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Frontiers in Microbiology 2022The potentially pathogenic species of the genus pose a threat to both humans and animals, creating medical burdens and economic losses to the mariculture industry....
The potentially pathogenic species of the genus pose a threat to both humans and animals, creating medical burdens and economic losses to the mariculture industry. Improvements in surveillance and diagnosis are needed to successfully manage vibriosis outbreaks. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) can provide rapid diagnosis and has been widely used in the identification of spp. The main weakness of this technology is the limited number of strains and species of in the existing commercial database. Here, we develop a new in-house database named PVBase containing 790 main spectra projections (MSP) of ten species that come from various regions of China and include abundant clinical and environmental strains. PVBase was validated through a blind test of 65 strains. The identification accuracy and scoring of strains was greatly improved through the addition of PVBase. Identification accuracy increased from 73.4 to 100%. The number of strains with identification scores above 2.2 increased from 53.1% to 96.9% and 53.1% of strains had an identification score above 2.59. Moreover, perfect discrimination was obtained when using all of the MSPs created for the species, even for very closely related species such as , , and or , , and . In addition, we used phyloproteomic analysis to study whether there are differences in protein fingerprints of different regions or pathogenic strains. We found that MSP characteristics of species were not related to their region or source. With the construction of PVBase, the identification efficiency of potentially pathogenic species has been greatly improved, which is an important advance for epidemic prevention and control, and aquaculture disease detection.
PubMed: 35656002
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.872825 -
BMC Microbiology Oct 2015The genus Vibrio is clinically significant and major pathogenic Vibrio species causing human Vibrio infections are V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V....
BACKGROUND
The genus Vibrio is clinically significant and major pathogenic Vibrio species causing human Vibrio infections are V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. alginolyticus and V. mimicus. In this study, we screened for novel genetic markers using comparative genomics and developed a Vibrio multiplex PCR for the reliable diagnosis of the Vibrio genus and the associated major pathogenic Vibrio species.
METHODS
A total of 30 Vibrio genome sequences were subjected to comparative genomics, and specific genes of the Vibrio genus and five major pathogenic Vibrio species were screened. The designed primer sets from the screened genes were evaluated by single PCR using DNAs from various Vibrio spp. and other non-Vibrio bacterial strains. A sextuplet multiplex PCR using six primer sets was developed to enable detection of the Vibrio genus and five pathogenic Vibrio species.
RESULTS
The designed primer sets from the screened genes yielded specific diagnostic results for target the Vibrio genus and Vibrio species. The specificity of the developed multiplex PCR was confirmed with various Vibrio and non-Vibrio strains. This Vibrio multiplex PCR was evaluated using 117 Vibrio strains isolated from the south seashore areas in Korea and Vibrio isolates were identified as Vibrio spp., V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. alginolyticus, demonstrating the specificity and discriminative ability of the assay towards Vibrio species.
CONCLUSIONS
This novel multiplex PCR method could provide reliable and informative identification of the Vibrio genus and major pathogenic Vibrio species in the food safety industry and in early clinical treatment, thereby protecting humans against Vibrio infection.
Topics: Computational Biology; DNA Primers; Environmental Microbiology; Genomics; Humans; Korea; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sensitivity and Specificity; Vibrio
PubMed: 26502878
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0577-3 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical... Jan 2016To investigate the isolation of enterobacteria associated with Macrobrachium amazonicum (M. amazonicum) farming and evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility...
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the isolation of enterobacteria associated with Macrobrachium amazonicum (M. amazonicum) farming and evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Vibrio strains.
METHODS
Strains were isolated from female M. amazonicum prawns and environmental and hatchery water. Biochemical assays were used to identify bacterial genera and those belonging to the genus Vibrio were submitted to further analyses for species identification, through Vitek 2 automated system and serotyping. Susceptibility test was performed according to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute.
RESULTS
The following genera of enterobacteria were recovered: Enterobacter (n = 11), Citrobacter (n = 10), Proteus (n = 2), Serratia (n = 2), Kluyvera (n = 2), Providencia (n = 2), Cedecea (n = 1), Escherichia (n = 1), Edwardsiella (n = 1) and Buttiauxella (n = 1). As for Vibrio, three species were identified: Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 (n = 4), Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) (n = 1) and Vibrio mimicus (n = 1). Vibrio spp. showed minimum inhibitory concentrations values within the susceptibility range established by Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute for almost all antibiotics, except for V. vulnificus, which presented intermediate profile to ampicillin.
CONCLUSIONS
Enterobacteria do not seem to be the most important pathogens associated with M. amazonicum farming, whereas the recovery of Vibrio spp. from larviculture, with emphasis on Vibrio cholerae and V. vulnificus, deserves special attention due to their role as potentially zoonotic aquaculture-associated pathogens. Furthermore, the intermediate susceptibility of V. vulnificus to ampicillin reflects the importance of monitoring drug use in prawn farming.
PubMed: 26851782
DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.12.006 -
International Journal of Infectious... Apr 2024South Asia remains home to foodborne diseases caused by the Vibrio species. We aimed to compile and update information on the epidemiology of vibriosis in South Asia. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
South Asia remains home to foodborne diseases caused by the Vibrio species. We aimed to compile and update information on the epidemiology of vibriosis in South Asia.
METHODS
For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Google Scholar for studies related to vibriosis in South Asia published up to May 2023. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled isolation rate of non-cholera-causing Vibrio species.
RESULTS
In total, 38 studies were included. Seven of these were case reports and 22 were included in the meta-analysis. The reported vibriosis cases were caused by non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, V. fluvialis, and V. vulnificus. The overall pooled isolation rate was 4.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.0-5.0%) in patients with diarrhea. Heterogeneity was high (I = 98.0%). The isolation rate of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. fluvialis were 9.0 (95% CI 7.0-10.0%), 1.0 (95% CI 1.0-2.0%), and 2.0 (95% CI: 1.0-3.0%), respectively. Regarding V. parahaemolyticus, O3:K6 was the most frequently isolated serotype. Cases peaked during summer. Several studies reported antibiotic-resistant strains and those harboring extended-spectrum beta-lactamases genes.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates a high burden of infections caused by non-cholera-causing Vibrio species in South Asia.
Topics: Humans; Vibrio cholerae; Vibrio Infections; Foodborne Diseases; Diarrhea; Asia, Southern
PubMed: 38311027
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.01.022 -
Heliyon Oct 2022This study investigated the bacteriological quality of ready-to-eat (RTE) African salads in Enugu metropolis, Enugu, Nigeria. A total of 10 samples of African salad were...
Culture-dependent examination of the bacteriological quality of ready-to-eat African salads in Enugu metropolis, Nigeria and antibiotic resistance profile of associated bacteria.
This study investigated the bacteriological quality of ready-to-eat (RTE) African salads in Enugu metropolis, Enugu, Nigeria. A total of 10 samples of African salad were purchased from 10 different vendors in Enugu metropolis. The samples were purchased from Agbani Road, Ogbete, Mayor, Uwani, Kenyatta, Achara Layout, Obiagu and Timber. Isolation and enumeration of bacterial isolates were done using Nutrient agar, Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar, Thiosulphate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose (TCBS) agar, Salmonella-Shigella Agar (SSA) and MacConkey agar, following standard methods. Identification of the bacterial isolates were done through biochemical tests and the Analytical Profile Index (API 20E) test kit. The antibiotic sensitivity of the bacterial isolates was also done using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Total culturable heterotrophic count was above 300 colonies across the samples. The highest bacterial counts recorded on EMB, SSA and TCBS across the samples were 6.3 × 10 CFU/g, 7.4 × 10 CFU/g and 1.21 × 10 CFU/g respectively. The identities of the organisms were; spp., , , , , and . The prevalent organism across the samples was spp. The antibiotic sensitivity test suggested that spp. was resistant to Ampiclox and Amoxycillin but sensitive to Erythromycin, Pefloxacin and Septrin. From this study, it was discovered that consumers of RTE African salad from majority of the vendors across Enugu metropolis are at risk of severe food poisoning.
PubMed: 36212018
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10782 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2019A feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of substitution of fishmeal (FM) by dietary poultry by-product meal, fermented by and on growth, intestinal...
A feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of substitution of fishmeal (FM) by dietary poultry by-product meal, fermented by and on growth, intestinal health, microbial composition, immune related cytokines and disease resistance of freshwater crayfish, marron () against Two isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated by replacing FM protein with fermented poultry by-product meal (FPBM) protein at 0% (Control) and 75% (FPBM), and fed marron for 70 days. The results indicated no significant difference ( > 0.05) in final body weights between two groups of marron, whilst intestinal microvilli number per fold was increased in marron fed FPBM than the control. The 16S rRNA sequences revealed an increased number of and , and decreased number of at genus level in the distal intestine of marron fed FPBM. Marron fed FPBM showed up-regulated expression of IL-8, IL-10, and IL-17F genes in the distal intestine. Significantly ( < 0.05) increased lysozyme and phagocytic activity, and higher survival was found in marron fed FPBM following a bacterial challenge with . Therefore, it is concluded that FPBM is beneficial to marron in terms of microbial community, immune-related cytokines and disease resistance against
PubMed: 32082185
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01635 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2015Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae are ubiquitous to estuarine and marine environments. These two species found in Mediterranean coastal systems can induce...
Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae are ubiquitous to estuarine and marine environments. These two species found in Mediterranean coastal systems can induce infections in humans. Environmental isolates of V. cholerae (n = 109) and V. parahaemolyticus (n = 89) sampled at different dates, stations and water salinities were investigated for virulence genes and by a multilocus sequence-based analysis (MLSA). V. cholerae isolates were all ctxA negative and only one isolate of V. parahaemolyticus displayed trh2 gene. Most Sequence Types (ST) corresponded to unique ST isolated at one date or one station. Frequent recombination events were detected among different pathogenic species, V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae, Vibrio mimicus, and Vibrio metoecus. Recombination had a major impact on the diversification of lineages. The genetic diversity assessed by the number of ST/strain was higher in low salinity condition for V. parahaemolyticus and V. cholerae whereas the frequency of recombination events in V. cholerae was lower in low salinity condition. Mediterranean coastal lagoon systems housed V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus with genetic diversities equivalent to the worldwide diversity described so far. The presence of STs found in human infections as well as the frequency of recombination events in environmental vibrios populations could predict a potential epidemiological risk.
PubMed: 26236294
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00708 -
Journal of Cellular and Molecular... Dec 2022Different growth factors can regulate stem cell differentiation. We used keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) to direct adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) differentiation...
Different growth factors can regulate stem cell differentiation. We used keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) to direct adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) differentiation into keratinocytes. To enhance KGF bioavailability, we targeted KGF for collagen by fusing it to collagen-binding domain from Vibrio mimicus metalloprotease (vibrioCBD-KGF). KGF and vibrioCBD-KGF were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Both proteins displayed comparable activities in stimulating proliferation of HEK-293 and MCF-7 cells. vibrioCBD-KGF demonstrated enhanced collagen-binding affinity in immunofluorescence and ELISA. KGF and vibrioCBD-KGF at different concentrations (2, 10, and 20 ng/ml) were applied for 21 days on ASCs cultured on collagen-coated plates. Keratinocyte differentiation was assessed based on morphological changes, the expression of keratinocyte markers (Keratin-10 and Involucrin), and stem cell markers (Collagen-I and Vimentin) by real-time PCR or immunofluorescence. Our results indicated that the expression of keratinocyte markers was substantially increased at all concentrations of vibrioCBD-KGF, while it was observed for KGF only at 20 ng/ml. Immunofluorescence staining approved this finding. Moreover, down-regulation of Collagen-I, an indicator of differentiation commitment, was more significant in samples treated with vibrioCBD-KGF. The present study showed that vibrioCBD-KGF is more potent in inducing the ASCs differentiation into keratinocytes compared to KGF. Our results have important implications for effective skin regeneration using collagen-based biomaterials.
Topics: Humans; Cell Differentiation; Collagen; Collagen Type I; Fibroblast Growth Factor 7; HEK293 Cells; Keratinocytes; Stem Cells
PubMed: 36412036
DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17619 -
Nature Microbiology Dec 2020The bacterial flagellum is the prototypical protein nanomachine and comprises a rotating helical propeller attached to a membrane-embedded motor complex. The motor...
The bacterial flagellum is the prototypical protein nanomachine and comprises a rotating helical propeller attached to a membrane-embedded motor complex. The motor consists of a central rotor surrounded by stator units that couple ion flow across the cytoplasmic membrane to generate torque. Here, we present the structures of the stator complexes from Clostridium sporogenes, Bacillus subtilis and Vibrio mimicus, allowing interpretation of the extensive body of data on stator mechanism. The structures reveal an unexpected asymmetric AB subunit assembly where the five A subunits enclose the two B subunits. Comparison to structures of other ion-driven motors indicates that this AB architecture is fundamental to bacterial systems that couple energy from ion flow to generate mechanical work at a distance and suggests that such events involve rotation in the motor structures.
Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Bacterial Proteins; Clostridium; Flagella; Molecular Motor Proteins; Rotation; Vibrio mimicus
PubMed: 32929189
DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-0788-8 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2015Among the more than 70 different Vibrio species inhabiting marine, estuarine, and freshwater ecosystems, 12 are recognized as human pathogens. The warm subtropical...
Among the more than 70 different Vibrio species inhabiting marine, estuarine, and freshwater ecosystems, 12 are recognized as human pathogens. The warm subtropical climate of the Black Sea coastal area and inland regions of Georgia likely provides a favorable environment for various Vibrio species. From 2006 to 2009, the abundance, ecology, and diversity of clinically important Vibrio species were studied in different locations in Georgia and across seasons. Over a 33-month period, 1,595 presumptive Vibrio isolates were collected from the Black Sea (n = 657) and freshwater lakes around Tbilisi (n = 938). Screening of a subset of 440 concentrated and enriched water samples by PCR-electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (PCR-ESI/MS) detected the presence of DNA from eight clinically important Vibrio species: V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. mimicus, V. alginolyticus, V. harveyi, V. metschnikovii, and V. cincinnatiensis. Almost 90% of PCR/ESI-MS samples positive for Vibrio species were collected from June through November. Three important human-pathogenic Vibrio species (V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus) were detected in 62.8, 37.8, and 21.4% of samples testing positive for Vibrios, respectively. The results of these activities suggest that natural reservoirs for human-pathogenic Vibrios exist in Georgian aquatic environments. Water temperature at all sampling sites was positively correlated with the abundance of clinically important Vibrio spp. (except V. metschnikovii), and salinity was correlated with species composition at particular Black Sea sites as well as inland reservoirs.
PubMed: 26528464
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2015.00232