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PloS One 2021In pursuing optimal health care, an adequate medical workforce is crucial. However, many countries are struggling with a misalignment of students' specialty preferences...
INTRODUCTION
In pursuing optimal health care, an adequate medical workforce is crucial. However, many countries are struggling with a misalignment of students' specialty preferences and societal needs regarding the future medical workforce. In order to bridge this gap, it is relevant to gain a better understanding of the medical career choice processes. We explored career orientations among medical students in the Netherlands and their implications for future career choices.
METHODS
We used Q-methodology, a hybrid qualitative-quantitative method, to explore career orientations of medical students. Medical students from two universities in the Netherlands, varying in year of progression of medical school, ranked 62 statements with regard to importance for their future career choice. Participants explained their ranking in an interview and completed a questionnaire regarding demographics. Using by-person factor analysis we identified groups of individuals with similar orientations.
RESULTS
Twenty-four students participated in this study, resulting in three distinct orientations towards future careers: a first career orientation that highly values lifelong self-development; a second that values work-life balance, and a third that was more concerned with achievement and recognition of their work.
CONCLUSION
Medical students' career orientations differed in the importance of challenge, work-life balance, and need for recognition. This knowledge can help to design interventions to shift career choices of medical students closer towards future needs in society. Offering career coaching to students that challenges them to explore and prioritise their values, needs and motivations, for example using the materials form this study as a tool, and stimulates them to consider specialties accordingly, could be a promising strategy for guiding students to more long-term satisfying careers.
Topics: Career Choice; Female; Humans; Male; Motivation; Psychometrics; Students, Medical; Surveys and Questionnaires; Vocational Guidance; Young Adult
PubMed: 34019546
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249092 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2022Creativity is so important for social and technological development that people are eager to find an easy way to enhance it. Previous studies have shown that mindfulness...
Creativity is so important for social and technological development that people are eager to find an easy way to enhance it. Previous studies have shown that mindfulness has significant effects on positive affect (PA), working memory capacity, cognitive flexibility and many other aspects, which are the key to promoting creativity. However, there are few studies on the relationship between mindfulness and creativity. The mechanism between mindfulness and creativity is still uncertain. Meditation is an important method of mindfulness training, but for most people who do not have the basic training, it's difficult to master how to get into a state of mindfulness. Animation has been shown by many studies to help improve cognition and is often used as a guiding tool. Using animation as the guiding carrier of meditation is more convenient and easier to accept. Therefore, this study adopted the intervention method of animation-guided meditation, aiming to explore: (1) the effect of animation-guided meditation on enhancing creativity; (2) the role of flow and emotion in the influence of mindfulness on creativity. We advertised recruitment through the internal network of a creative industrial park, and the final 95 eligible participants were divided into two groups: animation ( = 48) and audio ( = 47) guided meditation. The animation group was given an animated meditation intervention, and the audio group was given an audio meditation intervention, both interventions were performed 3 times a week and last for 8 weeks. Results: (1) Animation-guided meditation significantly increased participants' mindfulness and creativity levels; Significantly reduced their cognitive load compared to audio-guided meditation. (2) Mindfulness has a significant direct effect on creativity, and significant indirect effects on creativity; Flow and PA act as the mediating variable. Conclusion: (1) Mindfulness, flow, and PA all helped to improve the subjects' work creativity. In addition to the direct positive impact of mindfulness on creativity, mindfulness can also have an indirect positive impact on creativity through flow and PA. (2) Compared with audio, animation can significantly reduce cognitive load and help improve users' cognitive ability, which is more suitable for the guidance materials of mindfulness meditation to enhance the effect of meditation.
PubMed: 35719584
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.894337 -
Sustainability Science 2022Public catering has become increasingly important in recent years. With increasing annual customers, the sector's impact on the environment is also growing continuously....
UNLABELLED
Public catering has become increasingly important in recent years. With increasing annual customers, the sector's impact on the environment is also growing continuously. At the same time, public catering offers a lever to promote sustainable nutrition that has rarely been used so far. Small changes in kitchen practices and food offers can thus be multiplied into a significant positive impact on environmental challenges, such as climate change or loss of biodiversity due to the large number of servings. In contrast to private households, management decisions in public catering can influence the food-related environmental impact of thousands of customers. This article deals with the nationwide level of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and resource use in the German public catering segment "business" and its saving potentials by different scenarios of unsupported and supported recipe revision. In this paper, we define "unsupported" as the intuitive optimization of recipes by employees of public catering businesses. In contrast, "supported" approaches had to meet specific target goals, for example of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung; engl. German Nutrition Society or the sustainable level. Specifically, we will test how (A) an unsupported recipe revision, (B) a recipe revision based on dietary recommendations and (C) a recipe revision using scientific guidance affect the environmental impact of a dish. As a methodological framework, an online survey of public catering companies was conducted as well as a scenario analysis at menu level and at nationwide level. The results are based on empirical data on the one hand, and on extrapolations on the other. The results show that the nationwide implementation of recipe revision according to scientific guidance-such as concrete target goals for the GHG emissions per serving-can save up to 44% of resource use in the German business catering sector (which corresponds to 3.4 million tons of resources per year) and as much as 40% of GHG emissions (0.6 million tons GHG emissions per year). Even in the scenario of unsupported recipe revision, GHG and resource savings of up to 20% can be realized. The results show that public catering can reduce its material and carbon footprint by 20% overnight. Moreover, the findings show indications for the sustainable transformation of public catering. Nevertheless, it must be noted that these are some first steps of the transformation, which will require further changes with even greater impacts and political activities.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11625-022-01183-2.
PubMed: 36032315
DOI: 10.1007/s11625-022-01183-2 -
Occupational Therapy International 2022In this paper, a semantic analysis approach to children's emotional disorder intervention and education is thoroughly analyzed and discussed, and a corresponding...
In this paper, a semantic analysis approach to children's emotional disorder intervention and education is thoroughly analyzed and discussed, and a corresponding educational system is designed for application in real life. This paper acquires video data by deploying a common camera acquisition and transforms, annotates, frames, and processes the data with the help of feature engineering methods. In addition, this paper proposes a fine-grained action decomposition strategy to solve the problem of extreme imbalance in the dataset to improve the performance of the model and proposes an iterative sampling data fusion strategy, which aims to integrate and fuse data from multiple sources to make them more effective and further improve the robustness and generalization ability of the model. Since it is difficult for families to improve the emotional management skills of migrant children, and it is also difficult to obtain professional help and support from the community or schools, it is important to take advantage of the professional strengths of social work to provide professional support for migrant children and their families. From the perspective of theoretical research, most of the existing studies focus on individual migrant children and cannot give global guidance from the perspective of the family system. The comparison results show that T-SVR trained using data from all subjects outperforms the inductive method based on individual training of trainees, validating the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive emotion recognition model. Therefore, from the perspective of system integration, it is important to explore social work interventions to improve the emotional management skills of migrant children. The system network structure design is determined according to the actual situation; then from the system requirements, the system is abstracted with the help of UML entity-relationship diagram, and the database table design is completed; so far, the overall system can be divided into independent functional modules, and the boundaries of each module and the participating roles are gradually clarified, and the detailed design within each functional module is illustrated by UML timing diagram and class diagram to clarify the classes used. Finally, the system is tested end-to-end to verify whether the results of the view layer meet the design guidelines, whether the system modules work together properly, and whether the functional development meets the requirements.
Topics: Child; Emotions; Humans; Occupational Therapy; Schools; Semantics
PubMed: 36105070
DOI: 10.1155/2022/4833968 -
Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health... Sep 2018A growing shortage of general practitioners (GPs), in Switzerland and around the world, has forced countries to find new ways to attract young physicians to the...
BACKGROUND
A growing shortage of general practitioners (GPs), in Switzerland and around the world, has forced countries to find new ways to attract young physicians to the specialty. In 2017, Switzerland began to fund hundreds of new study places for medical students. This wave of young physicians will soon finish University and be ready for postgraduate training. We hypothesized that an attractive postgraduate training program would encourage interested young physicians to pursue a GP career.
METHODS
This is a cross-sectional survey of young physicians from the Swiss Young General Practitioners Association (JHaS), members of Cursus Romand de médecine de famille (CRMF), and all current medical students (5 or 6 years) (n = 554) in Switzerland, excluding students indicating definitely not to become GPs. We asked all if they were likely to become a GP (Likert: 1-10), and then asked them to score general features of a GP training curriculum, and likely effects of the curriculum on their career choice (Likert scale). They then rated our model curriculum (GO-GP) for attractiveness and effect (Likert Scales, open questions).
RESULTS
Most participants thought they would become GPs (Likert: 8 of 10). Over 90% identified the same features as an important part of a curriculum ("yes" or "likely yes"): Our respondents thought the GO-GP curriculum was attractive (7.3 of 10). It was most attractive to those highly motivated to become GPs. After reviewing the curriculum, most respondents (58%) felt GO-GP would make them more likely to become a GP. Almost 80% of respondents thought an attractive postgraduate training program like GO-GP could motivate more young physicians to become GPs.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, medical students and young physicians found similar features attractive in the general and GO-GP curriculum, regardless of region or gender, and thought an attractive curriculum would attract more young doctors to the GP specialty. Key points An attractive postgraduate training program in general practice can attract more young physicians to become GPs. In this study cross-sectional survey including medical students (n = 242) and young physicians (n = 312) we presented general features for a curriculum and a model curriculum for general practice training, for evaluation of attractiveness to our study population. General practice training curriculum provides flexibility in choice of rotations, access to short rotations in a wide variety of medical specialties, training in specialty practices as well, mentoring and career guidance by GPs and guidance in choosing courses/certificate programs necessary for general practice. These findings help building attractive postgraduate training programs in general practice and fight GP shortage.
Topics: Adult; Attitude; Career Choice; Cross-Sectional Studies; Curriculum; Education, Medical; Female; General Practice; General Practitioners; Goals; Humans; Male; Motivation; Physicians; Students, Medical; Surveys and Questionnaires; Switzerland
PubMed: 29943627
DOI: 10.1080/02813432.2018.1487582 -
Computational Intelligence and... 2022The wireless sensor network collects data from various areas through specific network nodes and uploads it to the decision-making layer for analysis and processing....
The wireless sensor network collects data from various areas through specific network nodes and uploads it to the decision-making layer for analysis and processing. Therefore, it has become a perception network of the Internet of Things and has made great achievements in monitoring and prevention at this stage. At this stage, the main problem is the motive power of sensor nodes, so the energy storage and transmission of wireless sensor network is imminent. Mobile edge computing technology provides a new type of technology for today's edge networks, enabling it to process resource-intensive data blocks and feedback to managers in time. It is a new starting point for cloud computing services, compared to traditional cloud computing services. The transmission speed is more efficient and will be widely used in various industries and serve them in the future. Among them, education and related industries urgently need in-depth information, which in turn promotes the rapid development of data mining by sensor networks. This article focuses on data mining technology, mainly expounds the meaning and main mining methods of data mining technology, and conducts data mining on sports training requirements from the aspects of demand collection and analysis, algorithm design and optimization, demand results and realization, etc. Monitor the training status and give the trainer reasonable suggestions. Through the processing of the training data mining results and proofreading the database standardized training data, we can formulate a personalized program suitable for sportsmen, reduce sports injuries caused by no trainer's guidance, and open new doors for training modes. Therefore, this paper studies the sensor network technology, edge computing deployment algorithm, and sports training data mining.
Topics: Algorithms; Cloud Computing; Data Mining; Software; Technology
PubMed: 35669657
DOI: 10.1155/2022/8056360 -
Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official... Jan 2021To gain a better understanding of the complex and independent associations between different measures of socioeconomic position (SEP) and smoking in England.
INTRODUCTION
To gain a better understanding of the complex and independent associations between different measures of socioeconomic position (SEP) and smoking in England.
AIMS AND METHODS
Between March 2013 and January 2019 data were collected from 120 496 adults aged 16+ in England taking part in the Smoking Toolkit Study. Of these, 18.04% (n = 21 720) were current smokers. Six indicators of SEP were measured: social grade, employment status, educational qualifications, home and car ownership and income. Models were constructed using ridge regression to assess the contribution of each measure of SEP, taking account of high collinearity.
RESULTS
The strongest predictor of smoking status was housing tenure. Those who did not own their own home had twice the odds of smoking compared with homeowners (odds ratio [OR] = 2.01). Social grade, educational qualification, and income were also good predictors. Those in social grades C1 (OR = 1.04), C2 (OR = 1.29), D (OR = 1.39), and E (OR = 1.78) had higher odds of smoking than those in social grade AB. Similarly, those with A-level/equivalent (OR = 1.15), GCSE/vocational (OR = 1.48), other/still studying (OR = 1.12), and no post-16 qualifications (OR = 1.48) had higher odds of smoking than those with university qualifications, as did those who earned in the lowest (OR = 1.23), third (OR = 1.18), and second quartiles (OR = 1.06) compared with those earning in the highest. Associations between smoking and employment (OR = 1.03) and car ownership (OR = 1.05) were much smaller.
CONCLUSIONS
Of a variety of socioeconomic measures, housing tenure appears to be the strongest independent predictor of smoking in England, followed by social grade, educational qualifications, and income. Employment status and car ownership have the lowest predictive power.
IMPLICATIONS
This study used ridge regression, a technique which takes into account high collinearity between variables, to gain a better understanding of the independent associations between different measures of SEP and smoking in England. The findings provide guidance as to which SEP measures one could use when trying to identifying individuals most at risk from smoking, with housing tenure identified as the strongest independent predictor.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Educational Status; Employment; England; Female; Housing; Humans; Income; Male; Middle Aged; Smoking; Socioeconomic Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 32026943
DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa030 -
Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin 2017Given vocational rehabilitation's (VR) substantial role in workforce development, it follows that agencies would encourage and support consumers using the most current...
Given vocational rehabilitation's (VR) substantial role in workforce development, it follows that agencies would encourage and support consumers using the most current job-seeking methods, including social media. Recent data, however, show that online strategies are limited in VR practice and that many agencies lack comprehensive policies to guide social media use. We conducted a qualitative analysis to examine current VR social media policies and procedures and offer recommendations for policy development. Through an examination of open coding of 22 policies and one guideline, we identified seven themes and 25 subthemes, which mapped onto recommended social media policy elements from research. Only two VR policies, however, covered themes in a comprehensive way, and only one policy acknowledged social media as a tool for consumer job search. This outcome is an oversight given the emphasis social media plays in employment networking, proof of performance, and skills demonstration when seeking employment.
PubMed: 37220600
DOI: 10.1177/0034355217700819 -
Pharmaceutics Aug 2022Amorphous solid dispersions stabilized by one or more polymer(s) have been widely used for delivering amorphous drugs with poor water solubilities, and they have gained... (Review)
Review
Amorphous solid dispersions stabilized by one or more polymer(s) have been widely used for delivering amorphous drugs with poor water solubilities, and they have gained great market success. Polymer selection is important for preparing robust amorphous solid dispersions, and considerations should be given as to how the critical attributes of a polymer can enhance the physical stability, and the in vitro and in vivo performances of a drug. This article provides a comprehensive overview for recent developments in the understanding the role of polymers in amorphous solid dispersions from the aspects of nucleation, crystal growth, overall crystallization, miscibility, phase separation, dissolution, and supersaturation. The critical properties of polymers affecting the physical stability and the in vitro performance of amorphous solid dispersions are also highlighted. Moreover, a perspective regarding the current research gaps and novel research directions for better understanding the role of the polymer is provided. This review will provide guidance for the rational design of polymer-based amorphous pharmaceutical solids with desired physicochemical properties from the perspective of physical stability and in vitro performance.
PubMed: 36015373
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081747 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023In order to study the effects and mechanism of Monascus on the quality of hairtail surimi, high-throughput sequencing technology, headspace solid-phase...
In order to study the effects and mechanism of Monascus on the quality of hairtail surimi, high-throughput sequencing technology, headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS), and electronic nose techniques were used to investigate the changes in the quality, microbial diversity, and volatile flavor compounds of Monascus-fermented hairtail surimi (MFHS) during fermentation. The results showed that the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) index of hairtail surimi fermented by Monascus for 0-5 h met the requirements of the national standard. Among them, the 1 h group showed the best gel quality, which detected a total of 138 volatile substances, including 20 alcohols, 7 aldehydes, 12 olefins, 4 phenols, 12 alkanes, 8 ketones, 15 esters, 6 acids, 16 benzenes, 4 ethers, and 8 amines, as well as 26 other compounds. In addition, the dominant fungal microorganisms in the fermentation process of MFHS were identified, and a Spearman correlation analysis showed that 16 fungal microorganisms were significantly correlated with the decrease in fishy odor substances in the fermented fish and that 8 fungal microorganisms were significantly correlated with the increase in aromatic substances after fermentation. In short, Monascus fermentation can eliminate and reduce the fishy odor substances in hairtail fish, increase and improve the aromatic flavor, and improve the quality of hairtail surimi gel. These findings are helpful for revealing the mechanism of the quality formation of fermented surimi and provide guidance for the screening of starter culture in the future.
PubMed: 37569159
DOI: 10.3390/foods12152891