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The Journal of Thoracic and... Sep 2020
Topics: Aorta; Humans; Vascular Ring
PubMed: 32616348
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.03.160 -
Current Opinion in Nephrology and... Mar 2020This review provides an up-to-date understanding of how peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) exerts its cardioprotective effect in the vasculature... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review provides an up-to-date understanding of how peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) exerts its cardioprotective effect in the vasculature through its activation of novel PPARγ target genes in endothelium and vascular smooth muscle.
RECENT FINDINGS
In vascular endothelial cells, PPARγ plays a protective role by increasing nitric oxide bioavailability and preventing oxidative stress. RBP7 is a PPARγ target gene enriched in vascular endothelial cells, which is likely to form a positive feedback loop with PPARγ. In vascular smooth muscle cells, PPARγ antagonizes the renin-angiotensin system, maintains vascular integrity, suppresses vasoconstriction, and promotes vasodilation through distinct pathways. Rho-related BTB domain containing protein 1 (RhoBTB1) is a novel PPARγ gene target in vascular smooth muscle cells that mediates the protective effect of PPARγ by serving as a substrate adaptor between the Cullin-3 RING ubiquitin ligase and phosphodiesterase 5, thus restraining its activity through ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.
SUMMARY
In the vasculature, PPARγ exerts its cardioprotective effect through its transcriptional activity in endothelium and vascular smooth muscle. From the understanding of PPARγ's transcription targets in those pathways, novel hypertension therapy target(s) will emerge.
Topics: Animals; Endothelial Cells; Humans; Hypertension; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle; PPAR gamma; rho GTP-Binding Proteins
PubMed: 31789920
DOI: 10.1097/MNH.0000000000000579 -
Vascular Biology (Bristol, England) 2019PI3Ks belong to a family of lipid kinases that comprises eight isoforms. They phosphorylate the third position of the inositol ring present in phosphatidylinositol... (Review)
Review
PI3Ks belong to a family of lipid kinases that comprises eight isoforms. They phosphorylate the third position of the inositol ring present in phosphatidylinositol lipids and, in turn, activate a broad range of proteins. The PI3K pathway regulates primal cellular responses, including proliferation, migration, metabolism and vesicular traffic. These processes are fundamental for endothelial cell function during sprouting angiogenesis, the most common type of blood vessel formation. Research in animal models has revealed key functions of PI3K family members and downstream effectors in angiogenesis. In addition, perturbations in PI3K signalling have been associated with aberrant vascular growth including tumour angiogenesis and vascular malformations. Together, this highlights that endothelial cells are uniquely sensitive to fluctuations in PI3K signalling. Here, we aim to update the current view on this important signalling cue in physiological and pathological blood vessel growth.
PubMed: 32923964
DOI: 10.1530/VB-19-0025 -
Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy Apr 2018Congenital anomalies of the aortic arch include diverse subgroups of malformations that may be clinically silent or may present with severe respiratory or esophageal... (Review)
Review
Congenital anomalies of the aortic arch include diverse subgroups of malformations that may be clinically silent or may present with severe respiratory or esophageal symptoms especially when associated with complete vascular rings. These anomalies may be isolated or may be associated with other congenital heart diseases. Volume rendered computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) help in preoperative surgical planning by providing information about the complex relationship of aortic arch and its branches to the trachea and esophagus. Three dimensional capabilities of both computed tomography angiography (CTA) and MRA are helpful in determining evidence of tracheal or esophageal compression or other high-risk features in patients with a complete vascular ring.
PubMed: 29850417
DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2017.10.15