics: RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Fermentation; Bacteria; Alcoholic Beverages; Microbiota; Firmicutes; Bacteroidetes
PubMed: 35282287
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12987 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Linezolid is a critically important oxazolidinone antibiotic used in human medicine. Although linezolid is not licensed for use in food-producing animals, the use of...
BACKGROUND
Linezolid is a critically important oxazolidinone antibiotic used in human medicine. Although linezolid is not licensed for use in food-producing animals, the use of florfenicol in veterinary medicine co-selects for oxazolidinone resistance genes.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to assess the occurrence of , and in florfenicol-resistant isolates from beef cattle and veal calves from different herds in Switzerland.
METHODS
A total of 618 cecal samples taken from beef cattle and veal calves at slaughter originating from 199 herds were cultured after an enrichment step on a selective medium containing 10 mg/L florfenicol. Isolates were screened by PCR for , and which are genes known to confer resistance to oxazolidinones and phenicols. One isolate per PCR-positive species and herd was selected for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS).
RESULTS
Overall, 105 florfenicol-resistant isolates were obtained from 99 (16%) of the samples, corresponding to 4% of the beef cattle herds and 24% of the veal calf herds. Screening by PCR revealed the presence of in 95 (90%) and in 22 (21%) of the isolates. None of the isolates contained . Isolates included for AST and WGS analysis were (.) ( = 14), ( = 12), ( = 1), ( = 2), ( = 1), (.) ( = 2), (.) ( = 1), and (.) ( = 1). Thirteen isolates exhibited phenotypic linezolid resistance. Three novel OptrA variants were identified. Multilocus sequence typing identified four ST18 belonging to hospital-associated clade A1. There was a difference in the replicon profile among and -harboring plasmids, with rep9 (RepA_) plasmids dominating in -harboring and rep2 (Inc18) and rep29 (Rep_3) plasmids in -carrying .
CONCLUSION
Beef cattle and veal calves are reservoirs for enterococci with acquired linezolid resistance genes and . The presence of ST18 highlights the zoonotic potential of some bovine isolates. The dispersal of clinically relevant oxazolidinone resistance genes throughout a wide variety of species including spp., , and the probiotic in food-producing animals is a public health concern.
PubMed: 37389336
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1150070 -
Microbiology Spectrum Dec 20225-Fluorouracil (5-FU), irinotecan (CPT-11), oxaliplatin (L-OHP), and calcium folinate (CF) are widely used chemotherapeutic drugs to treat colorectal cancer. However,...
Chemotherapeutic Drugs Induce Different Gut Microbiota Disorder Pattern and NOD/RIP2/NF-κB Signaling Pathway Activation That Lead to Different Degrees of Intestinal Injury.
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), irinotecan (CPT-11), oxaliplatin (L-OHP), and calcium folinate (CF) are widely used chemotherapeutic drugs to treat colorectal cancer. However, chemotherapeutic use is often accompanied by intestinal inflammation and gut microbiota disorder. Changes in gut microbiota may destroy the intestinal barrier, which contributes to the severity of intestinal injury. However, intestinal injury and gut microbiota disorder have yet to be compared among 5-FU, CPT-11, L-OHP, and CF in detail, thereby limiting the development of targeted detoxification therapy after chemotherapy. In this study, a model of chemotherapy-induced intestinal injury in tumor-bearing mice was established by intraperitoneally injecting chemotherapeutic drugs at a clinically equivalent dose. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to detect gut microbiota. We found that 5-FU, CPT-11, and l-OHP caused intestinal injury, inflammatory cytokine (gamma interferon [IFN-γ], tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], interleukin-1β [IL-1β], and IL-6) secretion, and gut microbiota disorder. We established a complex but clear network between the pattern of changes in gut microbiota and degree of intestinal damage induced by different chemotherapeutic drugs. L-OHP caused the most severe damage in the intestine and disorder of the gut microbiota and showed a considerable overlap of the pattern of changes in microbiota with 5-FU and CPT-11. Analysis by Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt v.1.0) showed that the microbiota disorder pattern induced by 5-FU, CPT-11, and L-OHP was related to the NOD-like signaling pathway. Therefore, we detected the protein expression of the NOD/RIP2/NF-κB signaling pathway and found that L-OHP most activated this pathway. Redundancy analysis/canonical correlation analysis (RDA/CCA) revealed that , , , , , , , Proteus, Escherichia , , , Streptococcus, and " Saccharimonas" were highly correlated with the NOD/RIP2/NF-κB signaling pathway and influenced by chemotherapeutic drugs. Chemotherapy-induced intestinal injury limits the clinical use of drugs. Intestinal injury involves multiple signaling pathways and gut microbiota disruption. Our results suggested that the degree of intestinal injury caused by different drugs of the first-line colorectal chemotherapy regimen is related to the pattern of changes in microbiota. The activation of the NOD/RIP2/NF-κB signaling pathway was also related to the pattern of changes in microbiota. l-OHP caused the most severe damage to the intestine and showed a considerable overlap of the pattern of changes in microbiota with 5-FU and CPT-11. Thirteen bacterial genera were related to different levels of intestinal injury and correlated with the NOD/RIP2/NF-κB pathway. Here, we established a network of different chemotherapeutic drugs, gut microbiota, and the NOD/RIP2/NF-κB signaling pathway. This study likely provided a new basis for further elucidating the mechanism and clinical treatment of intestinal injury caused by chemotherapy.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Antineoplastic Agents; Fluorouracil; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Intestinal Diseases; Irinotecan; NF-kappa B; Oxaliplatin; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 36222691
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01677-22 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2022Lipidic metabolites play essential roles in host physiological health and growth performance, serving as the major structural and signaling components of membranes,...
Lipidomics for Determining Giant Panda Responses in Serum and Feces Following Exposure to Different Amount of Bamboo Shoot Consumption: A First Step towards Lipidomic Atlas of Bamboo, Giant Panda Serum and Feces by Means of GC-MS and UHPLC-HRMS/MS.
Lipidic metabolites play essential roles in host physiological health and growth performance, serving as the major structural and signaling components of membranes, energy storage molecules, and steroid hormones. Bamboo, as wild giant pandas' exclusive diet, is the main determinant of giant pandas' lipidome, both as a direct source and through microbiota activity. Interestingly, the consumption of bamboo has attracted little attention from a lipidomic perspective. In the current study, we outline the lipidomic atlas of different parts of bamboo. By gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), we have been able to obtain the absolute quantification of 35 fatty acids pertaining to short chain fatty acids (8), medium chain fatty acids (6), long chain fatty acids (17), and very long chain fatty acids (4), while liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS) allowed us to obtain the relative quantification of another 1638 lipids. Among the fatty acids quantified in absolute terms, eight showed significantly distinct concentrations among different bamboo parts. Subsequently, we investigated how the giant panda's serum and fecal lipidome adapt to the most important annual change in their diet, represented by the consumption of high amounts of bamboo shoots, typical of spring, the weight-gaining season. Five fatty acids were significantly altered in feces and two in serum, respectively, due to the different levels of bamboo shoot consumption. Furthermore, significant differences of the main bacteria strains were observed in feces between the two groups at the genus level, pertaining to , , and Correlations between giant panda fecal microbiome and lipidome were evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis. These findings suggest that a balanced diet, important for the overall lipidomic function and giant panda health, could be reached even in this remarkable case of a single food-based diet, by administering to the giant panda's combinations of different parts of bamboo, with specific lipidome profiles.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Fatty Acids; Feces; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hormones; Lipidomics; Lipids; Ursidae; Vegetables
PubMed: 36232846
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911544 -
Parasites & Vectors Dec 2021As a pervasive insect that transmits a variety of pathogens to humans and animals, the housefly has abundant and diverse microbial communities in its intestines. These...
BACKGROUND
As a pervasive insect that transmits a variety of pathogens to humans and animals, the housefly has abundant and diverse microbial communities in its intestines. These gut microbes play an important role in the biology of insects and form a symbiotic relationship with the host insect. Alterations in the structure of the gut microbial community would affect larval development. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanism regulating the influence of specific bacteria on the development of housefly larvae.
METHODS
For this study we selected the intestinal symbiotic bacterium Enterobacter hormaechei, which is beneficial to the growth and development of housefly larvae, and used it as a probiotic supplement in larval feed. 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology was used to explore the effect of E. hormaechei on the intestinal flora of housefly larvae, and plate confrontation experiments were performed to study the interaction between E. hormaechei and intestinal microorganisms.
RESULTS
The composition of the gut microflora of the larvae changed after the larvae were fed E. hormaechei, with the abundance of Pseudochrobactrum, Enterobacter and Vagococcus increasing and that of Klebsiella and Bacillus decreasing. Analysis of the structure and interaction of larval intestinal flora revealed that E. hormaechei inhibited the growth of harmful bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Providencia stuartii and Providencia vermicola, and promoted the reproduction of beneficial bacteria.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study has explored the influence of specific beneficial bacteria on the intestinal flora of houseflies. The results of this study reveal the important role played by specific beneficial bacteria on the development of housefly larvae and provide insight for the development of sustained biological agents for housefly control through interference of gut microbiota.
Topics: Animals; Enterobacter; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Houseflies; Humans; Intestines; Larva; Male; Probiotics; Symbiosis
PubMed: 34876203
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05053-1 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2021Antimicrobials are widely applied in aquaculture for treatment of infectious diseases in fish. The increased antimicrobial resistance of fish pathogens to conventional...
Antimicrobials are widely applied in aquaculture for treatment of infectious diseases in fish. The increased antimicrobial resistance of fish pathogens to conventional antimicrobial treatment highlights the need for research on the antibacterial properties of natural products-in this case, essential oils (EOs). The aim of the present study was to detect the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils on pathogenic microorganisms found in freshwater fish. Freshwater fish isolates of spp., spp., spp., spp., spp., spp., spp., and spp. were tested for antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial activity against 14 commercially available essential oils. Antimicrobial resistance was identified in spp. isolates against cefepime and ciprofloxacin; while all , , and isolates were fully susceptible. All tested EOs revealed antimicrobial activity against the tested freshwater fish isolates at different extents. exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against spp. (3.12 μL/mL), spp. (0.78-1.56 μL/mL), and spp. with the MIC method. EOs of and showed strong antibacterial activity against spp. and spp. (6.25 μL/mL). The study shows the antimicrobial activity of EOs against the most relevant freshwater fish pathogens and indicates the application opportunities in aquaculture.
PubMed: 34206270
DOI: 10.3390/plants10071265 -
International Journal of Microbiology 2023Zambia has seen rapid development in aquaculture, and in recent years, the industry has experienced disease outbreaks where fish have increasingly become a potential...
Zambia has seen rapid development in aquaculture, and in recent years, the industry has experienced disease outbreaks where fish have increasingly become a potential contributor to emerging bacterial zoonotic diseases. The aim of this study was to identify bacterial pathogens with zoonotic potential in apparently healthy fish and water from their habitat. A total of sixty-three fish were sampled, and fifty-nine water samples were collected from the habitats of these fish. Bacteria were cultured from the internal organs of fish and water, and these were identified through standard bacteriological methods comprising morphological characterization, Gram-staining, and a panel of biochemical tests. The following bacterial pathogens with zoonotic potential were identified at a farm prevalence of (13.2%), (2.1%), (2.1%), (0.7%), (6.9%), (2.1%), (0.7%), (18.1%), and (0.7). Other bacteria with varying significance as fish pathogens identified included (2.1%), (1.4%), (1.4%), (2.1%), (10.4%), (3.5%), (1.4%), (1.4%), (2.1%), (4.2%), (6.9%), (1.4%), (1.4%), (6.3%), (1.4%), (1.4%), (0.7%), and (0.7%). The current study provides baseline information for future reference and the implementation of public health guidelines with regard to potential zoonotic diseases in fish.
PubMed: 37333886
DOI: 10.1155/2023/6650378 -
Journal of Cardiology Cases Oct 2019A 70-year-old male with a past history of coronary artery bypass grafting, presented with high-grade fever and rapidly progressive dyspnea for 3 days. He was febrile and...
A 70-year-old male with a past history of coronary artery bypass grafting, presented with high-grade fever and rapidly progressive dyspnea for 3 days. He was febrile and a prominent diastolic murmur was noted in the aortic area. Transesophageal echocardiography showed severe aortic regurgitation with multiple mobile vegetations attached to both supra- and infravalvular surfaces of aortic valve. Blood cultures grew which was confirmed with identification and antibiotic susceptibility test testing and S16 RNA sequencing. The patient underwent aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthetic valve. Repeat blood culture was sterile. He was continued on vancomycin injections for a total period of six weeks. Vagococcus is a unique genus of Gram-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic cocci that was identified in 1989. The only other documented case of vagococcal endocarditis involving mitral and aortic valves had a similar rapidly progressive presentation with extensive valvular damage. infection appears to have fulminant course with sudden deterioration requiring surgical intervention. <: The objective in publishing this case report is multipronged. First is the rarity of the human infection by vagococci. The difficulty in accurate diagnosis of vagococcus from other lactobacilli. Vagococcus infection appears to have fulminant course with complete destruction of the valve involved, when compared to other lactobacilli. Therefore early and accurate diagnosis with surgical valvular replacement is the best way to manage this condition.>.
PubMed: 31969941
DOI: 10.1016/j.jccase.2019.07.001 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Smoked horsemeat sausage is a famous fermented traditional food in Xinjiang, China. However, the microbial diversity and its potential contributions to the flavor...
Smoked horsemeat sausage is a famous fermented traditional food in Xinjiang, China. However, the microbial diversity and its potential contributions to the flavor components of smoked horsemeat sausage are unclear. In this study, the microbial community and flavor components of smoked horsemeat sausage from six regions of Xinjiang were measured by using amplicon sequencing and headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) technology, respectively. Relations among microbial communities, flavor components and environmental factors were subsequently predicted based on redundancy analysis (RDA) and Monte Carlo permutation tests. Although smoked horsemeat sausage samples from different regions possessed distinct microbial communities, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were identified as the dominant consortium in smoked horsemeat sausage. , , , and were detected at high abundance in different sausages. The moisture content, nitrite content, and pH of the sausage might be important factors influencing the dominant bacterial community, according to the RDA. Among the dominant consortia, the eight core bacterial genera showed considerable correlations with the formation of sixteen volatile compounds in smoked horsemeat sausage based on multivariate statistical analysis. For example, the levels of and were positively correlated with those of 1-hexadecanol, hexyl acetate, 2-methyl-phenol, 1-pentanol, d-limonene, and 2-heptanone, and the levels of , , and were negatively correlated with those of 1-octanol, acetic acid, octanal, heptanal, and 1-hexanol. This study will provide a theoretical basis for understanding the microbial metabolic modes of Xinjiang smoked horsemeat sausages.
PubMed: 35966695
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.942932 -
Environmental Research Feb 2023The disposal of healthcare waste without prior elimination of pathogens and hazardous contaminants has negative effects on the environment and public health. This study...
Evaluation of pre-treated healthcare wastes during COVID-19 pandemic reveals pathogenic microbiota, antibiotics residues, and antibiotic resistance genes against beta-lactams.
The disposal of healthcare waste without prior elimination of pathogens and hazardous contaminants has negative effects on the environment and public health. This study aimed to profile the complete microbial community and correlate it with the antibiotic compounds identified in microwave pre-treated healthcare wastes collected from three different waste operators in Peninsular Malaysia. The bacterial and fungal compositions were determined via amplicon sequencing by targeting the full-length 16S rRNA gene and partial 18S with full-length ITS1-ITS2 regions, respectively. The antibiotic compounds were characterized using high-throughput spectrometry. There was significant variation in bacterial and fungal composition in three groups of samples, with alpha- (p-value = 0.04) and beta-diversity (p-values <0.006 and < 0.002), respectively. FC samples were found to acquire more pathogenic microorganisms than FA and FV samples. Paenibacillus and unclassified Bacilli genera were shared among three groups of samples, meanwhile, antibiotic-resistant bacteria Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus faecalis were found in modest quantities. A total of 19 antibiotic compounds were discovered and linked with the microbial abundance detected in the healthcare waste samples. The principal component analysis demonstrated a positive antibiotic-bacteria correlation for genera Pseudomonas, Aerococcus, Comamonas, and Vagococcus, while the other bacteria were negatively linked with antibiotics. Nevertheless, deep bioinformatic analysis confirmed the presence of bla and penP which are associated with the production of class A beta-lactamase and beta-lactam resistance pathways. Microorganisms and contaminants, which serve as putative indicators in healthcare waste treatment evaluation revealed the ineffectiveness of microbial inactivation using the microwave sterilization method. Our findings suggested that the occurrence of clinically relevant microorganisms, antibiotic contaminants, and associated antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) represent environmental and human health hazards when released into landfills via ARGs transmission.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Lactams; Genes, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Pandemics; COVID-19; Bacteria; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Microbiota
PubMed: 36565841
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115139