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Materials Today. Bio Dec 2023Conventional dentistry faces limitations in preserving tooth health due to the finite lifespan of restorative materials. Regenerative dentistry, utilizing stem cells and... (Review)
Review
Conventional dentistry faces limitations in preserving tooth health due to the finite lifespan of restorative materials. Regenerative dentistry, utilizing stem cells and bioactive materials, offers a promising approach for regenerating dental tissues. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and bioactive materials like calcium phosphate (CaP) and silicate-based materials have shown potential for dental tissue regeneration. This systematic review aims to investigate the effects of CaP and silicate-based materials on hDPSCs through in vitro studies published since 2015. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search strategy was implemented in PubMed MedLine, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect databases. Eligibility criteria were established using the PICOS scheme. Data extraction and risk of bias (RoB) assessment were conducted, with the included studies assessed for bias using the Office of Health and Translation (OHAT) RoB tool. The research has been registered at OSF Registries. Ten in vitro studies met the eligibility criteria out of 1088 initial studies. Methodological heterogeneity and the use of self-synthesized biomaterials with limited generalizability were observed in the included study. The findings highlight the positive effect of CaP and silicate-based materials on hDPSCs viability, adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. While the overall RoB assessment indicated satisfactory credibility of the reviewed studies, the limited number of studies and methodological heterogeneity pose challenges for quantitative research. In conclusion, this systematic review provides valuable insights into the effects of CaP and silicate-based materials on hDPSCs. Further research is awaited to enhance our understanding and optimize regenerative dental treatments using bioactive materials and hDPSCs, which promise to improve patient outcomes.
PubMed: 37779917
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100815 -
Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and... Nov 2023Currently, corneal blindness is affecting >10 million individuals worldwide, and there is a significant unmet medical need because only 1.5% of transplantation needs are... (Review)
Review
Currently, corneal blindness is affecting >10 million individuals worldwide, and there is a significant unmet medical need because only 1.5% of transplantation needs are met globally due to a lack of high-quality grafts. In light of this global health disaster, researchers are developing corneal substitutes that can resemble the human cornea and replace human donor tissue. Thus, this review examines ROCK (Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinases) inhibitors as a potential corneal wound-healing (CWH) therapy by reviewing the existing clinical and nonclinical findings. The systematic review was done from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for CWH, corneal injury, corneal endothelial wound healing, ROCK inhibitors, Fasudil, Netarsudil, Ripasudil, Y-27632, clinical trial, clinical study, case series, case reports, preclinical study, , and studies. After removing duplicates, all downloaded articles were examined. The literature search included the data till January 2023. This review summarized the results of ROCK inhibitors in clinical and preclinical trials. In a clinical trial, various ROCK inhibitors improved CWH in individuals with open-angle glaucoma, cataract, iris cyst, ocular hypertension, and other ocular diseases. ROCK inhibitors also improved ocular wound healing by increasing cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation and . ROCK inhibitors have antifibrotic, antiangiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic characteristics in CWH, according to the existing research. ROCK inhibitors were effective topical treatments for corneal infections. Ripasudil, Y-27632, H-1152, Y-39983, and AMA0526 are a few new ROCK inhibitors that may help CWH and replace human donor tissue.
Topics: Humans; Endothelium, Corneal; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Corneal Injuries; Corneal Transplantation; rho-Associated Kinases
PubMed: 37738326
DOI: 10.1089/jop.2023.0040 -
Cancers Aug 2023The nectin family comprises four proteins, nectin-1 to -4, which act as cell adhesion molecules. Nectins have various regulatory functions in the immune system and can... (Review)
Review
The nectin family comprises four proteins, nectin-1 to -4, which act as cell adhesion molecules. Nectins have various regulatory functions in the immune system and can be upregulated or decreased in different tumors. The literature research was conducted manually by the authors using the PubMed database by searching articles published before 2023 with the combination of several nectin-related keywords. A total of 43 studies were included in the main section of the review. Nectins-1-3 have different expressions in tumors. Both the loss of expression and overexpression could be negative prognostic factors. Nectin-4 is the best characterized and the most consistently overexpressed in various tumors, which generally correlates with a worse prognosis. New treatments based on targeting nectin-4 are currently being developed. Enfortumab vedotin is a potent antibody-drug conjugate approved for use in therapy against urothelial carcinoma. Few reports focus on hepatocellular carcinoma, which leaves room for further studies comparing the utility of nectins with commonly used markers.
PubMed: 37568798
DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153983 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2023While the molecular underpinnings of vascular dysfunction in psychosis are under active investigation, their implications remain unclear due to inconsistent and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
While the molecular underpinnings of vascular dysfunction in psychosis are under active investigation, their implications remain unclear due to inconsistent and sometimes sparse observations. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to critically assess the alterations of vascular-related molecules in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood of patients with psychotic disorders compared with healthy individuals.
METHODS
Databases were searched from inception to February 23, 2023. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the effects of clinical correlates.
RESULTS
We identified 93 eligible studies with 30 biomarkers investigated in the CSF and/or blood. Among the biomarkers examined, psychotic disorders were associated with elevated CSF-to-serum albumin ratio (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35-1.02); blood S100B (SMD, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.59-1.17), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9; SMD, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.46-0.86), and zonulin (SMD, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.04-2.30). The blood levels of S100B, MMP-9, nerve growth factor (NGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and vascular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) were altered in patient subgroups differing in demographic and clinical characteristics. Blood S100B level was positively correlated with age and duration of illness. Substantial between-study heterogeneity was observed in most molecules.
CONCLUSION
The alterations in certain vascular-related fluid markers in psychotic disorders suggest disturbances in normal vascular structures and functions. However, not all molecules examined displayed clear evidence of changes. While potential impacts of clinical factors, including the administered treatment, were identified, the exploration remained limited. Further studies are needed to investigate the diverse patterns of expression, and understand how these abnormalities reflect the pathophysiology of psychosis and the impact of clinical factors.
PubMed: 37692299
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1241422 -
General Dentistry 2023The use of cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive for surgical wound closure has become increasingly popular in recent years and has shown efficacy. Therefore, the aim of this...
The use of cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive for surgical wound closure has become increasingly popular in recent years and has shown efficacy. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to compare the effectiveness of cyanoacrylate adhesive as a substitute for conventional suture placement after extraction of impacted third molars. The PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane, and gray literature databases were searched for randomized or controlled prospective clinical trials published up to October 2022 that compared the use of cyanoacrylate adhesive and conventional silk suture in third molar surgeries. The risk of bias of each study was assessed using the RoB 2 tool (revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials). Five randomized clinical trials with a total of 236 patients were included. The most commonly evaluated outcomes were pain and bleeding. The type of adhesive used varied and included ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate, isoamyl 2-cyanoacrylate, and a mixture of n-butyl cyanoacrylate and 2-octyl cyanoacrylate. Compared with 3-0 silk suture, cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive resulted in lower levels of postoperative pain in 3 studies and lower rates of bleeding in all 5 studies. Thus, cyanoacrylate can be a good substitute for silk sutures for wound closure in intraoral surgeries.
Topics: Humans; Tissue Adhesives; Molar, Third; Prospective Studies; Cyanoacrylates; Sutures; Silk; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 37595079
DOI: No ID Found -
Cancers Dec 2023Urogenital cancers, which include prostate, bladder, and kidney malignancies, exert a substantial impact on global cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Proteomic... (Review)
Review
Urogenital cancers, which include prostate, bladder, and kidney malignancies, exert a substantial impact on global cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Proteomic biomarkers, emerging as valuable tools, aim to enhance early detection, prognostic accuracy, and the development of personalized therapeutic strategies. This study undertook a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing literature investigating the role and potential of proteomic biomarkers in plasma, tissue, and urine samples in urogenital cancers. Our extensive search across several databases identified 1879 differentially expressed proteins from 37 studies, signifying their potential as unique biomarkers for these cancers. A meta-analysis of the significantly differentially expressed proteins was executed, accentuating the findings through visually intuitive volcano plots. A functional enrichment analysis unveiled their significant involvement in diverse biological processes, including signal transduction, immune response, cell communication, and cell growth. A pathway analysis highlighted the participation of key pathways such as the nectin adhesion pathway, TRAIL signaling pathway, and integrin signaling pathways. These findings not only pave the way for future investigations into early detection and targeted therapeutic approaches but also underscore the fundamental role of proteomics in advancing our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning urogenital cancer pathogenesis. Ultimately, these findings hold remarkable potential to significantly enhance patient care and improve clinical outcomes.
PubMed: 38201450
DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010022 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Aug 2023Pain in the neonate is associated with acute behavioural and physiological changes. Cumulative pain is associated with morbidities, including adverse neurodevelopmental... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Pain in the neonate is associated with acute behavioural and physiological changes. Cumulative pain is associated with morbidities, including adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Studies have shown a reduction in changes in physiological parameters and pain score measurements following pre-emptive analgesic administration in neonates experiencing pain or stress. Non-pharmacological measures (such as holding, swaddling and breastfeeding) and pharmacological measures (such as acetaminophen, sucrose and opioids) have been used for analgesia. This is an update of a review first published in 2006 and updated in 2012.
OBJECTIVES
The primary objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of breastfeeding or supplemental breast milk in reducing procedural pain in neonates. The secondary objective was to conduct subgroup analyses based on the type of control intervention, gestational age and the amount of supplemental breast milk given.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and trial registries (ICTRP, ISRCTN and clinicaltrials.gov) in August 2022; searches were limited from 2011 forwards. We checked the reference lists of included studies and relevant systematic reviews.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs of breastfeeding or supplemental breast milk versus no treatment/other measures in neonates. We included both term (≥ 37 completed weeks postmenstrual age) and preterm infants (< 37 completed weeks' postmenstrual age) up to a maximum of 44 weeks' postmenstrual age. The study must have reported on either physiological markers of pain or validated pain scores.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We assessed the methodological quality of the trials using the information provided in the studies and by personal communication with the authors. We extracted data on relevant outcomes, estimated the effect size and reported this as a mean difference (MD). We used the GRADE approach to assess the certainty of evidence.
MAIN RESULTS
Of the 66 included studies, 36 evaluated breastfeeding, 29 evaluated supplemental breast milk and one study compared them against each other. The procedures conducted in the studies were: heel lance (39), venipuncture (11), intramuscular vaccination (nine), eye examination for retinopathy of prematurity (four), suctioning (four) and adhesive tape removal as procedure (one). We noted marked heterogeneity in the control interventions and pain assessment measures amongst the studies. Since many studies included multiple arms with breastfeeding/supplemental breast milk as the main comparator, we were not able to synthesise all interventions together. Individual interventions are compared to breastfeeding/supplemental breast milk and reported. The numbers of studies/participants presented with the findings are not taken from pooled analyses (as is usual in Cochrane Reviews), but are the overall totals in each comparison. Overall, the included studies were at low risk of bias except for masking of intervention and outcome assessment, where nearly one-third of studies were at high risk of bias. Breastfeeding versus control Breastfeeding may reduce the increase in heart rate compared to holding by mother, skin-to-skin contact, bottle feeding mother's milk, moderate concentration of sucrose/glucose (20% to 33%) with skin-to-skin contact (low-certainty evidence, 8 studies, 784 participants). Breastfeeding likely reduces the duration of crying compared to no intervention, lying on table, rocking, heel warming, holding by mother, skin-to-skin contact, bottle feeding mother's milk and moderate concentration of glucose (moderate-certainty evidence, 16 studies, 1866 participants). Breastfeeding may reduce percentage time crying compared to holding by mother, skin-to-skin contact, bottle feeding mother's milk, moderate concentration sucrose and moderate concentration of sucrose with skin-to-skin contact (low-certainty evidence, 4 studies, 359 participants). Breastfeeding likely reduces the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) score compared to no intervention, holding by mother, heel warming, music, EMLA cream, moderate glucose concentration, swaddling, swaddling and holding (moderate-certainty evidence, 12 studies, 1432 participants). Breastfeeding may reduce the Neonatal Facial Coding System (NFCS) score compared to no intervention, holding, pacifier and moderate concentration of glucose (low-certainty evidence, 2 studies, 235 participants). Breastfeeding may reduce the Douleur Aigue Nouveau-né (DAN) score compared to positioning, holding or placebo (low-certainty evidence, 4 studies, 709 participants). In the majority of the other comparisons there was little or no difference between the breastfeeding and control group in any of the outcome measures. Supplemental breast milk versus control Supplemental breast milk may reduce the increase in heart rate compared to water or no intervention (low-certainty evidence, 5 studies, 336 participants). Supplemental breast milk likely reduces the duration of crying compared to positioning, massage or placebo (moderate-certainty evidence, 11 studies, 1283 participants). Supplemental breast milk results in little or no difference in percentage time crying compared to placebo or glycine (low-certainty evidence, 1 study, 70 participants). Supplemental breast milk results in little or no difference in NIPS score compared to no intervention, pacifier, moderate concentration of sucrose, eye drops, gentle touch and verbal comfort, and breast milk odour and verbal comfort (low-certainty evidence, 3 studies, 291 participants). Supplemental breast milk may reduce NFCS score compared to glycine (overall low-certainty evidence, 1 study, 40 participants). DAN scores were lower when compared to massage and water; no different when compared to no intervention, EMLA and moderate concentration of sucrose; and higher when compared to rocking or pacifier (low-certainty evidence, 2 studies, 224 participants). Due to the high number of comparator interventions, other measures of pain were assessed in a very small number of studies in both comparisons, rendering the evidence of low certainty. The majority of studies did not report on adverse events, considering the benign nature of the intervention. Those that reported on adverse events identified none in any participants. Subgroup analyses were not conducted due to the small number of studies.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Moderate-/low-certainty evidence suggests that breastfeeding or supplemental breast milk may reduce pain in neonates undergoing painful procedures compared to no intervention/positioning/holding or placebo or non-pharmacological interventions. Low-certainty evidence suggests that moderate concentration (20% to 33%) glucose/sucrose may lead to little or no difference in reducing pain compared to breastfeeding. The effectiveness of breast milk for painful procedures should be studied in the preterm population, as there are currently a limited number of studies that have assessed its effectiveness in this population.
Topics: Female; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Humans; Milk, Human; Breast Feeding; Pain, Procedural; Pain; Acetaminophen
PubMed: 37643989
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004950.pub4 -
Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology,... Oct 2023This study aimed to review studies comparing transtendon repair (TTR) with tear completion repair (TCR) techniques for partial articular-sided supraspinatus tendon... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Similar outcomes between transtendon repair and tear completion repair techniques for partial articular-sided supraspinatus tendon avulsion lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
PURPOSE
This study aimed to review studies comparing transtendon repair (TTR) with tear completion repair (TCR) techniques for partial articular-sided supraspinatus tendon avulsion (PASTA) lesions according to postoperative patient-reported outcomes and complications.
METHODS
Databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane, were searched for studies published between 2008 and 2022 that directly compared the postoperative patient-reported outcomes and complications of the TTR and TCR techniques for PASTA lesions. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for dichotomous outcomes, while mean differences (MDs) were calculated for continuous outcomes.
RESULTS
A total of seven studies (497 shoulders) were analysed. No statistically significant differences in the postoperative clinical outcomes at the final follow-up were observed between the TTR and TCR techniques for PASTA lesions. The overall retear rates of the TTR and TCR techniques were 7.7% and 11.6%, respectively (corresponding healing rates were 92.3% and 88.4%), whereas the overall occurrence rates of adhesive capsulitis were 4.7% and 3.3%, respectively. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in postoperative range of motion (forward flexion, MD = - 1.22, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) - 5.28 to 3.34, n.s.; external rotation, MD = - 1.39, 95% CI - 3.19 to 0.42, n.s.), overall retear rate (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.29-1.08, n.s.), and occurrence rate of adhesive capsulitis (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.35-3.52, n.s.) between the two techniques.
CONCLUSION
Both techniques improve clinical outcomes while having a low complication rate and a high rate of healing. No significant difference in clinical outcomes was observed between the two techniques.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
III.
Topics: Humans; Rotator Cuff; Rotator Cuff Injuries; Treatment Outcome; Rupture; Range of Motion, Articular; Bursitis; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; Arthroscopy
PubMed: 37452830
DOI: 10.1007/s00167-023-07502-z -
Advances in Wound Care Feb 2024To conduct a systematic literature review to study the effects of fish-based biomaterials on wound healing in both and animal models. This review covers the study... (Review)
Review
To conduct a systematic literature review to study the effects of fish-based biomaterials on wound healing in both and animal models. This review covers the study reported in different articles between 2016 and August 2022 concentrating mainly on the cytotoxicity evaluation of different fish-based biomaterials on inflammation, reepithelialization and wound healing. This review shows considerable amount of research work carried out with fish-based biomaterials and collagen for treating burn wounds. Surprisingly there are only a few commercial products developed so far in this particular regard for surgical purpose and therefore, there is a way out and need for developing medical support product from fish-based biomaterials to treat and cure wounds. Three-dimensional skin bioprinting technique is a large-scale solution for severe burn wounds that requires collagen as a raw material for printing, wherein fish collagen can be used in place of bovine and porcine, as it is biocompatible, promotes cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration, and degrades enzymatically. In the recent times, there are a few fish-based surgical products that have been formulated by Kerecis in United States. The different fish-based biomaterial products are all mere supplements taken in orally as food or supplements till date and there is no proper proven medications that has been formulated so far in the field of wound healing and inflammation based on fish biomaterials except the surgical products that can be finger counted. Fish-based biomaterials are known for the medicinal properties that are used throughout the world and further investigations should be carried out to understand the actual physiochemical properties of its derivatives for the discovery of novel products and drugs.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Biocompatible Materials; Burns; Collagen; Inflammation; Wound Healing; Fishes
PubMed: 37166397
DOI: 10.1089/wound.2022.0142 -
Journal of Functional Biomaterials May 2024The objective of this study was to explore the effects of fixed orthodontic appliances on enamel structure by assessing microfractures, surface roughness, and... (Review)
Review
AIM
The objective of this study was to explore the effects of fixed orthodontic appliances on enamel structure by assessing microfractures, surface roughness, and alterations in color.
METHODS
This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A systematic search of online databases was conducted using the keywords 'enamel' AND 'orthodontic debonding'. Eligibility criteria included both in vivo and ex vivo clinical trials conducted on human teeth.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A total of 14 relevant papers were analyzed. Various instruments and techniques were utilized across different studies to assess surface roughness, color change, and surface fractures.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings of this study suggest that ceramic brackets may lead to an increase in enamel fractures, particularly during bracket removal. The surface roughness of enamel exhibits variability depending on the adhesive substance and polishing methods used post-removal. Fixed orthodontic appliances could induce changes in enamel color, which may be alleviated by the use of nano-hydroxyapatite or specific polishing techniques. Further research is necessary to identify effective strategies for managing these color changes and improving the overall outcomes of fixed orthodontic treatment.
PubMed: 38786634
DOI: 10.3390/jfb15050123