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International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2023Diabetes is a serious chronic metabolic disease that causes complications over time, bringing serious public health challenges that affect different countries across the... (Review)
Review
Diabetes is a serious chronic metabolic disease that causes complications over time, bringing serious public health challenges that affect different countries across the world. The current clinical drugs for diabetes may lead to adverse effects such as hypoglycemia and liver and abdominal distension and pain, which prompt people to explore new treatments for diabetes without side effects. The research objective of this review article is to systematically review studies on vitamins and diabetes and to explain their possible mechanism of action, as well as to assess the role of vitamins as drugs for the prevention and treatment of diabetes. To achieve our objective, we searched scientific databases in PubMed Central, Medline databases and Web of Science for articles, using "vitamin" and "diabetes" as key words. The results of numerous scientific investigations revealed that vitamin levels were decreased in humans and animals with diabetes, and vitamins show promise for the prevention and/or control of diabetes through anti-inflammation, antioxidation and the regulation of lipid metabolism. However, a few studies showed that vitamins had no positive effect on the development of diabetes. Currently, studies on vitamins in the treatment of diabetes are still very limited, and there are no clinical data to clarify the dose-effect relationship between vitamins and diabetes; therefore, vitamins are not recommended as routine drugs for the treatment of diabetes. However, we still emphasize the great potential of vitamins in the prevention and treatment of diabetes, and higher quality studies are needed in the future to reveal the role of vitamins in the development of diabetes.
Topics: Humans; Vitamins; Dietary Supplements; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 38003557
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216371 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) May 2024A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between the common dietary antioxidants vitamin C, vitamin E, and β-carotene and type 2... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between the common dietary antioxidants vitamin C, vitamin E, and β-carotene and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related traits. MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant publications up until May 2023. Studies were eligible if they had a cohort, case-control, or randomized controlled trial (RCT) design and examined dietary intake, supplementation, or circulating levels of these antioxidants as exposure, and insulin resistance, β-cell function, or T2D incidence as outcomes. Summary relative risks (RR) or mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using random-effects models. The certainty of the evidence was assessed with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations framework. Among 6190 screened records, 25 prospective observational studies and 15 RCTs were eligible. Inverse associations were found between dietary and circulating antioxidants and T2D (observational studies). The lowest risk was seen at intakes of 70 mg/d of vitamin C (RR: 0.76; CI: 0.61, 0.95), 12 mg/d of vitamin E (RR: 0.72; CI: 0.61, 0.86), and 4 mg/d of β-carotene (RR: 0.78; CI: 0.65, 0.94). Supplementation with vitamin E (RR: 1.01; CI: 0.93, 1.10) or β-carotene (RR: 0.98; CI: 0.90, 1.07) did not have a protective effect on T2D (RCTs), and data on vitamin C supplementation was limited. Regarding insulin resistance, higher dietary vitamin C (RR: 0.85; CI: 0.74, 0.98) and vitamin E supplementation (MD: -0.35; CI: -0.65, -0.06) were associated with a reduced risk. The certainty of evidence was high for the associations between T2D and dietary vitamin E and β-carotene, and low to moderate for other associations. In conclusion, moderate intakes of vitamins C, E, and β-carotene may lower risk of T2D by reducing insulin resistance. Lack of protection with supplementation in RCTs suggests that adequate rather than high intakes may play a role in T2D prevention. This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO with registration number CRD42022343482.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; beta Carotene; Ascorbic Acid; Vitamin E; Antioxidants; Dietary Supplements; Insulin Resistance; Diet; Risk Factors; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Adult; Aged
PubMed: 38493875
DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100211 -
Pediatric Dermatology 2023Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition that has been insufficiently studied in the pediatric population. Timely and effective medical... (Review)
Review
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition that has been insufficiently studied in the pediatric population. Timely and effective medical treatments may improve quality of life, mitigate disease burden, and prevent the need for invasive procedural interventions such as surgical excisions. However, there is a paucity of research on the efficacy of medical management strategies for HS in children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature on the efficacy and safety of medical treatments for HS in patients <18 years of age. In April 2022, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for articles on the efficacy of medical treatments for HS in the pediatric population. Between 1984 and 2022, 35 articles (101 patients) met the inclusion criteria. Most patients had Hurley Stage II disease (46.7%, 35/75) followed by Stage I (36%, 27/75), and Stage III (17.3%, 13/75). 100% (23/23) of patients responded to antibiotics, 100% (8/8) to finasteride, 93.9% (31/33) to biologics, 80% (4/5) to oral retinoids, and 50% (6/12) to metformin. Overall, this study demonstrates that medical treatment regimens can improve HS symptoms in pediatric patients, but the extent of improvement is unclear, and the results were largely based on case reports or case series. Prospective studies are warranted to better understand the efficacy and safety of medical treatments for pediatric HS. Clinical trials of HS therapies need to be inclusive of pediatric patients to help define the optimal timing of treatment initiation and guide patient selection.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Child; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Quality of Life; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Retinoids; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 37525978
DOI: 10.1111/pde.15404 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2023Bisphenols such as bisphenol A (BPA), S (BPS), C (BPC), F (BPF), AF (BPAF), tetrabromobisphenol, nonylphenol, and octylphenol are plasticizers used worldwide to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Bisphenols such as bisphenol A (BPA), S (BPS), C (BPC), F (BPF), AF (BPAF), tetrabromobisphenol, nonylphenol, and octylphenol are plasticizers used worldwide to manufacture daily-use articles. Exposure to these compounds is related to many pathologies of public health importance, such as infertility. Using a protector compound against the reproductive toxicological effects of bisphenols is of scientific interest. Melatonin and vitamins have been tested, but the results are not conclusive. To this end, this systematic review and meta-analysis compared the response of reproductive variables to melatonin and vitamin administration as protectors against damage caused by bisphenols. We search for controlled studies of male rats exposed to bisphenols to induce alterations in reproduction, with at least one intervention group receiving melatonin or vitamins (B, C, or E). Also, molecular docking simulations were performed between the androgen (AR) and estrogen receptors (ER), melatonin, and vitamins. About 1234 records were initially found; finally, 13 studies were qualified for review and meta-analysis. Melatonin plus bisphenol improves sperm concentration and viability of sperm and increases testosterone serum levels compared with control groups; however, groups receiving vitamins plus bisphenols had lower sperm concentration, total testis weight, and testosterone serum levels than the control. In the docking analysis, vitamin E had the highest negative MolDock score, representing the best binding affinity with AR and ER, compared with other vitamins and melatonin in the docking. Our findings suggest that vitamins could act as an endocrine disruptor, and melatonin is most effective in protecting against the toxic effects of bisphenols.
Topics: Male; Rats; Animals; Melatonin; Vitamins; Molecular Docking Simulation; Semen; Benzhydryl Compounds; Reproduction; Receptors, Estrogen; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Testosterone; Endocrine Disruptors
PubMed: 37834378
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914930 -
Nutrients Dec 2023This systematic review aims to assess whether edible vegetable oils and fats fortified with vitamin A and/or D are effective and safe in improving vitamin intake and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Benefits and Harms of Edible Vegetable Oils and Fats Fortified with Vitamins A and D as a Public Health Intervention in the General Population: A Systematic Review of Interventions.
This systematic review aims to assess whether edible vegetable oils and fats fortified with vitamin A and/or D are effective and safe in improving vitamin intake and ameliorating deficiency states in the general population. In November 2022, we systematically searched MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Scopus, Global Index Medicus, ClinicalTrials.gov, and WHO ICTRP (International Clinical Trials Registry Platform) for randomized controlled trials (RCT) and non-randomized studies of interventions (NRSI) investigating the fortification of edible vegetable oils and fats with either vitamin A or vitamin D or both as compared to the same vegetable oils and/or fats without vitamin A and D fortification or no interventions, in the general population, without age restriction. We assessed the methodological quality of included RCTs using Cochrane's risk of bias tool 2.0 and of NRSIs using ROBINS-I tool. We performed random-effects meta-analysis and assessed certainty of evidence using GRADE. We included eight studies. Available evidence showed no significant effect of fortification with vitamin A on serum retinol levels (RCTs: MD 0.35 µmol/L, 95% CI -0.43 to 1.12; two trials; 514 participants; low-certainty evidence; CCTs: MD 0.31 µmol/L, 95% CI -0.18 to 0.80; two trials; 205 participants; very low-certainty evidence) and on subclinical vitamin A deficiency. Low-certainty evidence showed no effect of vitamin D fortification on serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentration (MD 6.59 nmol/L, 95% CI -6.89 to 20.07; one trial; 62 participants). In conclusion, vitamin A-fortified vegetable oils and fats may result in little to no difference in serum retinol levels in general populations. The dose of vitamin A used in the trials may be safe but may not be sufficient to reduce subclinical vitamin A deficiency. Further, the evidence suggests that vitamin D fortification results in little to no difference in serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentration. Several aspects of providing fortified oils and fats to the general population as a public health intervention should be further investigated, including optimal fortification dose, effects on vitamin D deficiency and its clinical symptoms and potential adverse effects.
Topics: Humans; Vitamins; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vegetables; Public Health; Plant Oils; Food, Fortified; Vitamin K; Vitamin D
PubMed: 38140394
DOI: 10.3390/nu15245135 -
The Annals of Pharmacotherapy Sep 2023To assess the efficacy, safety, and clinical application of tretinoin 0.1%-benzoyl peroxide 3% cream for the topical treatment of acne vulgaris. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To assess the efficacy, safety, and clinical application of tretinoin 0.1%-benzoyl peroxide 3% cream for the topical treatment of acne vulgaris.
DATA SOURCES
A systematic review of the literature was performed using the terms OR OR in MEDLINE (PubMed) and EMBASE. ClinicalTrials.gov was searched to obtain completed clinical trial results not published elsewhere.
STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION
All human studies published in English prior to November 2022 related to pharmacology, clinical trials, safety, and efficacy were evaluated for inclusion.
DATA SYNTHESIS
In two 12-week, phase 3, randomized, vehicle-controlled clinical trials, tretinoin 0.1%-benzoyl peroxide 3% cream significantly reduced inflammatory and noninflammatory facial acne lesions and significantly improved Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) rating to clear or almost clear. The cream has a suitable safety profile, with application site pain and dryness as the most common adverse events.
RELEVANCE TO PATIENT CARE AND CLINICAL PRACTICE IN COMPARISON TO EXISTING AGENTS
Tretinoin-BPO had similar IGA success compared to other topical retinoid and retinoid-BPO treatments for acne vulgaris. Compared to individual tretinoin and benzoyl peroxide therapy, the combination product streamlines application, which will improve medication adherence; however, the cost of tretinoin-BPO cream may be prohibitive.
CONCLUSIONS
Tretinoin 0.1%-benzoyl peroxide 3% cream is safe and effective for the treatment of moderate-to-severe acne. Long-term trial data on efficacy and tolerability are not yet available.
Topics: Humans; Acne Vulgaris; Benzoyl Peroxide; Dermatologic Agents; Gels; Immunoglobulin A; Retinoids; Treatment Outcome; Tretinoin
PubMed: 36639853
DOI: 10.1177/10600280221147338 -
Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology Sep 2023Acne vulgaris is a very prevalent dermatological condition, especially among adolescents and young adults up to 25 years old, classifying it as juvenile acne. One of... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Acne vulgaris is a very prevalent dermatological condition, especially among adolescents and young adults up to 25 years old, classifying it as juvenile acne. One of the most effective treatments for severe acne is isotretinoin, a derivative of retinoic acid. Despite its high efficacy, this drug has been linked to several side effects including psychiatric adverse alterations, such as anxiety, depression and even suicide. With this systematic review we aim to determine if it is possible to establish a causal relation between oral isotretinoin in the treatment of juvenile acne and the appearance of psychiatric adverse effects.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We searched two distinct databases, PubMed and Web of Science, and considered the work published between January 2000 and November 2021.
RESULTS
Out of the 599 identified articles, we included 19 studies in this systematic review. Globally, the results we found do not support an association between the use of isotretinoin for acne treatment and mental side effects and the safety of this drug appears to be assured. However, the individual characteristics of each adolescent and their environment should be considered; the personal and family history of mental disorders are pointed out as red flags we should look out for when treating these patients.
CONCLUSION
Despite this being a highly debated topic, especially among the dermatology community, more studies with larger populations and randomised controlled trials are necessary to increase the strength of the evidence presented.
Topics: Adolescent; Young Adult; Humans; Isotretinoin; Acne Vulgaris; Anxiety; Treatment Outcome; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Dermatologic Agents
PubMed: 37343232
DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2227889 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Jan 2024Carotenoids appear to have anticancer effects. Prospective evidence for the relation between serum carotenoids and breast cancer is controversial. The present systematic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Carotenoids appear to have anticancer effects. Prospective evidence for the relation between serum carotenoids and breast cancer is controversial. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the link between circulating carotenoids and the risk of breast cancer. We performed a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to 30 November, 2022. Prospective studies on adults aged ≥18 y that have reported risk estimates for the association between circulating carotenoids and breast cancer risk were considered. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A random-effects model was used for combining studies' risk estimates. Dose-response relations were explored through a 1-stage random-effects model. Fifteen publications (17 nested case-control studies and 1 cohort study) with 20,188 participants and 7608 cases were included. We observed an inverse association between the highest level of circulating total carotenoids (relative risk [RR]: 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62, 0.93; n = 8), α-carotene (RR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.68, 0.87; n = 13), β-carotene (RR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.98; n = 15), β-cryptoxanthin (RR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.74, 0.96; n = 11), lycopene (RR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.76, 0.98; n = 13), and lutein (RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.93; n = 6) and the risk of breast cancer compared with the lowest level. Additionally, each 10 μg/dL of total carotenoids, α-carotene, β-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin was associated with 2%, 22%, 4%, and 10% lower risk of breast cancer, respectively. This relationship was stronger at lower levels of total carotenoids and β-cryptoxanthin. The certainty of evidence was rated from very low to low. Most studies were performed among Western nations, which should be acknowledged for extrapolation of findings. Total circulating carotenoids, α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein seem to be related to a decreased risk of breast cancer. Our findings could have practical importance for public health. This study was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42023434983.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; beta Carotene; Beta-Cryptoxanthin; Breast Neoplasms; Carotenoids; Lutein; Lycopene
PubMed: 38436219
DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.10.007 -
The Journal of Dermatological Treatment Dec 2023Isotretinoin is frequently used for treatment of severe nodulocystic and papulopustular acne, however use is limited by mucocutaneous, ocular, and systemic side... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Isotretinoin is frequently used for treatment of severe nodulocystic and papulopustular acne, however use is limited by mucocutaneous, ocular, and systemic side effects. (1) provide a systematic meta-analysis of ocular side effects during isotretinoin use and their corresponding incidences; (2) provide a narrative summary of ocular side effects during isotretinoin use reported in case reports. A systematic database search using predefined search terms was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus from inception to 5 March, 2021. Predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to select included studies. In total, 53 original studies qualified for meta-analysis, and 41 case reports/series qualified for narrative results. The studies included in the meta-analysis reported incidences of various ocular side effects including dry eye, eye sensitivity, vision changes, and ocular inflammatory conditions. Incidences across studies did vary, leading to considerable heterogeneity. The narrative results summarize more uncommon, but equally important, ocular side effects. Dry eye is the most commonly reported ocular side effect. Other less common, but more serious, ocular side effects including vision changes can occur. We recommend that isotretinoin prescribers monitor for dry eye. Limitations include the heterogeneity of reported incidences of ocular side effects between studies.
Topics: Humans; Acne Vulgaris; Dermatologic Agents; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Dry Eye Syndromes; Eye; Face; Isotretinoin
PubMed: 37248700
DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2023.2213364 -
Nutrients Oct 2023Cataract, defined as the opacification of the lens that prevents clear vision, is a leading cause of vision loss and impairment worldwide. Elderly people comprise the... (Review)
Review
Cataract, defined as the opacification of the lens that prevents clear vision, is a leading cause of vision loss and impairment worldwide. Elderly people comprise the highest proportion of those suffering from this eye disease. According to the National Institute of Health (NIH), the risk of developing aged-related cataract (ARC) increases with every decade of life, starting from the age of 40. Despite progress in surgical treatment methods, life-style modifications may be beneficial in prevention or slowing down the progression of ARC. This systematic review aims to summarize studies on the significance of specific nutritional patterns, dietary products, vitamins, minerals, and carotenoids intake in the onset or progression of ARC. In this context, the presented paper thoroughly analyzes 24 articles, following the PRISMA guidelines. The results indicate significant protective effects of various dietary patterns, including the Korean balanced diet, vegetarian diet, "dairy products and vegetables", "traditional", "antioxidant", and "omega-3" patterns. Additionally, the consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, skimmed yoghurt, fish, coffee, and vitamins has shown positive effects on cataract incidence. Therefore, further research seems to be essential to gain a better understanding of these associations and to create uniform dietary recommendations for both the vulnerable population and ARC patients.
Topics: Aged; Animals; Humans; Vitamins; Diet; Cataract; Antioxidants; Vitamin A; Vegetables; Vitamin K
PubMed: 37960238
DOI: 10.3390/nu15214585