-
Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) Aug 2023There is growing evidence of increased muscle atrophy in IBD patients, likely resulting in a higher sarcopenia prevalence in IBD. The aims of this systematic review are... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
There is growing evidence of increased muscle atrophy in IBD patients, likely resulting in a higher sarcopenia prevalence in IBD. The aims of this systematic review are A1; to estimate sarcopenia prevalence in IBD patients, A2; to investigate its impact on IBD patients, and A3; the effectiveness of nutritional interventions on muscle mass and/or strength in IBD patients.
METHODS
On 28 July 2021, three electronic databases were used to identify eligible studies, including peer-reviewed studies (randomised controlled trials [RCTs], non-RCTs, observation studies) in adult (⩾ 18 years) IBD patients. For A1 and A2 only, studies defined low muscle mass and/or strength cut-off points. For A2, studies assessed association between sarcopenia and IBD complication. For A3, studies assessed the nutrition effect among IBD patients.
RESULTS
35 studies were included, 34 for A1, 20 for A2, and three for A3. 42% of adult IBD patients have myopenia, 34% have pre-sarcopenia, and 17% sarcopenia. Myopenic IBD was significantly associated with therapy failure including IBD-related surgery risk in six studies, risk of medical therapy failure in four studies, risk of hospitalisation in one study. A significant association existed with postoperative complications risk in IBD patients in four studies, reduction in BMD in two studies, and increased incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in one study. Sarcopenia in IBD was significantly associated with a reduction in BMD in one study. Two studies found a personalised nutrition plan (high protein) in IBD patients significantly improved muscle mass. One study found a significant positive association between muscle mass and dietary intake including high protein intake.
CONCLUSION
Over one third of adult IBD patients have myopenia and pre-sarcopenia, and nearly a fifth have sarcopenia. Myopeninc IBD is significantly associated with increased risk of IBD therapy failure, postoperative complications, and low BMD, with possible association with increased NAFLD risk. Nutritional therapy may play a role in reversing low muscle mass though yet unclear if this is through disease activity reversal. Further studies on adult IBD patients focusing on sarcopenia/myopenia are needed with recommended study designs of 1) standardised population-based definitions with recommended standard methods used to measure skeletal muscle mass, 2) prospective studies with IBD patients stratified by Montreal classification, disease activity, disease duration and concomitant medication to observe muscle changes, 3) mechanistic studies on sarcopenia aetiology, specifically focusing on protein handling atrophy and absorption, 4) properly designed RCT to assess nutrition intervention in sarcopenic IBD patients.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Sarcopenia; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Nutritional Status; Muscular Atrophy
PubMed: 37352818
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.05.002 -
The Journals of Gerontology. Series A,... Feb 2024Falls are a common cause of injury, hospitalization, functional decline, and residential care admission among older adults. Cardiovascular disorders are recognized risk... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Falls are a common cause of injury, hospitalization, functional decline, and residential care admission among older adults. Cardiovascular disorders are recognized risk factors for falls. This systematic review assesses the association between cardiovascular disorders and falls in older adults.
METHODS
Systematic searches were conducted on MEDLINE and Embase, encompassing all literature published prior to December 31, 2022. Included studies addressed persons aged 50 years and older, and assessed the association between cardiovascular disorders and falls or the efficacy of cardiovascular-based interventions to reduce falls. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality utilizing a modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale for observational studies, and the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool for interventional studies. A systematic narrative analysis of all cardiovascular outcomes, and meta-analyses of unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) were performed.
RESULTS
One hundred and eighty-four studies were included: 181 observational and 3 interventional. Several cardiovascular disorders, including stroke, coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, arterial stiffness, arrhythmia, orthostatic hypotension, and carotid sinus hypersensitivity, were consistently associated with falls. In meta-analysis of unadjusted ORs, the largest positive pooled associations with falls during a 12-month reporting interval were for stroke (OR: 1.90, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.70-2.11), peripheral arterial disease (OR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.12-2.95), atrial fibrillation (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.27-1.82), and orthostatic hypotension (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.18-1.64).
CONCLUSIONS
Several cardiovascular disorders are associated with falls. These results suggest the need to incorporate cardiovascular assessments for patients with falls. This review informed the cardiovascular recommendations in the new World Guidelines for falls in older adults.Clinical Trials Registration Number: CRD42021272245.
Topics: Humans; Middle Aged; Aged; Hypotension, Orthostatic; Accidental Falls; Cardiovascular Diseases; Risk Factors; Stroke
PubMed: 37738307
DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad221 -
A systematic review with meta-analysis of Yoga's contributions to neuropsychiatric aspects of aging.Behavioural Brain Research Oct 2023Yoga is one of the most common Complementary and Alternative Medicines (CAM) for mind-body approaches to psychological and stress-related conditions in aging. Such wide... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
UNLABELLED
Yoga is one of the most common Complementary and Alternative Medicines (CAM) for mind-body approaches to psychological and stress-related conditions in aging. Such wide usage demands the review and systematization of the scientific literature, searching for accumulated evidence of its effectiveness. We reviewed the literature to assess whether Yoga would offer significant improvements to neuropsychiatric aspects of the elderly: anxiety, depression, stress, memory and executive functions.
METHODS
This systematic review with meta-analyses organized the results from all analyzed articles, comparing them between the experimental and either the control or waiting groups, calculating the effect size (Cohen-d) and the p-value of a two-tailed T-test. We presented the transformed metadata in forest graphs.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Given the heterogeneity of methods, results, and effect sizes of each study and due to the number of articles found, this meta-analysis indicates that it is not possible to state that Yoga reduces anxiety and stress in the elderly or improves cognition. However, this meta-analysis found significant results of Yoga in reducing depression with small to medium effect sizes.
CONCLUSION
According to the currently available literature on Yoga and aspects of aging, we concluded that yoga was effective in most studies on reducing depression.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Yoga; Aging; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Cognition
PubMed: 37598905
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114636 -
Lasers in Medical Science Sep 2023Laser therapies have been well-established in ameliorating skin-aging consequences. This systematic review aims to determine the efficacy, safety profile, and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Laser therapies have been well-established in ameliorating skin-aging consequences. This systematic review aims to determine the efficacy, safety profile, and satisfaction rates of laser combination therapies on skin rejuvenation resurfacing. A systematic search was performed in four major databases up to September 2022. Skin rejuvenation studies were eligible comprising at least one laser combination arm, inclusive of all laser types (ablative or non-ablatives), and one monotherapy arm selected from one of the combined modalities. Studies combining one laser modality with radiofrequency (RF) or intense pulse light (IPL) were also assessed. Trials that did not encompass a monotherapy control arm were evaluated independently as single-arm studies. Eighteen clinical trials recruiting 448 cases were included after screening. A total of 532 nm KTP + 1064 nm Nd:YAG and 2940 nm Er:YAG + Nd:YAG were the two most utilized laser combinations and exerted higher improvements and milder adverse events, compared to their monotherapy in most studies. Combining CO with rhodamine-IPL or gallium arsenide laser increased efficacy and satisfaction and brings about faster skin recovery time. Augmenting CO + RF did not increase improvement vs CO laser alone but prolonged skin erythema. Our meta-analysis revealed the pooled prevalence of quartile improvement rates as 0%, 28%, 40%, 27% in laser combination group, and 0%, 9%, 31%, 17% in laser monotherapy group, respectively. The satisfaction within each quartile category was 39%, 25%, 15%, 7% in laser combination and 20%, 25%, 16%, 17% in laser monotherapy, respectively, suggestive of the higher efficacy and satisfaction of laser combination group. The pain scores were lower in laser combination group than monotherapy (4.8 ± 1.18 vs 7.18 ± 0.7, converted on a scale of 0 to 10). Post-laser skin erythema lasted less longer in the combination group (12.8 vs 15.24 days). Laser combination therapies were discovered to be superior to their monotherapies in terms of clinical improvement rates, diminished adverse events such as pain and erythema and patients satisfaction rates. Due to paucity of high-quality reportings, additional trials are warranted to corroborate these results.
Topics: Humans; Rejuvenation; Carbon Dioxide; Laser Therapy; Erythema; Lasers, Gas; Skin Aging; Pain; Lasers, Solid-State; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37776370
DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03856-5 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023Protein aggregation is one of the hallmarks of aging and aging-related diseases, especially for the neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD),... (Review)
Review
Protein aggregation is one of the hallmarks of aging and aging-related diseases, especially for the neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and others. In these diseases, many pathogenic proteins, such as amyloid-β, tau, α-Syn, Htt, and FUS, form aggregates that disrupt the normal physiological function of cells and lead to associated neuronal lesions. Protein aggregates in NDs are widely recognized as one of the important targets for the treatment of these diseases. Natural products, with their diverse biological activities and rich medical history, represent a great treasure trove for the development of therapeutic strategies to combat disease. A number of in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that natural products, by virtue of their complex molecular scaffolds that specifically bind to pathogenic proteins and their aggregates, can inhibit the formation of aggregates, disrupt the structure of aggregates and destabilize them, thereby alleviating conditions associated with NDs. Here, we systematically reviewed studies using natural products to improve disease-related symptoms by reducing or inhibiting the formation of five pathogenic protein aggregates associated with NDs. This information should provide valuable insights into new directions and ideas for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Topics: Humans; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Protein Aggregates; Biological Products; Parkinson Disease; Alzheimer Disease
PubMed: 37511037
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411275 -
Maturitas Dec 2023Aging is associated with a loss of skeletal muscle mass and function that negatively impacts the independence and quality of life of older individuals. Females... (Review)
Review
Aging is associated with a loss of skeletal muscle mass and function that negatively impacts the independence and quality of life of older individuals. Females demonstrate a distinct pattern of muscle aging compared to males, potentially due to menopause, when the production of endogenous sex hormones declines. This systematic review aims to investigate the current knowledge about the role of estrogen in female skeletal muscle aging. A systematic search of MEDLINE Complete, Global Health, Embase, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and CINHAL was conducted. Studies were considered eligible if they compared a state of estrogen deficiency (e.g. postmenopausal females) or supplementation (e.g. estrogen therapy) to normal estrogen conditions (e.g. premenopausal females or no supplementation). Outcome variables of interest included measures of skeletal muscle mass, function, damage/repair, and energy metabolism. Quality assessment was completed with the relevant Johanna Briggs critical appraisal tool, and data were synthesized in a narrative manner. Thirty-two studies were included in the review. Compared to premenopausal women, postmenopausal women had reduced muscle mass and strength, but the effect of menopause on markers of muscle damage and expression of the genes involved in metabolic signaling pathways remains unclear. Some studies suggest a beneficial effect of estrogen therapy on muscle size and strength, but evidence is largely conflicting and inconclusive, potentially due to large variations in the reporting and status of exposure and outcomes. The findings from this review point toward a potential negative effect of estrogen deficiency on aging skeletal muscle, but further mechanistic evidence is needed to clarify its role.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Quality of Life; Estrogens; Aging; Menopause; Muscle, Skeletal
PubMed: 37716136
DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2023.107844 -
The Science of the Total Environment Sep 2023Microplastics pollution has attracted worldwide attention in recent years due to their wide distribution and severe threat to biota. Additionally, microplastics will... (Review)
Review
Microplastics pollution has attracted worldwide attention in recent years due to their wide distribution and severe threat to biota. Additionally, microplastics will undergo serious aging effects after being discarded into the environment. Aging can change surface properties and affect the environmental behavior of microplastics. However, information on the aging process and influencing factors of microplastics are still limited. This review summarized recently reported characterization methods, and aging means of microplastics. Subsequently, the corresponding aging mechanisms (abrasion, chemical oxidation, light irradiation, and biodegradation) and the intervention mechanism of environmental factors are revealed, which is helpful to understand the environmental aging processes and ecological risks of microplastics. Besides, to further comprehend the potential environmental toxicity of microplastics, the article also outlined the release of additives during aging. This paper provides reference directions for further study on aging microplastics through a systematic review. Future research works should further facilitate the development of technologies to identify aged microplastics. And more attention needs to focus on narrowing the gap between laboratory aging simulation and the natural environment, thereby enhancing research authenticity and environmental relevance.
Topics: Microplastics; Plastics; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Environmental Monitoring; Biodegradation, Environmental
PubMed: 37209753
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164035 -
European Review For Medical and... Oct 2023There is an abundance of information on facelifts, blepharoplasties, rhinoplasty, and other cosmetic surgical procedures for the upper third of the face, but little is...
OBJECTIVE
There is an abundance of information on facelifts, blepharoplasties, rhinoplasty, and other cosmetic surgical procedures for the upper third of the face, but little is known about perioral lip rejuvenation. The aim of this article is to examine the existing literature on lip rejuvenation and perioral procedures related to lip rejuvenation. Additionally, this article aims to highlight the importance of addressing perioral areas alongside lip rejuvenation procedures, rather than solely focusing on lip rejuvenation. We also discussed the extensive procedures and materials used for lip rejuvenation, such as hyaluronic acid, botulinum toxin A, abobotulinum, onabotulinum, incobotulinum, prabobotulinum, fat grafts, silicone fillers, human collagen, collagen stimulating procedures such as derma pens and derma rolls, radiation frequency, stem cells, and plasma therapy, as well as the underlying factors that contribute to varying success rates.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A thorough literature search was done using PubMed, Cochrane, Ebsco search, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science for the articles pertaining to facial and lip cosmetic surgeries 1995-2020. Keywords for the search included anatomy of the face, facial aging, perioral areas, lip rejuvenation, botox, grafts, facelift, plastic surgery, stem cell therapy, plasma treatment, and cosmetic surgery.
RESULTS
37 articles met the study criteria. 14 out of 37 studies included procedures for lip and perioral region rejuvenation. The remaining 23 studies either involved lip procedures alone or lip procedures in conjunction with facial cosmetic procedures. Lip rejuvenation with perioral enhancement with hyaluronic acid gel demonstrated a 94.3% improvement on the lip fullness scale (LFS) one month after re-treatment. The amalgamation of lip and perioral region rejuvenation produces a synergistic effect. Whereas, sole lip rejuvenation procedures showed short-term results with less patient satisfaction, calling for secondary lip rejuvenation procedures. It was also observed that hyaluronic acid was the most commonly used agent for lip rejuvenation procedures with minimal or no side effects.
CONCLUSIONS
In conjunction with perioral rejuvenation, lip rejuvenation procedures produce more aesthetically appealing results. However, any cosmetic surgical or non-surgical procedure is limited by the nature and composition of the products used. The use of FDA-approved products for rejuvenation is strongly advised to avoid undesirable side effects. Further extensive research is required on the long-term outcomes and adverse effects of stem cell transplants, such as tumor development.
Topics: Humans; Lip; Hyaluronic Acid; Cosmetic Techniques; Rejuvenation; Skin Aging; Collagen
PubMed: 37843317
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202310_33929 -
Fluids and Barriers of the CNS Dec 2023The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a complex structure that facilitates nutrient delivery and metabolic waste clearance, forms the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and supports... (Review)
Review
The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a complex structure that facilitates nutrient delivery and metabolic waste clearance, forms the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and supports fluid homeostasis in the brain. The integrity of NVU subcomponents can be measured in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including quantification of enlarged perivascular spaces (ePVS), BBB permeability, cerebral perfusion and extracellular free water. The breakdown of NVU subparts is individually associated with aging, pathology, and cognition. However, how these subcomponents interact as a system, and how interdependencies are impacted by pathology remains unclear. This systematic scoping review identified 26 studies that investigated the inter-relationships between multiple subcomponents of the NVU in nonclinical and neurodegenerative populations using MRI. A further 112 studies investigated associations between the NVU and white matter hyperintensities (WMH). We identify two putative clusters of NVU interdependencies: a 'vascular' cluster comprising BBB permeability, perfusion and basal ganglia ePVS; and a 'fluid' cluster comprising ePVS, free water and WMH. Emerging evidence suggests that subcomponent coupling within these clusters may be differentially related to aging, neurovascular injury or neurodegenerative pathology.
Topics: Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Brain; Blood-Brain Barrier; Water
PubMed: 38129925
DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00499-0 -
Ageing Research Reviews Jul 2023Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, characterized by the aggregation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) proteins into plaques. Individuals with AD... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The cross-sectional association between amyloid burden and white matter hyperintensities in older adults without cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, characterized by the aggregation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) proteins into plaques. Individuals with AD frequently show mixed pathologies, often caused by cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), resulting in lesions such as white matter hyperintensities (WMH). The current systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the cross-sectional relationship between amyloid burden and WMH in older adults without objective cognitive impairment. A systematic search performed in PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO yielded 13 eligible studies. Aβ was assessed using PET, CSF, or plasma measurements. Two meta-analyses were performed: one on Cohen's d metrics and one on correlation coefficients. The meta-analyses revealed an overall weighted small-to-medium Cohen's d of 0.55 (95% CI: 0.31-0.78) in CSF, an overall correlation of 0.31 (0.09-0.50) in CSF, and a large Cohen's d of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.66-1.27) in PET. Only two studies assessed this relationship in plasma, with an effect size of - 0.20 (95% CI: -0.75 to 0.34). These findings indicate a relationship between both amyloid and vascular pathologies in cognitively normal adults in PET and CSF. Future studies should assess the possible relationship of blood amyloid-beta and WMH for broader identification of at risk individuals showing mixed pathology in preclinical stages.
Topics: Humans; Aged; White Matter; Alzheimer Disease; Cognitive Dysfunction; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Amyloid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 37178806
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101952