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International Journal of Dental Hygiene Jun 2024Professional oral hygiene is essential to prevent peri-implant disease. Appropriate instruments should be employed for implant-supported restorations: they should... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Professional oral hygiene is essential to prevent peri-implant disease. Appropriate instruments should be employed for implant-supported restorations: they should effectively remove deposits without damaging dental implant surface. The aim of the present systematic review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of erythritol air-polishing in implant-supported rehabilitations, compared to alternative hygienic techniques.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The guidelines reported in the indications of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) were employed for this systematic review. The focused question was: 'what is the effect of erythritol air-polishing on dental implant surfaces regarding its cleansing efficacy and/or safety?' The final online search was conducted on 13 August 2023; MEDLINE-PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library were employed. Comparative in vitro or in vivo original studies were included.
RESULTS
The initial database search yielded 128 entries; the final selection comprised 15 articles. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle Ottawa scale (NOS), the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, GRADE method. Ultrasonic scaling with PEEK tips, glycine air-polishing and cold atmospheric plasma were the devices most frequently compared to erythritol powder in the included studies. Erythritol air-polishing appeared to be significantly more effective in reducing biofilm compared to other treatments, without causing any significant damage to the implant surface and peri-implant tissues, promoting a good biological response.
CONCLUSION
Erythritol air-polishing showed promising results for professional oral hygiene in implant-supported restorations. According to this systematic review, it is effective and safe for removing biofilm from titanium dental implants.
PubMed: 38825804
DOI: 10.1111/idh.12836 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Dec 2023The occurrence of orofacial Clefts (OFCs) is a congenital disease caused by many factors. According to recent studies, air pollution has a strong correlation with the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The occurrence of orofacial Clefts (OFCs) is a congenital disease caused by many factors. According to recent studies, air pollution has a strong correlation with the occurrence of OFCs. However, there are still some controversies about the current research results, and there is no relevant research to review the latest results in recent years.
OBJECTIVE
In this paper, the authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the correlation between ambient air pollution and the occurrence of neonatal OFCs deformity.
METHODS
We searched Pubmed, Web of science, and Embase databases from the establishment of the database to May 2023. We included observational studies on the relationship between prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), fine particulate matter 10 (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO) and the risk of cleft lip (CL), cleft palate (CP), cleft lip with or without palate (CL/P). the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of the literature. Funnel plot and Egger's regression were used to verify the publication bias. Random effect model or fixed effect model was used to estimate the combined relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI).
RESULTS
A total of eleven studies were included in this study, including four cohort studies and seven case-control studies, including 22,453 cases of OFCs. Ten studies had low risk of bias and only one study had high risk of bias. Three studies reported that PM was positively correlated with CL and CP, with a combined RR and 95%CI of 1.287(1.174,1.411) and 1.267 (1.105,1.454). Two studies reported a positive correlation between O and CL, with a combined RR and 95%CI of 1.132(1.047,1.225). Two studies reported a positive correlation between PM and CL, with a combined RR and 95%CI of 1.108 (1.017,1.206). No association was found between SO, CO, NO exposure during pregnancy and the risk of OFCs.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study showed that there was a significant statistical correlation between exposure to PM, PM, O and the risk of OFCs in the second month of pregnancy. Exposure assessment, research methods and mechanisms need to be further explored.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Air Pollutants; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Air Pollution; Particulate Matter; Ozone; Sulfur Dioxide; Nitrogen Dioxide; Environmental Exposure
PubMed: 38041018
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-06104-4 -
Pediatric Pulmonology May 2024Globally, observational studies have demonstrated an association between high levels of air pollution and asthma attacks in children. It remains unclear whether and to... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Globally, observational studies have demonstrated an association between high levels of air pollution and asthma attacks in children. It remains unclear whether and to what extent exposure may be associated with increased near-fatal/fatal attacks.
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review the evidence for an association between ambient outdoor air pollution and fatal and/or near-fatal asthma (NFA).
METHODS
Following Cochrane methodology, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Open Grey electronic databases for studies reporting the association of fatal/NFA and air pollution (particulate matter [PM], sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, black carbon and ozone [O]) in children. NFA was defined as requiring intensive care unit (ICU) management.
RESULTS
Two reviewers independently screened 1358 papers. A total of 276 studies identified asthma attacks related to air pollution, 272 did not meet inclusion criteria after full-text review. Four observational studies described fatal/NFA, of which three addressed NFA. PM2.5 (per 12.5 µg/m increase) and O (per 22 ppb increase) were associated with NFA in one study (PM2.5, relative risk: 1.26, confidence interval [CI] [1.10-1.44]), O(1.19 [1.01-1.40]). PM10 was associated with ICU admission in the context of thunderstorm asthma. Elemental carbon was associated equally with NFA that did not require an ICU admission (p = 0.67). Studies of fatal asthma including children did not demarcate age within the analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
Ozone and PM2.5 have been associated with NFA in children but synthesis is limited by the paucity of studies and methodological heterogeneity. Poor reporting of severities of asthma attacks hinders the assessment of whether outdoor air pollution is associated with an increased number of NFA/fatal attacks in children.
Topics: Humans; Asthma; Child; Air Pollution; Air Pollutants; Particulate Matter; Environmental Exposure; Ozone
PubMed: 38477643
DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26932 -
Cureus Aug 2023Back pain and neck pain are important public health concerns and are among the most common and disabling conditions globally. However, the relationships among indoor air... (Review)
Review
Back pain and neck pain are important public health concerns and are among the most common and disabling conditions globally. However, the relationships among indoor air quality (IAQ), breathing parameters (pulmonary function, respiratory disorders), and back pain and neck pain have not been adequately assessed. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature about the impact of IAQ and breathing parameters on back pain and neck pain (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022380515). CINAHL, EMBASE, PEDRo, and PubMed databases were searched through January 19, 2023. Inclusion criteria for study eligibility were observational studies (except case reports) or randomized controlled trials (RCTs), published in peer-reviewed journals in the English language, human research, original research, examined the relationships between IAQ, or breathing parameters with back pain or neck pain. Review procedures were conducted and reported according to PRISMA recommendations. Empirical evidence statements were developed for observational studies, and grades of evidence statements were developed for RCTs. Sixty-seven eligible studies were found (54 observational studies and 13 RCTs) that enrolled 345,832 participants. None of the studies assessed the combined impact of IAQ and breathing parameters on back pain or neck pain. No level 1 studies were found, which precludes making strong statements about causality and strong recommendations about the efficacy of IAQ and breathing exercise interventions for reducing pain and disability related to back pain and neck pain. Evidence indicates that poor IAQ and respiratory disorders are related to an increased risk of back pain and neck pain. Conflicting evidence exists about the association between pulmonary function with back pain and neck pain. Evidence for breathing exercise interventions was mixed with numerous limitations. This review provides preliminary evidence on the relationships of IAQ and breathing parameters with back pain and neck pain, which can be used to guide future research and clinical implementation efforts. Assuming positive findings in subsequent research, a wide range of stakeholders involved with this complex human-building-environment interface can be equipped to address IAQ and breathing parameters, along with other established risk factors to help those suffering from back pain and neck pain.
PubMed: 37638265
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43945 -
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical... Apr 2024There is insufficient systematized evidence on the effectiveness of individual intranasal medications in allergic rhinitis (AR).
BACKGROUND
There is insufficient systematized evidence on the effectiveness of individual intranasal medications in allergic rhinitis (AR).
OBJECTIVES
We sought to perform a systematic review to compare the efficacy of individual intranasal corticosteroids and antihistamines against placebo in improving the nasal and ocular symptoms and the rhinoconjunctivitis-related quality of life of patients with perennial or seasonal AR.
METHODS
The investigators searched 4 electronic bibliographic databases and 3 clinical trials databases for randomized controlled trials (1) assessing adult patients with seasonal or perennial AR and (2) comparing the use of intranasal corticosteroids or antihistamines versus placebo. Assessed outcomes included the Total Nasal Symptom Score, the Total Ocular Symptom Score, and the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality-of-Life Questionnaire. The investigators performed random-effects meta-analyses of mean differences for each medication and outcome. The investigators assessed evidence certainty using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach.
RESULTS
This review included 151 primary studies, most of which assessed patients with seasonal AR and displayed unclear or high risk of bias. Both in perennial and seasonal AR, most assessed treatments were more effective than placebo. In seasonal AR, azelastine-fluticasone, fluticasone furoate, and fluticasone propionate were the medications with the highest probability of resulting in moderate or large improvements in the Total Nasal Symptom Score and Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality-of-Life Questionnaire. Azelastine-fluticasone displayed the highest probability of resulting in moderate or large improvements of Total Ocular Symptom Score. Overall, evidence certainty was considered "high" in 6 of 46 analyses, "moderate" in 23 of 46 analyses, and "low"/"very low" in 17 of 46 analyses.
CONCLUSIONS
Most intranasal medications are effective in improving rhinitis symptoms and quality of life. However, there are relevant differences in the associated evidence certainty.
PubMed: 38685482
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.04.016 -
The Science of the Total Environment Feb 2024Childhood overweight and obesity is a global problem. 38 million children under five years old were reported as being overweight/obese in 2019. However, current evidence... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Childhood overweight and obesity is a global problem. 38 million children under five years old were reported as being overweight/obese in 2019. However, current evidence regarding the effects of air pollution on children weight status remains scarce and inconsistent. This study aimed to determine the association between air pollutants and the weight status of children and adolescents. Four databases were searched up to August 9, 2023. Adjusted merged odds ratios (ORs), regression coefficients (β), and their 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs) were calculated and pooled. A total of 27 studies were included. The results showed that air pollutants had adverse effects on the body weight of children and adolescents. Exposure to PM, PM, PM, and PM were associated with increased risk of overweight/obesity, with pooled ORs (95 % CI) of 1.23 (1.09, 1.40), 1.18 (1.10, 1.28), 1.04 (1.03, 1.05) and 1.11 (1.06, 1.17) per 10 μg/m increment, respectively. Individuals with higher exposure levels to NO, O, SO and CO (per 10 μg/m increment) were associated with 12 %, 6 %, 28 % and 1 % increased odds of being overweight/obese, respectively. With respect to the level of body mass index, the pooled β (95 % CIs) for each 10 μg/m increase in PM, PM, PM, and NO exposure were 0.15 (0.12, 0.18), 0.11 (0.06, 0.16), 0.07 (0.03, 0.10), and 0.03 (0.01, 0.04), respectively. PM has relatively strong adverse effects on body weight status. The subgroup analysis revealed a significantly increase in the risk of overweight/obesity when the concentrations of PM, PM, and NO exceeded 35 μg/m, 50 μg/m, and 40 μg/m, respectively. Exposure to PM, PM and NO increased the risk of overweight/obesity, especially in Asia. This study provides evidence of the association between air pollution and being overweight/obese in children and adolescents.
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Child, Preschool; Pediatric Obesity; Overweight; Air Pollution; Air Pollutants; Particulate Matter; Environmental Exposure; Nitrogen Dioxide
PubMed: 37984657
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168589 -
Human Gene Therapy Feb 2024Clinical trials of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based gene therapy have made remarkable progress in recent years. We aimed to perform a systematic review and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Clinical trials of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based gene therapy have made remarkable progress in recent years. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature to assess the efficacy and safety of AAV-based gene therapy for hemophilia. We systematically searched the Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews databases, for clinical trials involving patients diagnosed with hemophilia and treated with AAV-mediated gene therapy. Data on the annualized bleeding rate (ABR), annualized infusion rate (AIR), the incidence of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), severe adverse events (SAEs), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation were extracted as our outcomes. A total of 12 articles from 11 clinical trials were selected from 868 articles for meta-analysis. Pooled analyses showed that AAV-based gene therapy in hemophilia patients reduced the number of bleeding events and the number of factor infusion events by an approximate average of 7 per year and 103 per year, respectively. Eighty percent, 18%, and 63% of hemophilia patients had elevated TRAE, SAE, and ALT levels, respectively. Moreover, subgroup analysis found a significant reduction in ABR and AIR 2-3 years after the therapy. Additional findings that were not pooled including coagulation factor activity are presented in the accompanying tables. Our analysis supported the efficacy and safety of AAV-mediated gene therapy for hemophilia, providing evidence for its application as a therapeutic option for widespread clinical use in hemophilia patients in the future.
Topics: Humans; Dependovirus; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Hemophilia A; Hemophilia B; Hemorrhage
PubMed: 38185849
DOI: 10.1089/hum.2023.208 -
The Science of the Total Environment May 2024Respiratory disease transmission in indoor environments presents persistent challenges for health authorities, as exemplified by the recent COVID-19 pandemic. This... (Review)
Review
Respiratory disease transmission in indoor environments presents persistent challenges for health authorities, as exemplified by the recent COVID-19 pandemic. This underscores the urgent necessity to investigate the dynamics of viral infection transmission within indoor environments. This systematic review delves into the methodologies of respiratory infection transmission in indoor settings and explores how the quality of indoor air (IAQ) can be controlled to alleviate this risk while considering the imperative of sustainability. Among the 2722 articles reviewed, 178 were retained based on their focus on respiratory viral infection transmission and IAQ. Fifty eight articles delved into SARS-CoV-2 transmission, 21 papers evaluated IAQ in contexts of other pandemics, 53 papers assessed IAQ during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and 46 papers examined control strategies to mitigate infectious transmission. Furthermore, of the 46 papers investigating control strategies, only nine considered energy consumption. These findings highlight clear gaps in current research, such as analyzing indoor air and surface samples for specific indoor environments, oversight of indoor and outdoor parameters (e.g., temperature, relative humidity (RH), and building orientation), neglect of occupancy schedules, and the absence of considerations for energy consumption while enhancing IAQ. This study distinctly identifies the indoor environmental conditions conducive to the thriving of each respiratory virus, offering IAQ trade-offs to mitigate the risk of dominant viruses at any given time. This study argues that future research should involve digital twins in conjunction with machine learning (ML) techniques. This approach aims to enhance IAQ by analyzing the transmission patterns of various respiratory viruses while considering energy consumption.
Topics: Humans; Air Pollution, Indoor; Pandemics; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Temperature; Viruses
PubMed: 38432379
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171308 -
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and... Oct 2023Current guidelines recommend endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute ischaemic stroke (AIS), due to large-vessel occlusion and an Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Current guidelines recommend endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute ischaemic stroke (AIS), due to large-vessel occlusion and an Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) of ≥6. High-quality evidence resulting from randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs) regarding EVT among large-core AIS has recently become available, justifying an updated meta-analysis aiming to evaluate efficacy and safety of EVT in this clinical setting.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis including all available RCTs that compared EVT in addition to best medical treatment (BMT) versus BMT alone for large-core AIS (defined by ASPECTS 2-5 or volumetric methods). The primary outcome was reduced disability at 3 months (≥1-point reduction across all Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) grades). Secondary outcomes included independent ambulation at 3 months (mRS score 0-3), good functional outcome at 3 months (mRS score 0-2), excellent functional outcome at 3 months (mRS score 0-1), symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (sICH) and any intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) and mortality at 3 months. The random-effects model was used.
RESULTS
Four RCTs were included comprising a total of 662 patients treated with EVT vs 649 patients treated with BMT. Compared with BMT, EVT was significantly associated with reduced disability (common OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.07; I=0%), independent ambulation (risk ratio (RR) 1.69, 95% CI 1.33 to 2.14; I=39%) and good functional outcome (RR 2.33, 95% CI 1.76 to 3.10; I=0%), but not with excellent functional outcome (RR 1.46, 95% CI 0.91 to 2.33; I=39%) at 3 months. Although rates of sICH (RR 1.98, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.68; I=0%) and any ICH (RR 2.13, 95% CI 1.70 to 2.66; I=37%) were higher in the EVT group, 3-month mortality (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.15; I=0%) did not differ between the two groups.
CONCLUSION
EVT appears to be effective and safe and may be considered for the treatment of large-core AIS, as assessed by ASPECTS of 2-5 or volumetric methods.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42022334417.
Topics: Humans; Stroke; Brain Ischemia; Treatment Outcome; Endovascular Procedures; Ischemic Stroke; Intracranial Hemorrhages; Thrombectomy
PubMed: 37451694
DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2023-331513 -
Environmental Science & Technology Jul 2023Mobile ambient air quality monitoring is rapidly changing the current paradigm of air quality monitoring and growing as an important tool to address air quality and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Mobile ambient air quality monitoring is rapidly changing the current paradigm of air quality monitoring and growing as an important tool to address air quality and climate data gaps across the globe. This review seeks to provide a systematic understanding of the current landscape of advances and applications in this field. We observe a rapidly growing number of air quality studies employing mobile monitoring, with low-cost sensor usage drastically increasing in recent years. A prominent research gap was revealed, highlighting the double burden of severe air pollution and poor air quality monitoring in low- and middle-income regions. Experiment-design-wise, the advances in low-cost monitoring technology show great potential in bridging this gap while bringing unique opportunities for real-time personal exposure, large-scale deployment, and diversified monitoring strategies. The median value of unique observations at the same location in spatial regression studies is ten, which can be used as a rule-of-thumb for future experiment design. Data-analysis-wise, even though data mining techniques have been extensively employed in air quality analysis and modeling, future research can benefit from exploring air quality information from nontabular data, such as images and natural language.
Topics: Air Pollutants; Environmental Monitoring; Air Pollution; Particulate Matter
PubMed: 37343238
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06310