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American Journal of Physiology. Heart... Jul 2021The measurement of vascular function in isolated vessels has revealed important insights into the structural, functional, and biomechanical features of the normal and... (Review)
Review
The measurement of vascular function in isolated vessels has revealed important insights into the structural, functional, and biomechanical features of the normal and diseased cardiovascular system and has provided a molecular understanding of the cells that constitutes arteries and veins and their interaction. Further, this approach has allowed the discovery of vital pharmacological treatments for cardiovascular diseases. However, the expansion of the vascular physiology field has also brought new concerns over scientific rigor and reproducibility. Therefore, it is appropriate to set guidelines for the best practices of evaluating vascular function in isolated vessels. These guidelines are a comprehensive document detailing the best practices and pitfalls for the assessment of function in large and small arteries and veins. Herein, we bring together experts in the field of vascular physiology with the purpose of developing guidelines for evaluating ex vivo vascular function. By using this document, vascular physiologists will have consistency among methodological approaches, producing more reliable and reproducible results.
Topics: Animals; Arteries; Endothelium, Vascular; Microscopy; Myography; Reproducibility of Results; Vasoconstriction; Vasodilation; Veins
PubMed: 33989082
DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01021.2020 -
Circulation Research Mar 2022Pulmonary hypertension is an enigmatic, deleterious disease driven by multiple heterogeneous causes with a burgeoning proportion of older patients with complex, chronic... (Review)
Review
Pulmonary hypertension is an enigmatic, deleterious disease driven by multiple heterogeneous causes with a burgeoning proportion of older patients with complex, chronic comorbidities without adequate treatment options. The underlying endothelial pathophenotypes that direct vasoconstriction and panvascular remodeling remain both controversial and incompletely defined. This review discusses emerging concepts centered on endothelial senescence in pulmonary vascular disease. This principle proposes a more heterogeneous, dynamic pulmonary endothelium in disease; it provides a potentially unifying feature of endothelial dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension irrespective of cause; and it supports a clinically relevant link between aging and pulmonary hypertension like other chronic illnesses. Thus, taking cues from studies on aging and age-related diseases, we present possible opportunities and barriers to diagnostic and therapeutic targeting of senescence in pulmonary hypertension.
Topics: Cellular Senescence; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Lung; Vasoconstriction
PubMed: 35298304
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.319815 -
Autonomic Neuroscience : Basic &... Mar 2015Sympathetic vasoconstriction is normally attenuated in exercising muscle by local changes in muscle metabolites and other substances that reduce vascular responsiveness... (Review)
Review
Sympathetic vasoconstriction is normally attenuated in exercising muscle by local changes in muscle metabolites and other substances that reduce vascular responsiveness to α-adrenergic receptor activation. Termed functional sympatholysis, this protective mechanism is thought to optimize muscle blood flow distribution to match perfusion with metabolic demand. Emerging evidence from both animal and human studies indicate that functional sympatholysis is impaired in hypertension and may constitute an important underlying cause of skeletal muscle malperfusion during exercise in this common cardiovascular condition. Findings from studies of animal models of hypertension and patients with essential hypertension will be integrated in this review to provide insight into the underlying mechanisms responsible for inappropriate sympathetic vasoconstriction in exercising muscle and the treatment options that may restore functional sympatholysis and improve muscle perfusion during exercise.
Topics: Animals; Exercise; Humans; Hypertension; Muscle, Skeletal; Sympathetic Nervous System; Vasoconstriction
PubMed: 25458424
DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2014.10.019 -
RoFo : Fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiete Der... Jan 2018
Topics: Adult; Cerebral Angiography; Computed Tomography Angiography; Diagnosis, Differential; Headache Disorders, Primary; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Nimodipine; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Syndrome; Vasoconstriction; Vasospasm, Intracranial
PubMed: 28950385
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119891 -
Current Opinion in Pharmacology Apr 2021The intrinsic vascular smooth muscle contraction and vasoconstriction show time-of-day variations, contributing to the blood pressure circadian rhythm, which is... (Review)
Review
The intrinsic vascular smooth muscle contraction and vasoconstriction show time-of-day variations, contributing to the blood pressure circadian rhythm, which is essential for cardiovascular health. This brief review provides an overview of our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the time-of-day variations of vascular smooth muscle contraction. We discuss the potential contribution of the time-of-day variations of vasoconstriction to the physiological blood pressure circadian rhythm. Finally, we survey the data obtained in the type 2 diabetic db/db mouse model that demonstrate the alterations of the time-of-day variations of vasoconstriction and the nondipping blood pressure in diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Circadian Rhythm; Diabetes Mellitus; Mice; Vasoconstriction
PubMed: 33721615
DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.02.001 -
Annual Review of Physiology Feb 2023Resistance arteries and arterioles evolved as specialized blood vessels serving two important functions: () regulating peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure... (Review)
Review
Resistance arteries and arterioles evolved as specialized blood vessels serving two important functions: () regulating peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure and () matching oxygen and nutrient delivery to metabolic demands of organs. These functions require control of vessel lumen cross-sectional area (vascular tone) via coordinated vascular cell responses governed by precise spatial-temporal communication between intracellular signaling pathways. Herein, we provide a contemporary overview of the significant roles that redox switches play in calcium signaling for orchestrated endothelial, smooth muscle, and red blood cell control of arterial vascular tone. Three interrelated themes are the focus: () smooth muscle to endothelial communication for vasoconstriction, () endothelial to smooth muscle cell cross talk for vasodilation, and () oxygen and red blood cell interregulation of vascular tone and blood flow. We intend for this thematic framework to highlight gaps in our current knowledge and potentially spark interest for cross-disciplinary studies moving forward.
Topics: Humans; Microcirculation; Vasodilation; Vasoconstriction; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen
PubMed: 36763969
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-031522-021457 -
Anesthesiology Apr 2015Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) represents a fundamental difference between the pulmonary and systemic circulations. HPV is active in utero, reducing pulmonary... (Review)
Review
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) represents a fundamental difference between the pulmonary and systemic circulations. HPV is active in utero, reducing pulmonary blood flow, and in adults helps to match regional ventilation and perfusion although it has little effect in healthy lungs. Many factors affect HPV including pH or PCO2, cardiac output, and several drugs, including antihypertensives. In patients with lung pathology and any patient having one-lung ventilation, HPV contributes to maintaining oxygenation, so anesthesiologists should be aware of the effects of anesthesia on this protective reflex. Intravenous anesthetic drugs have little effect on HPV, but it is attenuated by inhaled anesthetics, although less so with newer agents. The reflex is biphasic, and once the second phase becomes active after about an hour of hypoxia, this pulmonary vasoconstriction takes hours to reverse when normoxia returns. This has significant clinical implications for repeated periods of one-lung ventilation.
Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Humans; Hypoxia; Lung; Pulmonary Circulation; Vasoconstriction
PubMed: 25587641
DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000569 -
Transactions of the American Clinical... 2017Cirrhosis leads to portal hypertension and vascular abnormalities in multiple vascular beds. There is intense vasoconstriction in the liver and the kidneys, but also... (Review)
Review
Cirrhosis leads to portal hypertension and vascular abnormalities in multiple vascular beds. There is intense vasoconstriction in the liver and the kidneys, but also vasodilation in the other vascular beds, including the periphery, lungs, brain, and mesentery. The derangement in each of these beds leads to specific clinical disease. The vasoconstrictive phenotype in the liver ultimately leads to clinical portal hypertension, and is caused by an imbalance of vasoconstrictive and vasorelaxing molecules, which will be the focus of this review.
Topics: Animals; Endothelial Cells; Gene Expression Regulation; Hepatic Stellate Cells; Humans; Hypertension, Portal; Liver Cirrhosis; Vasoconstriction; Vasodilation
PubMed: 28790516
DOI: No ID Found -
Experimental Physiology Apr 2023
Topics: Humans; Oxygen; Vasoconstriction; Iron; Hypoxia; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Pulmonary Gas Exchange; Pulmonary Circulation
PubMed: 36744659
DOI: 10.1113/EP091078 -
Experimental Physiology Feb 2021This short review was prompted by The Physiological Society's recent online symposium on variability. It does not deal with a specific methodology, but rather with the...
This short review was prompted by The Physiological Society's recent online symposium on variability. It does not deal with a specific methodology, but rather with the myth that certain environmentally-induced clinical conditions can be identified, quantified, simplified and monitored with a single methodology. Although this might be possible with some clinical conditions, others resist the prevailing reductionist approach of minimizing rather than exploring variation in pathogenesis and pathology, and will not be understood fully until the variation in cause and effect are embraced. This is likely to require comprehensive methodologies and collaboration.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Cold Injury; Humans; Vasoconstriction
PubMed: 33174651
DOI: 10.1113/EP089147