-
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders Aug 2019Verbal fluency deficits are common in patients with Parkinson's disease. The association of these impairments with regional neuropathological changes is unexplored.
BACKGROUND
Verbal fluency deficits are common in patients with Parkinson's disease. The association of these impairments with regional neuropathological changes is unexplored.
OBJECTIVES
Determine if patients with verbal fluency impairments have greater neuropathological burden in frontal, temporal, and limbic regions and if Lewy bodies or neurofibrillary tangles were associated with verbal fluency impairments.
METHODS
Data was derived from the Arizona Study of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders. 47 individuals who completed phonemic and semantic verbal fluency tasks and met clinicopathological criteria for Parkinson's disease (with and without comorbid Alzheimer's disease) were included. Impairment on fluency tasks was defined by normative data, and the density of neuropathology in temporal, limbic, and frontal regions was compared between groups.
RESULTS
Individuals with semantic fluency impairments had greater total pathology (Lewy bodies + neurofibrillary tangles) in limbic structures (W = 320.0, p = .033, r = .33), while those who had phonemic fluency impairments had increased total neuropathology in frontal (W = 364.5, p = .011, r = .37), temporal (W = 356.5, p = .022, r = .34), and limbic regions (W = 357.0, p = .024, r = .34). Greater Lewy body density was found in those with verbal fluency impairments, though trends for greater neurofibrillary tangle density were noted as well.
CONCLUSIONS
Impaired phonemic fluency was associated with higher Lewy body and tangle burden in frontal, temporal, and limbic regions, while impaired semantic fluency was associated with greater limbic pathology. Though neurofibrillary tangles trended higher in several regions in those with impaired verbal fluency, higher Lewy body density in general was associated with verbal fluency deficits. Implications for research and clinical practice are discussed.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Brain; Female; Humans; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Parkinson Disease; Semantics; Speech Disorders; Verbal Behavior
PubMed: 31109728
DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.05.014 -
Human Brain Mapping Apr 2017Creativity is imperative to the progression of human civilization, prosperity, and well-being. Past creative researches tends to emphasize the default mode network (DMN)...
Creativity is imperative to the progression of human civilization, prosperity, and well-being. Past creative researches tends to emphasize the default mode network (DMN) or the frontoparietal network (FPN) somewhat exclusively. However, little is known about how these networks interact to contribute to creativity and whether common or distinct brain networks are responsible for visual and verbal creativity. Here, we use functional connectivity analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data to investigate visual and verbal creativity-related regions and networks in 282 healthy subjects. We found that functional connectivity within the bilateral superior parietal cortex of the FPN was negatively associated with visual and verbal creativity. The strength of connectivity between the DMN and FPN was positively related to both creative domains. Visual creativity was negatively correlated with functional connectivity within the precuneus of the pDMN and right middle frontal gyrus of the FPN, and verbal creativity was negatively correlated with functional connectivity within the medial prefrontal cortex of the aDMN. Critically, the FPN mediated the relationship between the aDMN and verbal creativity, and it also mediated the relationship between the pDMN and visual creativity. Taken together, decreased within-network connectivity of the FPN and DMN may allow for flexible between-network coupling in the highly creative brain. These findings provide indirect evidence for the cooperative role of the default and executive control networks in creativity, extending past research by revealing common and distinct brain systems underlying verbal and visual creative cognition. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2094-2111, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topics: Brain; Brain Mapping; Creativity; Female; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Intelligence; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Models, Neurological; Neural Pathways; Photic Stimulation; Regression Analysis; Rest; Verbal Behavior; Young Adult
PubMed: 28084656
DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23507 -
CoDAS 2021The aim of this study is to analyze and compare the performance and strategies used by control subjects and patients with unilateral brain damage on phonemic and...
PURPOSE
The aim of this study is to analyze and compare the performance and strategies used by control subjects and patients with unilateral brain damage on phonemic and semantic Verbal Fluency tasks.
METHODS
The sample consisted of 104 participants divided into four groups (26 with left hemisphere damage and aphasia- LHDa, 28 with left hemisphere damage and no aphasia- LHDna, 25 with right hemisphere damage- RHD and 25 neurologically healthy control subjects). All participants were administered the phonemic ("M" letter-based) and semantic (animals) verbal fluency tasks from the Montreal-Toulouse Language Assessment Battery (MTL-BR).
RESULTS
Patients in the LHDa group showed the worst performance (fewer words produced, fewer clusters and switches) in both types of fluency task. RHD group showed fewer switching productions when compared with controls and LHDna had fewer words productions than controls in the first 30 seconds block.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that the LHDa group obtained lower scores in most measures of SVF and PVF when compared to the other groups.
Topics: Animals; Aphasia; Brain; Brain Injuries; Cluster Analysis; Humans; Neuropsychological Tests; Semantics; Verbal Behavior
PubMed: 34816946
DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20212020365 -
Developmental Psychology Sep 2017To investigate the developmental course of aggression and peer victimization in childhood and adolescence, distinct subgroups of children were identified based on...
To investigate the developmental course of aggression and peer victimization in childhood and adolescence, distinct subgroups of children were identified based on similarities and differences in their physical, verbal and relational aggression, and victimization. Developmental continuity and change were assessed by examining transitions within and between subgroups from Grades 1 to 11. This longitudinal study consisted of 482 children (50% females) and was based on peer report data on multiple forms of aggression and peer victimization. Using person-centered methods including latent profile and latent transition analyses, most of the identified subgroups were distinguishable by their frequencies (i.e., levels) of aggression and victimization, rather than forms (physical, verbal, and relational), with the exception of 1 group that appeared to be more form-specific. Across subgroups, multiple developmental patterns emerged characterized as early and late-onset, social interactional continuity, desistance, and heterotypic pathways. Collectively, these pathways support the perspective that the development of aggression and peer victimization in childhood and adolescence is characterized by heterogeneity. (PsycINFO Database Record
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Development; Age Factors; Aggression; Bullying; Child; Child Development; Crime Victims; Exercise; Female; Humans; Male; Peer Group; Probability; Sex Factors; Statistics as Topic; Verbal Behavior
PubMed: 28530437
DOI: 10.1037/dev0000357 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2020Some of the more protective and favorable factors for the development and health in children and teenagers are family and sport, so family involvement in the children's...
Some of the more protective and favorable factors for the development and health in children and teenagers are family and sport, so family involvement in the children's sports activities is vital in their sports process. The purpose of this study was to analyze the verbal behavior (positive, negative, and neutral comments) of family spectators of school-age athletes regarding sociodemographic and sporting variables. The sample consisted of 190 family spectators of 215 male and female ( = 11.66; = 1.60) football, basketball, and volleyball players. The Parents' Observation Instrument at Sport Events (POISE) was used for the observation and LINCE was used to codify the verbal comments made. After registering 38,829 comments, the results showed statistically significant differences in relation to the comments made and the gender of athletes, geographical area, kind of sport, and the sporting category. The findings highlight that in a competitive environment, the comments made by spectators related to athletes do not seem to be initiators of potentially violent situations but rather are dependent on the atmosphere in question. Further research is required in this area to foster positive conduct relating to grassroots sports.
Topics: Adolescent; Athletes; Basketball; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Soccer; Verbal Behavior; Volleyball
PubMed: 32079273
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041286 -
The Journals of Gerontology. Series B,... Dec 2022There is evidence that loneliness is detrimental to cognitive health. Most studies, however, do not consider the association between loneliness and cognition in the...
OBJECTIVES
There is evidence that loneliness is detrimental to cognitive health. Most studies, however, do not consider the association between loneliness and cognition in the context of close relationships, such as a spouse or romantic partner. This study examines loneliness, experienced by both the individual and their romantic partner, and cognitive performance.
METHODS
Data were from 24,689 opposite-sex couples (49,378 participants) from 28 countries in the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe. Each couple participant reported loneliness and completed memory and verbal fluency tasks. A multilevel sex-stratified analysis was used to account for the nested data structure and evaluate actor and partner effects of loneliness on cognitive performance for male and female partners.
RESULTS
Consistent with the literature, there were small actor effects of loneliness on memory and verbal fluency for both males and females: A person's own loneliness was associated negatively with their cognitive performance on both tasks. There were also small partner effects: A person with a partner who was lonely tended to have worse cognitive performance above and beyond their own loneliness. Actor and partners effects were similar for male and female partners, replicated in most countries, and generally held controlling for age, education, household size, and disease burden. For memory, loneliness effects were slightly stronger among older participants.
DISCUSSION
Both the experience of loneliness and loneliness of a partner have a negative association with cognitive health.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Aging; Loneliness; Memory, Episodic; Multilevel Analysis; Sexual Partners; Surveys and Questionnaires; Verbal Behavior
PubMed: 35758343
DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac086 -
Neuropsychologia Aug 2018Neuroimaging studies have reported overlapping neural circuits for cognitive control when engaging in tasks that involve verbal and nonverbal stimuli in young adult...
Neuroimaging studies have reported overlapping neural circuits for cognitive control when engaging in tasks that involve verbal and nonverbal stimuli in young adult bilinguals. However, no study to date has examined the neural basis of verbal and nonverbal task switching in both monolinguals and bilinguals due to the inherent challenge of testing verbal task switching with monolinguals. Therefore, it is not clear whether the finding for overlapping networks is unique to bilingualism or indicative of general cognitive control. To address this question, the current study compared functional neural activation for young adults who were bilingual speakers of English and French or monolingual English speakers who had limited French learning experience ("functional monolinguals") on verbal and nonverbal task switching. Analyses showed common variance explaining general cognitive control in task switching across verbal and nonverbal domains for both groups, in line with the explanation that task switching involves general cognitive control, as well as unique brain regions recruited by monolinguals and bilinguals. Specifically, beyond the processing common to the tasks, monolinguals also recruited distinct networks for each of verbal and nonverbal switching but bilinguals used a common shared network. Thus, the domain-general aspect of switching is different for monolinguals and bilinguals.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain; Brain Mapping; Cognition; Humans; Intelligence Tests; Language; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Multilingualism; Neural Pathways; Neuropsychological Tests; Oxygen; Photic Stimulation; Psycholinguistics; Reaction Time; Verbal Behavior; Visual Perception; Young Adult
PubMed: 29959966
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.06.023 -
Neurology India 2021Verbal fluency test is a short psychometric test, which is sensitive to verbal ability and executive control impairment. We did not find studies that analyze verbal...
INTRODUCTION
Verbal fluency test is a short psychometric test, which is sensitive to verbal ability and executive control impairment. We did not find studies that analyze verbal fluency in relation to the neurodevelopmental disorders in Spanish-speaking children with letters P-M. Our objective was to analyze the verbal fluency of Spanish-speaking children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
METHOD
We carried out a retrospective cross-sectional study to analyze the performance of children who had undergone a neuropsychological assessment.
RESULTS
We included 164 patients. There were 55 (33.54%) patients with low intellectual performance (LIP), 19 (11.59%) patients with dyslexia , and 90 (54.88%) patients had an ADHD. Patients with LIP showed lower phonological fluency than patients with ADHD. As for semantic fluidity, differences were observed between patients with LIP and ADHD and also between LIP and dyslexia. The probability of having LIP was 9.6 times greater when somebody had a scale score lower than 7 in the PF task and it was 16.7 times greater when the scale score was lower than 7 in the SF task.
CONCLUSIONS
There was a direct relationship between FSIQ and the performance in verbal fluency test, which is a brief and effective neuropsychological test in revealing deficits in executive functions, verbal abilities, and LIP.
Topics: Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Linguistics; Neurodevelopmental Disorders; Neuropsychological Tests; Retrospective Studies; Verbal Behavior
PubMed: 33642279
DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.310066 -
Reproductive Health Mar 2020Effective communication by maternity care staff can help a woman during labor and birth have a positive birth experience. Due to limited knowledge regarding this topic...
Role of verbal and non-verbal communication of health care providers in general satisfaction with birth care: a cross-sectional study in government health settings of Erbil City, Iraq.
BACKGROUND
Effective communication by maternity care staff can help a woman during labor and birth have a positive birth experience. Due to limited knowledge regarding this topic in Iraqi Kurdistan, therefore, this study assessed: 1) The level of women's satisfaction regarding verbal and non-verbal communication of midwives and physicians in the delivery room and 2) the association between this satisfaction level and socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics of the women and their general satisfaction with care during labor and delivery.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted on a convenient sample of 1196 women recruited between January and March 2019 from Erbil city, Iraq, who gave birth in the year before that. Data were collected from women through direct interview. A questionnaire which included sociodemographic, obstetrical information and 28 items related to verbal and non-verbal communication of physicians and midwives in the delivery room was used. Chi-square tests were used to find the association between dependent and independent variables.
RESULTS
Although 58.4% of the women were generally satisfied with communication of midwives and physicians in the delivery room, a large percentage (41.6%) were not satisfied. Only 14.6 and 27.3% of the women were completely satisfied with verbal and non-verbal communication of health care providers, respectively. There was a statistically significant association between women's satisfaction with care during labor and their satisfaction with health care providers' communication; 70.4% of women who were satisfied with care during birth were also satisfied with the communication of delivery room staff. There were statistically significant associations between the satisfaction of women with the communication of midwives and physicians and their level of education, parity, having stillbirth or neonatal death, and the setting of the last delivery.
CONCLUSIONS
Women's satisfaction with verbal and nonverbal communication of health care providers in the delivery room is associated with their satisfaction with birth care. Improving communication skills of health care providers can be a considerable part of improving care in delivery room.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Hospitals, Public; Humans; Iraq; Nonverbal Communication; Nurse Midwives; Patient Satisfaction; Physician-Patient Relations; Pregnancy; Socioeconomic Factors; Verbal Behavior; Young Adult
PubMed: 32151284
DOI: 10.1186/s12978-020-0894-3 -
Medecine Sciences : M/S Feb 2020Human oro-pharyngeal feeding is old as mammals's (150 millions years). This fonction is performed and coordinated by the central and peripheric nervous system. Thus,...
Human oro-pharyngeal feeding is old as mammals's (150 millions years). This fonction is performed and coordinated by the central and peripheric nervous system. Thus, eating and speaking use the same anatomic ducts and ways. To that purpose, the Broca praxic language area is close to the praxic area of the motor mastication and swallowing control in brain cortex. This area, a new innovation of human evolution, is connected directly with the old motor ways of preexisting oral feeding. The brain connectome and Foxp2 gene have contributed with efficiency to this linking when the language came.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Biological Evolution; Brain Mapping; Child; Child Development; Eating; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Language Development; Nerve Net; Speech; Verbal Behavior
PubMed: 32129753
DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020015