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PloS One 2018Emotional experience of people with Parkinson's disease is prone to being misunderstood by observers and even healthcare practitioners, which affects treatment...
OBJECTIVE
Emotional experience of people with Parkinson's disease is prone to being misunderstood by observers and even healthcare practitioners, which affects treatment effectiveness and makes clients suffer distress in their social lives. This study was designed to identify reliable emotional cues from expressive behavior in women and men with Parkinson's disease.
METHOD
Videotaped expressive behavior of 96 participants during an interview of discussing enjoyable events was rated using the Interpersonal Communication Rating Protocol. Indices from emotional measures were represented in three components. Correlational analyses between expressive behavior domains and emotional components were conducted for the total sample and by gender separately.
RESULTS
More gross motor expressivity and smiling/laughing indicated more positive affect in the total sample. Less conversational engagement indicated more negative affect in women. However, women with more negative affect and depression appeared to smile and laugh more.
CONCLUSION
This study identified reliable cues from expressive behavior that could be used for assessment of emotional experience in people with Parkinson's disease. For women, because smiling/laughing may convey two possible meanings, that is, more positive and more negative affect, this cue needs to be interpreted cautiously and be used for detecting the intensity, not the type, of emotional experience. Healthcare practitioners should be sensitive to valid cues to make an accurate evaluation of emotion in people with Parkinson's disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cues; Emotions; Facial Expression; Female; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Male; Middle Aged; Nonverbal Communication; Parkinson Disease; Personality Assessment; Professional-Patient Relations; Verbal Behavior; Videotape Recording
PubMed: 29965984
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199886 -
Cognitive Science May 2018Recent studies of naturalistic face-to-face communication have demonstrated coordination patterns such as the temporal matching of verbal and non-verbal behavior, which...
Recent studies of naturalistic face-to-face communication have demonstrated coordination patterns such as the temporal matching of verbal and non-verbal behavior, which provides evidence for the proposal that verbal and non-verbal communicative control derives from one system. In this study, we argue that the observed relationship between verbal and non-verbal behaviors depends on the level of analysis. In a reanalysis of a corpus of naturalistic multimodal communication (Louwerse, Dale, Bard, & Jeuniaux, ), we focus on measuring the temporal patterns of specific communicative behaviors in terms of their burstiness. We examined burstiness estimates across different roles of the speaker and different communicative modalities. We observed more burstiness for verbal versus non-verbal channels, and for more versus less informative language subchannels. Using this new method for analyzing temporal patterns in communicative behaviors, we show that there is a complex relationship between verbal and non-verbal channels. We propose a "temporal heterogeneity" hypothesis to explain how the language system adapts to the demands of dialog.
Topics: Communication; Female; Humans; Male; Nonverbal Communication; Speech; Time Factors
PubMed: 29630740
DOI: 10.1111/cogs.12612 -
PloS One 2017Although established as a general notion in society, there is no solid scientific foundation for the existence of sex-differences in multitasking. Reaction time and...
BACKGROUND
Although established as a general notion in society, there is no solid scientific foundation for the existence of sex-differences in multitasking. Reaction time and accuracy in dual task conditions have an inverse relationship relative to single task, independently from sex. While a more disseminated network, parallel to decreasing accuracy and reaction time has been demonstrated in dual task fMRI studies, little is known so far whether there exist respective sex-related differences in activation.
METHODS
We subjected 20 women (mean age = 25.45; SD = 5.23) and 20 men (mean age = 27.55; SD = 4.00) to a combined verbal and spatial fMRI paradigm at 3.0T to assess sex-related skills, based on the assumption that generally women better perform in verbal tasks while men do better in spatial tasks. We also obtained behavioral tests for verbal and spatial intelligence, attention, executive functions, and working memory.
RESULTS
No differences between women and men were observed in behavioral measures of dual-tasking or cognitive performance. Generally, brain activation increased with higher task load, mainly in the bilateral inferior and prefrontal gyri, the anterior cingulum, thalamus, putamen and occipital areas. Comparing sexes, women showed increased activation in the inferior frontal gyrus in the verbal dual-task while men demonstrated increased activation in the precuneus and adjacent visual areas in the spatial task.
CONCLUSION
Against the background of equal cognitive and behavioral dual-task performance in both sexes, we provide first evidence for sex-related activation differences in functional networks for verbal and spatial dual-tasking.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Attention; Brain; Brain Mapping; Cognition; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Memory, Short-Term; Reproducibility of Results; Sex Factors; Verbal Behavior; Young Adult
PubMed: 28759619
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181554 -
Psychiatry Research Feb 2015Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED) is the only adult psychiatric diagnosis for which pathological aggression is primary. DSM-IV criteria focused on physical... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED) is the only adult psychiatric diagnosis for which pathological aggression is primary. DSM-IV criteria focused on physical aggression, but Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) allows for an IED diagnosis in the presence of frequent verbal aggression with or without concurrent physical aggression. It remains unclear how individuals with verbal aggression differ from those with physical aggression with respect to cognitive-affective deficits and psychosocial functioning. The current study compared individuals who met IED criteria with either frequent verbal aggression without physical aggression (IED-V), physical aggression without frequent verbal aggression (IED-P), or both frequent verbal aggression and physical aggression (IED-B) as well as a non-aggressive personality-disordered (PD) comparison group using behavioral and self-report measures of aggression, anger, impulsivity, and affective lability, and psychosocial impairment. Results indicate all IED groups showed increased anger/aggression, psychosocial impairment, and affective lability relative to the PD group. The IED-B group showed greater trait anger, anger dyscontrol, and aggression compared to the IED-V and IED-P groups. Overall, the IED-V and IED-P groups reported comparable deficits and impairment. These results support the inclusion of verbal aggression within the IED criteria and suggest a more severe profile for individuals who engage in both frequent verbal arguments and repeated physical aggression.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aggression; Anger; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders; Female; Humans; Impulsive Behavior; Male; Middle Aged; Personality Disorders; Verbal Behavior; Violence; Young Adult
PubMed: 25534757
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.11.052 -
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental... Apr 2018Verbal or physical abuse from coaches has a negative impact on young athletes. To prevent abuse against young athletes, it is important to know the characteristics of...
Verbal or physical abuse from coaches has a negative impact on young athletes. To prevent abuse against young athletes, it is important to know the characteristics of abusive coaches. This study aimed to elucidate the characteristics of coaches who commit verbal or physical abuse in youth sports teams. A cross-sectional study was conducted with coaches of youth sport teams in Miyagi prefecture, Japan (n = 1,283), using a self-reported questionnaire (response rate was 24.0%). Multivariate logistic regression models were used for analyses. The prevalence of verbal and physical abuse towards young athletes was 64.7% (n = 830) and 6.2% (n = 79), respectively. Verbal abuse was significantly associated with lower educational attainment (odds ratio (OR): 1.32, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.03-1.69), experiences of verbal abuse by own coaches (OR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.37-2.50), acceptability for verbal or physical abuse (OR: 2.53, 95% CI: 1.82-3.52), and dissatisfaction with athletes' attitude (OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.26-2.07). Physical abuse was significantly associated with experiences of physical abuse by respondents' coaches (OR: 2.71, 95% CI: 1.50-4.92), acceptability for verbal or physical abuse (OR: 3.89, 95% CI: 2.39-6.33), and longer experience of coaching in years (OR: 2.45, 95% CI: 1.20-4.98). The results of this study show that coaches who commit verbal or physical abuse had typically experienced abuse from their former coaches, and adopted a similar style. Breaking the negative cycle of verbal and physical abuse is necessary to eliminate the abuse of young athletes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Athletes; Attitude; Child; Child Abuse; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Japan; Logistic Models; Male; Mentors; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Prevalence; Sports; Surveys and Questionnaires; Verbal Behavior
PubMed: 29643277
DOI: 10.1620/tjem.244.297 -
Pediatrics Dec 2021In some studies, parents and toddlers verbalize less when engaging with a tablet versus a print book. More needs to be known regarding child contributions to specific...
OBJECTIVES
In some studies, parents and toddlers verbalize less when engaging with a tablet versus a print book. More needs to be known regarding child contributions to specific parent verbalizations. We examined parent-toddler contingent interactions with tablet applications versus print books, as well as moderators of these associations.
METHODS
We conducted a laboratory-based, within-subjects counterbalanced study of 72 parent-toddler dyads engaging with a nursery rhyme application (with enhanced + autonarration [E+A] and enhanced formats) and print book. We coded parent verbalizations (eg, dialogic, nondialogic) and proportions of child responses to these in 5-second epochs. Poisson regressions were used to analyze within-subjects variance by tablet or print format. We tested effect modification by child emotion regulation and home media practices.
RESULTS
Children responded more to parent overall (print 0.38; E+A 0.31, P = .04; enhanced 0.11, P = .01), dialogic (print 0.21; E+A 0.13, P = .04; enhanced 0.1, P = .02), and nondialogic (print 0.45; E+A 0.27, P < .001; enhanced 0.32, P < .001) verbalizations during print book versus tablet. Stronger child emotion regulation, greater frequency of co-viewing, and instructive practices moderated associations such that differences between conditions were no longer significant for some parent verbalizations and child responses.
CONCLUSIONS
Parent-toddler reciprocal verbal interactions occurred less frequently with tablet versus print book use. Child emotion regulation and parent home media practices moderated some of these associations. Pediatricians may wish to promote co-viewing and instructive media practices but may also consider that child emotion regulation may determine response to interactive tablet design.
Topics: Adult; Books; Child, Preschool; Computers, Handheld; Emotional Regulation; Female; Humans; Male; Mobile Applications; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Poisson Distribution; Reading; Time Factors; User-Computer Interface; Verbal Behavior
PubMed: 34841433
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-049964 -
Research in Developmental Disabilities Jan 2018Targeting the frequency or complexity of prelinguistic vocalizations might improve the language trajectory of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who exhibit... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Targeting the frequency or complexity of prelinguistic vocalizations might improve the language trajectory of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who exhibit continued expressive language deficits.
AIMS
This meta-analysis evaluates the strength of the association between various measures of vocalizations and expressive language in young children with ASD and five putative moderators of that association to inform prelinguistic intervention development: consonant-centricity, communicativeness, concurrent versus longitudinal research design, risk for correlated measurement error, and publication status.
METHODS AND PROCEDURES
We systematically searched databases and other sources for correlations between vocalizations and expressive language in children with ASD less than 9 years old. Using robust variance estimation, we calculated the weighted mean effect size and conducted moderator analyses.
OUTCOMES AND RESULTS
Nine studies (19 reports), which included 362 participants and 109 unique effect sizes, met inclusion criteria. The weighted mean effect size between vocalizations and expressive language was significant (r=0.50, 95% CI [0.23, 0.76]). As predicted, concurrent correlations were significantly stronger than longitudinal correlations. Other moderator effects were not detected.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
Young children with ASD demonstrate a strong association between vocalizations and expressive language skills. Future experimental studies should investigate causal relations to guide intervention development.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Child; Humans; Language; Speech; Verbal Behavior
PubMed: 29195157
DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2017.11.010 -
Seminars in Speech and Language Feb 2017Although the roles of verbal short-term and working memory on spoken sentence comprehension skills in persons with aphasia have been debated for many years, the... (Review)
Review
Although the roles of verbal short-term and working memory on spoken sentence comprehension skills in persons with aphasia have been debated for many years, the development of treatments to mitigate verbal short-term and working memory deficits as a way of improving spoken sentence comprehension is a new avenue in treatment research. In this article, we review and critically appraise this emerging evidence base. We also present new data from five persons with aphasia of a replication of a previously reported treatment that had resulted in some improvement of spoken sentence comprehension in a person with aphasia. The replicated treatment did not result in improvements in sentence comprehension. We forward recommendations for future research in this, admittedly weak at present, but important clinical research avenue that would help improve our understanding of the mechanisms of improvement of short-term and working memory training in relation to sentence comprehension.
Topics: Aphasia; Comprehension; Humans; Language; Linguistics; Memory, Short-Term; Models, Psychological; Serial Learning; Verbal Behavior; Verbal Learning
PubMed: 28201835
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1597262 -
The Angle Orthodontist Jul 2019To evaluate the effectiveness of verbal behavior modification, acetaminophen, and the combined effectiveness of verbal behavior modification along with acetaminophen on... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effectiveness of verbal behavior modification, acetaminophen, and the combined effectiveness of verbal behavior modification along with acetaminophen on orthodontic pain.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
One hundred and forty orthodontic fixed appliance patients were randomly assigned to four groups. Group A was administered acetaminophen, group B was given verbal behavior modification, group C was administered acetaminophen as well as verbal behavior modification, and group D was placebo-controlled. A visual analog scale was used to assess pain intensity after 1 week of separator placement.
RESULTS
Group A had less mean pain intensity when compared to group B at 6 hours ( < .001) and at 1 ( < .001) and 2 ( = .002) days. Group C patients encountered less mean pain intensity when compared to group B patients at 6 hours ( < .001) and at 1 ( < .001), 2 ( < .001), and 4 ( = .001) days. There was a statistically significant difference between groups A and C (group C experienced less pain intensity) after 6 hours ( = .004) and at day 4 ( = .009) after separator placement.
CONCLUSIONS
Acetaminophen is the main agent of orthodontic pain reduction after separator placement, with verbal behavior serving as an adjunct to it.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Behavior Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Ibuprofen; Pain; Pain Management; Pain Measurement; Single-Blind Method; Tooth Movement Techniques; Verbal Behavior
PubMed: 30753091
DOI: 10.2319/080518-570.1 -
Neuropsychopharmacology Reports Sep 2020Verbal Fluency is sensitive to brain damage and is employed to assess language abilities like the size of vocabulary and the semantic-lexical networks' integrity and...
AIMS
Verbal Fluency is sensitive to brain damage and is employed to assess language abilities like the size of vocabulary and the semantic-lexical networks' integrity and executive functioning abilities particularly inhibition, working memory, and self-monitoring. Various studies revealed oscillatory changes related to word retrieval during different tasks. However, there are not enough studies on electroencephalographic characteristics of word retrieval routes (phonological or semantic pathway) during free recall. The purpose of our study was to investigate electroencephalography power relationship with semantic and phonological word finding routes during verbal fluency.
METHODS
In this within-subject study, the electroencephalography of 20 healthy participants was recorded during written category and letter fluency tasks and compared with the rest state. Absolute power of the signals in delta (1-3.5 Hz), theta (4-7.5 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), and beta (12.5-30 Hz) was calculated in three lobes (frontal, parietal, and temporal).
RESULTS
A repeated measures ANOVA showed significant interaction of condition × lobe × frequency × side (P < .001). Post hoc test for each lobe showed significant changes in the absolute power of delta, theta and beta for frontal, delta and theta for parietal, and theta and beta for temporal lobes (P-values < .05).
CONCLUSION
Searching the words by phonological entries is associated with decreased beta and increased theta in left frontal lobe. These changes are not necessary for semantic word retrieval strategy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain Waves; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans; Male; Phonetics; Photic Stimulation; Psychomotor Performance; Semantics; Verbal Behavior; Young Adult
PubMed: 32757253
DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12129