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European Review For Medical and... Sep 2016Vaginal atrophy is a chronic, progressive medical condition that affects fifty percent of postmenopausal women, causing symptoms like dyspareunia, vaginal dryness, and... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Vaginal atrophy is a chronic, progressive medical condition that affects fifty percent of postmenopausal women, causing symptoms like dyspareunia, vaginal dryness, and vaginal irritation. Until recently, the only prescription options were systemic and vaginal estrogen therapies that might be limited by concerns about long-term safety and breast cancer risk. The objective is to analyze the literature about ospemifene, a tissue-selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) recently approved for the treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy and dyspareunia and to compare its effects with those of the other SERMs to assess its safety.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Review. Medline search.
RESULTS
Ospemifene treats vaginal atrophy, and, if compared with other SERMS, it has no or not significant effects on endometrium and thromboembolism. Experimental and animal models suggest an inhibitory effect on the growth of malignant breast tissue. The available clinical data support ospemifene breast safety.
CONCLUSIONS
Ospemifene relieves moderate to severe symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy, like dryness, irritation and soreness around the genital area, and painful sexual intercourse, in menopausal women. It is well tolerated, and it has neutral effects on endometrium and coagulation. Clinical trials and even long-term studies on breast cancer effects support ospemifene overall safety.
Topics: Animals; Atrophy; Dyspareunia; Female; Humans; Models, Animal; Postmenopause; Tamoxifen; Vagina; Vulva
PubMed: 27735020
DOI: No ID Found -
Indian Journal of Medical Ethics 2022Cosmetic surgery is defined as any procedure involving a change in the appearance or aesthetics of a normal anatomy where there are no congenital or acquired... (Review)
Review
Cosmetic surgery is defined as any procedure involving a change in the appearance or aesthetics of a normal anatomy where there are no congenital or acquired pathologies. The procedures that can be included under female cosmetic genital surgery are the following: reduction labiaplasty, vaginoplasty, hymenoplasty, "G-Spot amplification", and miscellaneous. Those who support these procedures could argue that women undergo such procedures as a matter of choice, whereas those opposed could argue that this choice is made because of society's fascination with physical appearance and feeling young. Prima facie these procedures appear to contradict the Hippocratic principle of "primum non nocere". There has been an increase in the marketing and conduct of the above mentioned procedures. Practitioners need to be both sceptical and cautious while performing these surgeries. Patients requesting them need to be counseled regarding the lack of data supporting their efficacy, and the potential complications of the procedures.
Topics: Female; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; Humans; Surgery, Plastic; Vagina; Vulva
PubMed: 34730092
DOI: 10.20529/IJME.2021.046 -
BMC Genetics Mar 2020Reproductive performance is critical for efficient swine production. Recent results indicated that vulva size (VS) may be predictive of reproductive performance in sows....
BACKGROUND
Reproductive performance is critical for efficient swine production. Recent results indicated that vulva size (VS) may be predictive of reproductive performance in sows. Study objectives were to estimate genetic parameters, identify genomic regions associated, and estimate genomic prediction accuracies (GPA) for VS traits.
RESULTS
Heritability estimates of VS traits, vulva area (VA), height (VH), and width (VW) measurements, were moderately to highly heritable in Yorkshire, with 0.46 ± 0.10, 0.55 ± 0.10, 0.31 ± 0.09, respectively, whereas these estimates were low to moderate in Landrace, with 0.16 ± 0.09, 0.24 ± 0.11, and 0.08 ± 0.06, respectively. Genetic correlations within VS traits were very high for both breeds, with the lowest of 0.67 ± 0.29 for VH and VW for Landrace. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for Landrace, reveled genomic region associated with VS traits on Sus scrofa chromosome (SSC) 2 (154-157 Mb), 7 (107-110 Mb), 8 (4-6 Mb), and 10 (8-19 Mb). For Yorkshire, genomic regions on SSC 1 (87-91 and 282-287 Mb) and 5 (67 Mb) were identified. All regions explained at least 3.4% of the genetic variance. Accuracies of genomic prediction were moderate in Landrace, ranging from 0.30 (VH) to 0.61 (VA), and lower for Yorkshire, with 0.07 (VW) to 0.11 (VH). Between-breed and multi-breed genomic prediction accuracies were low.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that VS traits are heritable in Landrace and Yorkshire gilts. Genomic analyses show that major QTL control these traits, and they differ between breed. Genomic information can be used to increase genetic gains for these traits in gilts. Additional research must be done to validate the GWAS and genomic prediction results reported in our study.
Topics: Animals; Breeding; Female; Genome; Genomics; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Quantitative Trait, Heritable; Reproduction; Sus scrofa; Vulva
PubMed: 32164558
DOI: 10.1186/s12863-020-0834-9 -
Australian Journal of General Practice Oct 2022
Topics: Female; Humans; Pruritus; Vulva
PubMed: 36184861
DOI: 10.31128/AJGP-02-22-6343 -
Current Biology : CB Jan 2022In species that copulate during non-conceptive periods, such as humans and bonobos, sexual intercourse is known to be pleasurable for females. Dolphins also copulate...
In species that copulate during non-conceptive periods, such as humans and bonobos, sexual intercourse is known to be pleasurable for females. Dolphins also copulate throughout the year, largely to establish and maintain social bonds. In dolphins, the clitoris is positioned in the anterior aspect of the vaginal entrance, where physical contact and stimulation during copulation is likely. Clitoral stimulation seems to be important during female-female sexual interactions in common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), which rub each other's clitorises using snouts, flippers, or flukes. Determining a sexual pleasure response in animals not amenable to neurobehavioral examination is difficult, but investigation of the clitoris may elucidate evidence of functionality. In this study, we assessed macro- and micromorphological features of the clitoris in common bottlenose dolphins to examine functional features, including erectile bodies with lacunae, extensible collagen and/or elastin fibers, and the presence and location of sensory nerves. Our observations suggest the clitoris of dolphins has well-developed erectile spaces, is highly sensitive to tactile stimulation, and is likely functional. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
Topics: Animals; Bottle-Nosed Dolphin; Clitoris; Copulation; Female; Male
PubMed: 35015987
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.11.020 -
Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences Jan 2022Lymphangioma circumscriptum is a rare benign disorder of lymphatic channels in deep dermal and subcutaneous layers. It can occur either as a congenital abnormality or as...
Lymphangioma circumscriptum is a rare benign disorder of lymphatic channels in deep dermal and subcutaneous layers. It can occur either as a congenital abnormality or as acquired damage to previously normal lymphatic channels. It occurs in different parts of the body, and the vulva is one of the parts which is commonly affected. Here, we presented a 39 years old para 2 who presented with vulvar swelling. She was diagnosed with acquired lymphangioma circumscriptum of the vulva and superficial vulvectomy was done.
Topics: Adult; Edema; Female; Humans; Lymphangioma; Vulva; Vulvar Neoplasms
PubMed: 35250235
DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v32i1.25 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Oct 2021To determine the prevalence of vulvar recession in a large population of dogs and to compare the reproductive and physical differences between dogs with and without...
OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence of vulvar recession in a large population of dogs and to compare the reproductive and physical differences between dogs with and without recessed vulvas.
ANIMALS
250 female dogs presenting to a tertiary referral institution.
PROCEDURES
Female dogs > 6 months of age presenting to a tertiary referral institution were enrolled. At enrollment, a full medical history was obtained with particular emphasis on the presence of lower urinary tract (LUT) disease in the 3 months prior to presentation. All dogs underwent a full physical examination including perivulvar cytologic examination and scoring of the degree of perivulvar skin coverage on the basis of an 8-point scale. Dogs with scores of ≥ 7 were classified as having recessed vulvas. When available, urinalysis data were also included.
RESULTS
Recessed vulvas were identified in 36 of 250 (14%) dogs. Dogs with recessed vulvas had significantly higher body condition scores and body weights than unaffected dogs. In addition, recessed vulvas were more common in spayed than sexually intact dogs. Dogs spayed at ≤ 1 year of age were almost 3 times as likely to have vulvar recession, compared with dogs spayed at > 1 year of age. No significant difference was identified between affected and unaffected dogs with respect to the prevalence of LUT signs, urinary tract infections, or perivulvar dermatitis.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Although recessed vulvas were relatively common in dogs, they did not appear to be associated with an increased risk of LUT disease or perivulvar dermatitis.
Topics: Animals; Dermatitis; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Urinalysis; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Tract Infections; Vulva
PubMed: 34516259
DOI: 10.2460/javma.259.7.744 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2023
Topics: Female; Humans; Vulva; Skin Abnormalities
PubMed: 35841352
DOI: 10.25259/IJDVL_369_2021 -
Dermatology Online Journal Sep 2018Genital rejuvenation encompasses not only the nonsurgical interventions but also the surgical procedures that are utilized to improve the functional aspects and/or... (Review)
Review
Genital rejuvenation encompasses not only the nonsurgical interventions but also the surgical procedures that are utilized to improve the functional aspects and/or enhance the aesthetic presentation of the genitalia of women (vaginal rejuvenation) and men (scrotal rejuvenation). Vaginal rejuvenation was introduced into the medical literature in 2007; yet, within the last decade, physician and patient interest in this field has markedly increased. In contrast, the term scrotal rejuvenation was only coined in 2018. Rejuvenation of the genitalia may be considered for hair-associated (alopecia and hypertrichosis), morphology-associated (vulvovaginal atrophy, excess clitoral or labial tissue, scrotal wrinkling, and vaginal or scrotal laxity), and vascular-associated (angiokeratomas) changes of the vagina and scrotum. As women and men gain insight into the conditions that are amendable to genital rejuvenation, the demand for vaginal rejuvenation and scrotal rejuvenation will likely increase. Genital rejuvenation may become the next frontier in medical and cosmetic dermatology and dermatologists have the opportunity to provide rejuvenation of the vagina and scrotum for their patients.
Topics: Cosmetic Techniques; Female; Genitalia, Female; Humans; Male; Rejuvenation; Scrotum; Skin Aging; Skin Diseases; Vagina; Vulva
PubMed: 30677826
DOI: No ID Found -
PLoS Biology Feb 2022In this issue of PLOS Biology, Lattmann and colleagues report a new function for proteins of the DNA prereplication complex promoting the anchor cell to invade through...
In this issue of PLOS Biology, Lattmann and colleagues report a new function for proteins of the DNA prereplication complex promoting the anchor cell to invade through the basement membrane and initiate vulval development in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Topics: Animals; Caenorhabditis elegans; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; Chromosomes; Female; Vulva
PubMed: 35196311
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001549