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Molecular and Cellular Probes Oct 2016There is a growing need for low-cost, rapid and reliable diagnostic results in veterinary medicine. Point-of-care (POC) tests have tremendous advantages over existing... (Review)
Review
There is a growing need for low-cost, rapid and reliable diagnostic results in veterinary medicine. Point-of-care (POC) tests have tremendous advantages over existing laboratory-based tests, due to their intrinsic low-cost and rapidity. A considerable number of POC tests are presently available, mostly in dipstick or lateral flow formats, allowing cost-effective and decentralised diagnosis of a wide range of infectious diseases and public health related threats. Although, extremely useful, these tests come with some limitations. Recent advances in the field of microfluidics have brought about new and exciting opportunities for human health diagnostics, and there is now great potential for these new technologies to be applied in the field of veterinary diagnostics. This review appraises currently available POC tests in veterinary medicine, taking into consideration their usefulness and limitations, whilst exploring possible applications for new and emerging technologies, in order to widen and improve the range of POC tests available.
Topics: Animals; Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures; Immunoassay; Microfluidics; Point-of-Care Systems; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Veterinary Medicine
PubMed: 27430150
DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2016.07.004 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2014Effective integration in science and knowledge co-production is a challenge that crosses research boundaries, climate regions, languages and cultures. Early career...
Effective integration in science and knowledge co-production is a challenge that crosses research boundaries, climate regions, languages and cultures. Early career scientists are crucial in the identification of, and engagement with, obstacles and opportunities in the development of innovative solutions to complex and interconnected problems. On 25-31 May 2014, International Council for Science and International Social Science Council, in collaboration with the International Network of Next-Generation Ecologists and Institute for New Economic Thinking: Young Scholars Initiative, assembled a group of early career researchers with diverse backgrounds and research perspectives to reflect on and debate relevant issues around ecosystems and human wellbeing in the transition towards green economy, funded by the German Research Foundation, at Villa Vigoni, Italy. As a group of young scientists, we have come to a consensus that collaboration and communication among a diverse group of peers from different geographic regions could break down the barriers to multi-disciplinary research designed to solve complex global-scale problems. We also propose to establish a global systematic thinking to monitor global socio-ecological systems and to develop criteria for a "good" anthropocene. Finally, we aim to bridge gaps among research, the media, and education from a governance perspective linking with "sustainable development goals".
Topics: Conservation of Natural Resources; Ecosystem; Environmental Health; Humans; Italy; Public Health
PubMed: 25390795
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph111111553 -
Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) Mar 2019Obesity-associated comorbidities include non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. These diseases are associated with accumulation... (Review)
Review
Obesity-associated comorbidities include non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. These diseases are associated with accumulation of lipids in non-adipose tissues, which can impact many intracellular cellular signaling pathways and functions that have been broadly defined as "lipotoxic." This review moves beyond understanding intracellular lipotoxic outcomes and outlines the consequences of lipotoxicity on protein secretion and inter-tissue "cross talk," and the impact this exerts on systemic metabolism.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Obesity; Protein Transport; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 30724128
DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00037.2018 -
The British Journal of General Practice... Mar 2020
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Family Practice; General Practice; Multimorbidity; Scotland
PubMed: 32107218
DOI: 10.3399/bjgp20X708353 -
Optics Express Apr 2021We report on a 2-GHz high-power Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb:KGW laser pumped by a single-mode fiber laser. The output performance for two different output coupling rates...
We report on a 2-GHz high-power Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb:KGW laser pumped by a single-mode fiber laser. The output performance for two different output coupling rates was investigated. Stable bidirectional mode-locking operation at the repetition rate of 2.157 GHz was obtained with a 0.6% output coupler. The average output powers of bidirectional operation are 741 mW and 746 mW, with 123-fs and 126-fs pulse durations, respectively. By using a 1.6% output coupler, unidirectional mode-locking is achieved with 145-fs pulse duration and 1.7-W average output power, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the highest average power from Kerr-lens mode-locked GHz femtosecond oscillators.
PubMed: 33985040
DOI: 10.1364/OE.424139 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2018This article reviews existing clinical practices and sensor research undertaken to monitor fetal well-being during labour. Current clinical practices that include fetal... (Review)
Review
This article reviews existing clinical practices and sensor research undertaken to monitor fetal well-being during labour. Current clinical practices that include fetal heart rate monitoring and fetal scalp blood sampling are shown to be either inadequate or time-consuming. Monitoring of lactate in blood is identified as a potential alternative for intrapartum fetal monitoring due to its ability to distinguish between different types of acidosis. A literature review from a medical and technical perspective is presented to identify the current advancements in the field of lactate sensors for this application. It is concluded that a less invasive and a more continuous monitoring device is required to fulfill the clinical needs of intrapartum fetal monitoring. Potential specifications for such a system are also presented in this paper.
Topics: Acidosis; Female; Fetal Hypoxia; Fetal Monitoring; Humans; Labor, Obstetric; Lactic Acid; Pregnancy; Scalp
PubMed: 30104478
DOI: 10.3390/s18082648 -
NPJ Regenerative Medicine Jun 2021Accurately defining hierarchical relationships between human stem cells and their progeny, and using this knowledge for new cellular therapies, will undoubtedly lead to... (Review)
Review
Accurately defining hierarchical relationships between human stem cells and their progeny, and using this knowledge for new cellular therapies, will undoubtedly lead to further successful treatments for life threatening and chronic diseases, which represent substantial burdens on patient quality of life and to healthcare systems globally. Clinical translation relies in part on appropriate biomarker, in vitro manipulation and transplantation strategies. CD164 has recently been cited as an important biomarker for enriching both human haematopoietic and skeletal stem cells, yet a thorough description of extant human CD164 monoclonal antibody (Mab) characteristics, which are critical for identifying and purifying these stem cells, was not discussed in these articles. Here, we highlight earlier but crucial research describing these relevant characteristics, including the differing human CD164 Mab avidities and their binding sites on the human CD164 sialomucin, which importantly may affect subsequent stem cell function and fate.
PubMed: 34103536
DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00143-1 -
The Lancet. Healthy Longevity Nov 2022
Topics: Humans; Oral Health; Mouth Diseases
PubMed: 36356620
DOI: 10.1016/S2666-7568(22)00246-X -
Bioresource Technology Feb 2023Worldwide surge in crop residue generation has necessitated developing strategies for their sustainable disposal. Pyrolysis has been widely adopted to convert crop... (Review)
Review
Worldwide surge in crop residue generation has necessitated developing strategies for their sustainable disposal. Pyrolysis has been widely adopted to convert crop residue into biochar with bio-oil and gas being two co-products. The review adopts a whole system philosophy and systematically summarises up-to-date knowledge of crop residue pyrolysis processes, influential factors, and biochar applications. Essential process design tools for biochar production e.g., cost-benefit analysis, life cycle assessment, and machine learning methods are also reviewed, which has often been overlooked in prior reviews. Important aspects include (a) correlating techno-economics of biochar production with crop residue compositions, (b) process operating conditions and management strategies, (c) biochar applications including soil amendment, fuel displacement, catalytic usage, etc., (d) data-driven modelling techniques, (e) properties of biochar, and (f) climate change mitigation. Overall, the review will support the development of application-oriented process pipelines for crop residue-based biochar.
Topics: Pyrolysis; Charcoal; Soil; Climate Change
PubMed: 36462767
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128423 -
Clinical & Experimental Optometry Jan 2015In this review of the visual development of children with Down syndrome we were specifically interested in how refractive error, binocular alignment and accommodation... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
In this review of the visual development of children with Down syndrome we were specifically interested in how refractive error, binocular alignment and accommodation are different in Down syndrome from the general population. The differences and their aetiology will help practitioners make informed decisions about the visual assessment and management of these children.
METHODS
Articles found using searches through Scopus, Medline and Google Scholar were evaluated by examining sample sizes, appropriate use of controls, methods of measurement and statistical significance of findings. Where the strength of evidence in an article might be weak, this is reported in the review.
CONCLUSION
The development of the visual and oculomotor systems is substantially different in Down syndrome compared with the general population. Assessment and optometric management of this special population need to be directed accordingly.
Topics: Accommodation, Ocular; Child; Down Syndrome; Global Health; Humans; Incidence; Refractive Errors; Vision, Binocular
PubMed: 25395109
DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12232