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Cell Death & Disease Mar 2021A growing number of studies supports the existence of a dynamic interplay between energetic metabolism and autophagy, whose induction represents an adaptive response...
A growing number of studies supports the existence of a dynamic interplay between energetic metabolism and autophagy, whose induction represents an adaptive response against several stress conditions. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved and a highly orchestrated catabolic recycling process that guarantees cellular homeostasis. To date, the exact role of autophagy in vitiligo pathogenesis is still not clear. Here, we provide the first evidence that autophagy occurs in melanocytes and fibroblasts from non-lesional skin of vitiligo patients, as a result of metabolic surveillance response. More precisely, this study is the first to reveal that induction of autophagy exerts a protective role against the intrinsic metabolic stress and attempts to antagonize degenerative processes in normal appearing vitiligo skin, where melanocytes and fibroblasts are already prone to premature senescence.
Topics: Autophagy; Fibroblasts; Humans; Melanocytes; Vitiligo
PubMed: 33767135
DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03592-0 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2023Vitiligo is a chronic pigmentary disease with complex etiology, the signs of which are caused by the destruction of melanocytes in the epidermis, leading to the lack of... (Review)
Review
Vitiligo is a chronic pigmentary disease with complex etiology, the signs of which are caused by the destruction of melanocytes in the epidermis, leading to the lack of melanin pigment responsible for skin coloration. The treatment of vitiligo, which aims at repigmentation, depends both on the clinical characteristics of the disease as well as on molecular markers that may predict the response to treatment. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the clinical evidence for vitiligo cell-based therapies taking into account the required procedures and equipment necessary to carry them out as well as their effectiveness in repigmentation, assessed using the percentage of repigmentation of the treated area. This review was conducted by assessing 55 primary clinical studies published in PubMed and ClinicalTrails.gov between 2000 and 2022. This review concludes that the extent of repigmentation, regardless of the treatment method, is highest in stable localized vitiligo patients. Moreover, therapies that combine more than one cell type, such as melanocytes and keratinocytes, or more than one method of treatment, such as the addition of NV-UVB to another treatment, increase the chances of >90% repigmentation. Lastly, this review concludes that various body parts respond differently to all treatments.
Topics: Humans; Vitiligo; Hypopigmentation; Melanocytes; Epidermis; Keratinocytes; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 36834766
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043357 -
PloS One 2020Vitiligo is a T-cell mediated skin disorder characterized by progressive loss of skin color. In individuals genetically predisposed to the disease, various triggers...
Vitiligo is a T-cell mediated skin disorder characterized by progressive loss of skin color. In individuals genetically predisposed to the disease, various triggers contribute to the initiation of vitiligo. Precipitating factors can stress the skin, leading to T-cell activation and recruitment. Though hereditary factors are implicated in the pathogenesis of vitiligo, it is unknown whether precipitating, stressful events play a role in vitiligo. To understand this, we utilized a validated perceived stress scale (PSS) to measure this parameter in vitiligo patients compared to persons without vitiligo. Additionally, we probed a clinical database, using a knowledge linking software called ROCKET, to gauge stress-related conditions in the vitiligo patient population. From a pool of patients in an existing database, a hundred individuals with vitiligo and twenty-five age- and sex-matched comparison group of individuals without vitiligo completed an online survey to quantify their levels of perceived stress. In parallel, patients described specifics of their disease condition, including the affected body sites, the extent, duration and activity of their vitiligo. Perceived stress was significantly higher among vitiligo individuals compared to those without vitiligo. ROCKET analyses suggested signs of metabolic-related disease (i.e., 'stress') preceding vitiligo development. No correlation was found between perceived stress and the stage or the extent of disease, suggesting that elevated stress may not be a consequence of pigment loss alone. The data provide further support for stress as a precipitating factor in vitiligo development.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Heat-Shock Response; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Melanocytes; Middle Aged; Patients; Stress, Physiological; Stress, Psychological; Surveys and Questionnaires; T-Lymphocytes; Vitiligo; Young Adult
PubMed: 31986193
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227909 -
Magnesium Research May 2019Hypomagnesemia has been shown to contribute to oxidative stress and inflammation. This study was designed to evaluate the serum magnesium (Mg) concentration in vitiligo...
Hypomagnesemia has been shown to contribute to oxidative stress and inflammation. This study was designed to evaluate the serum magnesium (Mg) concentration in vitiligo patients versus controls. Twenty-seven patients with vitiligo were enrolled in this study, along with 27 age and sex-matched healthy controls. The mean serum Mg concentrations in the case and control groups were 0.75 ± 0.07 and 0.77 ± 0.07 mmol/L, respectively. No significant difference in the mean concentrations of Mg between the two groups was noted (P = 0.95). However, interestingly, we noticed a positive correlation between serum Mg concentration and Vitiligo Area Severity Index (VASI) score as well as the total body surface area (TBSA) concerned by the disease. Further research on the role of Mg in vitiligo is therefore warranted.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Catalase; Female; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Inflammation; Magnesium; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Vitiligo
PubMed: 31875846
DOI: 10.1684/mrh.2019.0450 -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Nov 2021Vitiligo shows insufficient response to current therapies largely owing to T-lymphocyte dysfunction, abnormal inflammatory activation, and excessive oxidative stress in...
Vitiligo shows insufficient response to current therapies largely owing to T-lymphocyte dysfunction, abnormal inflammatory activation, and excessive oxidative stress in lesions. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) possesses pleiotropic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and may offer an improvement to current treatment options. In this study, the efficacy and safety of CAP were investigated in a mouse model of vitiligo and a randomized and controlled trial of patients with active focal vitiligo. Skin biopsies showed that topical treatment of vitiligo-like lesions on mouse dorsal skin by CAP restored the distribution of melanin. In addition, CAP treatment reduced the infiltration of CD11c dendritic cells, CD3 T cells, and CD8 T cells; inhibited the release of CXCL10 and cytokine IFN-γ; and enhanced cellular resistance to oxidative stress and excessive immune response by enhancing the expression of the transcription factor NRF2 and attenuating the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase. In a randomized and controlled trial, CAP treatment achieved partial and complete repigmentation in 80% and 20% of vitiligo lesions, respectively, without hyperpigmentation in surrounding areas or other adverse events during the treatment period and its follow-up period. In conclusion, CAP offers a promising option for the management of vitiligo.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Chemokine CXCL10; Child; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Humans; Hydrogels; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Middle Aged; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Oxidative Stress; Plasma Gases; Vitiligo; Young Adult; Mice
PubMed: 34029575
DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.04.019 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2017Melanin, the compound primarily responsible in humans for hair, eye and skin pigmentation, is produced by melanocytes through a complicated process called melanogenesis... (Review)
Review
Melanin, the compound primarily responsible in humans for hair, eye and skin pigmentation, is produced by melanocytes through a complicated process called melanogenesis that is catalyzed by tyrosinase and other tyrosinase-related proteins. The abnormal loss of melanin causes dermatological problems such as vitiligo. Hence the regulation of melanogenesis and tyrosinase activity is very important for treating hypopigmentary disorders. Many melanogenesis stimulators have been discovered during the past decade. This article reviews recent advances in research on extracts and active ingredients of plants, synthesized compounds with stimulating effect on melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity, as well as their influence on the expression of related proteins and possible signaling pathways for the design and development of novel anti-vitiligo agents.
Topics: Animals; Enzyme Activators; Humans; Melanins; Monophenol Monooxygenase; Plant Extracts; Vitiligo
PubMed: 28777326
DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081303 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021Vitiligo is an acquired depigmentation skin disease caused by immune-mediated death of melanocytes. The most common treatment for vitiligo is narrow band ultraviolet B...
Vitiligo is an acquired depigmentation skin disease caused by immune-mediated death of melanocytes. The most common treatment for vitiligo is narrow band ultraviolet B phototherapy, which often is combined with topical therapies such as tacrolimus. However, patients' responses to these treatments show large variations. To date, the mechanism for this heterogeneity is unknown, and there are no molecular indicators that can predict an individual patient's response to therapy. The goal of this study is to identify clinical parameters and gene expression biomarkers associated with vitiligo response to therapy. Six patients with segmental vitiligo and 30 patients with non-segmental vitiligo underwent transcriptome sequencing of lesional and nonlesional skin at baseline before receiving combined UBUVB and tacrolimus therapy for 6 month, and were separated into good response and bad response groups based on target lesion achieving > 10% repigmentation or not. Our study revealed that treatment-responsive vitiligo lesions had significantly shorter disease duration compared with non-responsive vitiligo lesions (2.5 years vs 11.5 years, p=0.046, t-Test), while showing no significant differences in the age, gender, ethnicity, vitiligo subtype, or disease severity. Transcriptomic analyses identified a panel of 68 genes separating the good response from bad response lesions including upregulation of immune active genes, such as CXCL10, FCRL3, and TCR, Further, compared with vitiligo lesions with long disease duration, the lesions with short duration also have much higher level of expression of immune-active genes, including some (such as FCRL3 and TCR genes) that are associated with favorable therapeutic response. In conclusion, our study has identified clinical parameters such as short disease duration and a panel of immune active and other gene expression biomarkers that are associated with favorable response to immune suppressive NBUVB + tacrolimus therapy. These markers may be useful clinically for individualized therapeutic management of vitiligo patients in the future.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Biopsy; Case-Control Studies; Combined Modality Therapy; Computational Biology; Disease Management; Disease Susceptibility; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Transcriptome; Treatment Outcome; Vitiligo
PubMed: 33815367
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.613031 -
Chinese Medical Journal Dec 2023
Meta-Analysis
Topics: Humans; Janus Kinase Inhibitors; Vitiligo; Psoriasis; Protein Kinase Inhibitors
PubMed: 37027285
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002581 -
BMC Microbiology Sep 2023Vitiligo has been correlated with an abnormal gut microbiota. We aimed to systematically identify characteristics of the gut microbial compositions, genetic functions,...
BACKGROUND
Vitiligo has been correlated with an abnormal gut microbiota. We aimed to systematically identify characteristics of the gut microbial compositions, genetic functions, and potential metabolic features in patients with non-segmental vitiligo.
METHODS
Twenty-five patients with non-segmental vitiligo and 25 matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. Metagenomic sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were performed to determine the gut microbiota profiles. Differences in gut microbiota diversity and composition between patients with vitiligo and HCs were analyzed. Gene functions and gut metabolic modules were predicted with the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) and MetaCyc databases.
RESULTS
Compared with HCs, alpha diversity of intestinal microbiome in vitiligo patients was significantly reduced. At the species level, the relative abundance of Staphylococcus thermophiles was decreased, and that of Bacteroides fragilis was increased in patients with vitiligo compared with those of the HCs. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis revealed representative microbial markers of Lachnospiraceae_bacterium_BX3, Massilioclostridium_coli, TM7_phylum_sp_oral_taxon_348 and Bacteroides_fragilis for patients with vitiligo. KEGG gene function analysis showed that the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway was significantly enriched in patients with vitiligo. Gut metabolic modules (GMMs) analysis showed that cysteine degradation was significantly down-regulated, and galactose degradation was up-regulated in patients with vitiligo. A panel of 28 microbial features was constructed to distinguish patients with vitiligo from HCs.
CONCLUSIONS
The gut microbial profiles and genetic functions of patients with vitiligo were distinct from those of the HCs. The identified gut microbial markers may potentially be used for earlier diagnosis and treatment targets.
Topics: Humans; Vitiligo; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Metagenome; Bacteroides fragilis; Clostridiales
PubMed: 37737154
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03020-7 -
Pediatric Dermatology 2023Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is an inherited disorder of immunity which leads to increased risk for mucocutaneous candidiasis...
Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is an inherited disorder of immunity which leads to increased risk for mucocutaneous candidiasis and multiorgan autoimmune disease. While alopecia areata (AA) has been described in some patients with APECED, the extent and timing of AA is not well established and extent and timing of concomitant vitiligo and hypothyroidism has not been described. We evaluated an APECED cohort followed at the National Institutes of Health for the timing of development of associated diseases. We found AA occurred earlier in those with APECED than in the general population, was rarely the first sign of APECED, and the timing of AA onset did correlate with the timing of onset of vitiligo or hypothyroidism which also occurred at high rates and early age.
Topics: Humans; Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune; Alopecia Areata; Vitiligo; Hypothyroidism
PubMed: 37495514
DOI: 10.1111/pde.15380