-
Prevalence of antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of : a systematic review and meta-analysis.Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy Jan 2024The prevalence of diseases caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), including , is increasing, necessitating further information to guide prevention, control, and... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The prevalence of diseases caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), including , is increasing, necessitating further information to guide prevention, control, and treatment strategies.
AREAS COVERED
A comprehensive analysis of articles published until February 2023 was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases to investigate antibiotic resistance in species. Stata software version 17 was employed for all analyses.
EXPERT OPINION
A total of 1647 articles were obtained through database search. After removing duplicates and unrelated studies, 17 cross-sectional studies that examined the breakpoints proposed by CLSI were included. The rates of resistance of to various antibiotics were as follows: clarithromycin (0%), rifampin (1%), amikacin (0%), ciprofloxacin (14%), linezolid (0%), moxifloxacin (0%), rifabutin (1%), doxycycline (96%), and SXT (49%). Our findings underscore the importance of managing and monitoring the use of these antibiotics, as well as the need for further studies to elucidate the exact mechanism of resistance to these antibiotics.
PubMed: 38294514
DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2024.2313051 -
Pharmacotherapy Feb 2024Urinary tract infections (UTIs) commonly affect many patient populations. Recurrent UTIs (rUTIs) can be particularly problematic and lead to potential hospitalizations,... (Review)
Review
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) commonly affect many patient populations. Recurrent UTIs (rUTIs) can be particularly problematic and lead to potential hospitalizations, multiple antibiotic courses, and have a potential negative impact on quality of life. To prevent UTIs, antibiotics are frequently used for prophylaxis; however, antibiotic prophylaxis has notable untoward consequences including but not limited to potential adverse effects and development of antibiotic resistance. Methenamine, an antiseptic agent initially available in 1967, has re-emerged as a potential option for UTI prophylaxis in various populations, including older adults and renal transplant recipients. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of methenamine for UTI prophylaxis. A systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidance was performed. A PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library search was conducted to identify relevant English-language studies evaluating methenamine for UTI prophylaxis including randomized controlled trials, case-control studies, and meta-analyses through June 2023. Articles were excluded if the studies did not primarily describe or evaluate methenamine for UTI prophylaxis, were commentaries/viewpoints articles, point prevalence studies, review articles, studies that evaluated methenamine used with another agent, and any duplicate publications from searched databases. A total of 11 articles were identified for inclusion. This systematic review suggests methenamine generally appears to be an effective and well-tolerated antibiotic-sparing option for UTI prophylaxis. Furthermore, the pharmacology, dosage and formulation, warnings, precautions, and safety considerations of methenamine that provide potential clinical considerations regarding its use for UTI prophylaxis are described. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical utility of methenamine for UTI prophylaxis.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Methenamine; Quality of Life; Urinary Tract Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Treatment Outcome; Antibiotic Prophylaxis
PubMed: 37986168
DOI: 10.1002/phar.2895 -
Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical... 2024Relebactam, previously known as MK-7655, is currently being tested in combination with imipenem as a class A and class C β-lactamase inhibitor, including KPC from . (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Relebactam, previously known as MK-7655, is currently being tested in combination with imipenem as a class A and class C β-lactamase inhibitor, including KPC from .
OBJECTIVE
The objective of the current study was to evaluate the activity of imipenem/relebactam against gram-negative bacilli.
METHODS
After applying exclusion and inclusion criteria, 72 articles with full texts that describe the prevalence of imipenem/relebactam resistance were chosen for the meta-analysis and systematic review. Articles published between January 2015 and February 2023 were surveyed. The systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus.
RESULTS
The pooled estimation of 282,621 sample isolates revealed that the prevalence rate of imipenem/relebactam resistance is roughly 14.6% (95% CI, 0.116%-0.182%).
CONCLUSIONS
The findings of this analysis show that imipenem/relebactam resistance is rare in the majority of developed countries. Given that relebactam has proven to restore the activity of imipenem against current clinical isolates, further research into imipenem/relebactam is necessary.
PubMed: 38174096
DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2023.100723 -
Veterinary World Oct 2023Foodborne diseases caused by are prevalent globally. Treatment is challenging due to antibiotic resistance in bacteria, except for foodborne infections due to Shiga...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Foodborne diseases caused by are prevalent globally. Treatment is challenging due to antibiotic resistance in bacteria, except for foodborne infections due to Shiga toxin-producing , for which treatment is symptomatic. Several studies have been conducted in Africa on antibiotic resistance of isolated from several sources. The prevalence and distribution of resistant pathogenic isolated from food, human, and animal sources and environmental samples and their virulence gene profiles were systematically reviewed.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Bibliographic searches were performed using four databases. Research articles published between 2000 and 2022 on antibiotic susceptibility and virulence gene profile of isolated from food and other sources were selected.
RESULTS
In total, 64 articles were selected from 14 African countries: 45% of the studies were conducted on food, 34% on animal samples, 21% on human disease surveillance, and 13% on environmental samples. According to these studies, is resistant to ~50 antimicrobial agents, multidrug-resistant, and can transmit at least 37 types of virulence genes. Polymerase chain reaction was used to characterize and determine virulence genes.
CONCLUSION
A significant variation in epidemiological data was noticed within countries, authors, and sources (settings). These results can be used as an updated database for monitoring resistance in Africa. More studies using state-of-the-art equipment are needed to determine all resistance and virulence genes in pathogenic isolated in Africa.
PubMed: 38023276
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.2016-2028 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Jul 2023Nocardia species can cause local or disseminated infection. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment of nocardiosis are required, because it can cause significant... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Nocardia species can cause local or disseminated infection. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment of nocardiosis are required, because it can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Knowledge of local species distribution and susceptibility patterns is important to appropriate empiric therapy. However, knowledge on the epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of clinical Nocardia species remains limited in China.
METHODS
The data of isolation of Nocardia species were collected from databases such as Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase as well as Chinese databases (CNKI, Wanfang and VIP). Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Random effect models were used and tested with Cochran's Q and I2 statistics taking into account the possibility of heterogeneity between studies.
RESULTS
In total, 791 Nocardia isolates were identified to 19 species levels among all the recruited studies. The most common species were N. farcinica (29.1%, 230/791), followed by N. cyriacigeorgica (25.3%, 200/791), N. brasiliensis (11.8%, 93/791) and N. otitidiscaviarum (7.8%, 62/791). N. farcinica and N. cyriacigeorgica were widely distributed, N. brasiliensis mainly prevalent in the south, N. otitidiscaviarum mainly distributed in the eastern coastal provinces of China. Totally, 70.4% (223/317) Nocardia were cultured from respiratory tract specimens, 16.4% (52/317) from extra-pulmonary specimens, and 13.3% (42/317) from disseminated infection. The proportion of susceptible isolates as follows: linezolid 99.5% (197/198), amikacin 96.0% (190/198), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 92.9% (184/198), imipenem 64.7% (128/198). Susceptibility varied by species of Nocardia.
CONCLUSIONS
N. farcinica and N. cyriacigeorgica are the most frequently isolated species, which are widely distributed in China. Pulmonary nocardiosis is the most common type of infection. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole can still be the preferred agent for initial Nocardia infection therapy due to the low resistance rate, linezolid and amikacin could be an alternative to treat nocardiosis or a choice in a combination regimen.
Topics: Humans; Nocardia; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Linezolid; Amikacin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Nocardia Infections; China
PubMed: 37428800
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011432 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023Bacterial infections have attracted the attention of researchers in recent decades, especially due to the special problems they have faced, such as their increasing... (Review)
Review
Bacterial infections have attracted the attention of researchers in recent decades, especially due to the special problems they have faced, such as their increasing diversity and resistance to antibiotic treatment. The emergence and development of the SARS-CoV-2 infection stimulated even more research to find new structures with antimicrobial and antiviral properties. Among the heterocyclic compounds with remarkable therapeutic properties, benzimidazoles, and triazoles stand out, possessing antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, anti-Alzheimer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidiabetic, or anti-ulcer activities. In addition, the literature of the last decade reports benzimidazole-triazole hybrids with improved biological properties compared to the properties of simple mono-heterocyclic compounds. This review aims to provide an update on the synthesis methods of these hybrids, along with their antimicrobial and antiviral activities, as well as the structure-activity relationship reported in the literature. It was found that the presence of certain groups grafted onto the benzimidazole and/or triazole nuclei (-F, -Cl, -Br, -CF, -NO, -CN, -CHO, -OH, OCH, COOCH), as well as the presence of some heterocycles (pyridine, pyrimidine, thiazole, indole, isoxazole, thiadiazole, coumarin) increases the antimicrobial activity of benzimidazole-triazole hybrids. Also, the presence of the oxygen or sulfur atom in the bridge connecting the benzimidazole and triazole rings generally increases the antimicrobial activity of the hybrids. The literature mentions only benzimidazole-1,2,3-triazole hybrids with antiviral properties. Both for antimicrobial and antiviral hybrids, the presence of an additional triazole ring increases their biological activity, which is in agreement with the three-dimensional binding mode of compounds. This review summarizes the advances of benzimidazole triazole derivatives as potential antimicrobial and antiviral agents covering articles published from 2000 to 2023.
PubMed: 37508316
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071220 -
Chemosphere Jun 2024Antibiotic resistance (AR) is considered one of the greatest global threats in the current century, which can only be overcome if all interconnected areas of humans,...
Antibiotic resistance (AR) is considered one of the greatest global threats in the current century, which can only be overcome if all interconnected areas of humans, animals and the environment are taken into account as part of the One Health concept proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Water and wastewater are among the most important environmental media of AR sources, where the phenomena are generally non-linear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the application of machine learning-based methods (MLMs) to solve AR-induced problems in water and wastewater. For this purpose, most relevant databases were searched in the period between 1987 and 2023 to systematically analyze and categorize the applications. Accordingly, the results showed that out of 12 applications, 11 (91.6%) were for shallow learning and 1 (8.3%) for deep learning. In shallow learning category, n = 6, 50% of the applications were regression and n = 4, 33.3% were classification, mainly using artificial neural networks, decision trees and Bayesian methods for the following objectives: Predicting the survival of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), determining the order of influencing parameters on AR-based scores, and identifying the major sources of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In addition, only one study (8.3%) was found for clustering and no study for association. Surprisingly, deep learning had been used in only one study (8.3%) to predict ARGs sequences. Therefore, working on the knowledge gaps of AR, especially using clustering, association and deep learning methods, would be a promising option to analyze more aspects of the related problems. However, there is still a long way to go to consider and apply MLMs as unique approaches to study different aspects of AR in water and wastewater.
Topics: Wastewater; Machine Learning; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bayes Theorem; Neural Networks, Computer; Drug Resistance, Bacterial
PubMed: 38704045
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142223 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Mar 2024To prioritize healthcare investments, ranking of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria should be based on accurate incidence data. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Frequency of bloodstream infections caused by six key antibiotic-resistant pathogens for prioritization of research and discovery of new therapies in Europe: a systematic review.
BACKGROUND
To prioritize healthcare investments, ranking of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria should be based on accurate incidence data.
OBJECTIVES
We performed a systematic review to estimate frequency measures of antimicrobial resistance for six key bacteria causing bloodstream infections (BSI) in European countries.
DATA SOURCES
We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase databases, and the ECRAID-Base Epidemiological-Network platform.
STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
We included studies and surveillance systems assessing resistance-percentage, prevalence, or incidence-density of BSI because of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli, third-generation cephalosporins-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
METHODS
Reviewers independently assessed published data and evaluated study quality with the modified Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool. Pooled estimates were determined using random effects meta-analysis. Consistency of data was assessed using random effects meta-regression (Wald test, p > 0.05).
RESULTS
We identified 271 studies and 52 surveillance systems from 32 European countries. Forty-five studies (16%) reported on BSI, including 180 frequency measures most commonly as resistance-percentage (88, 48.9%). Among 309 frequency measures extracted from 24 (46%) surveillance systems, 278 (89%) were resistance-percentages. Frequency measures of methicillin-resistant S. aureus and vancomycin-resistant E. faecium BSI were more frequently reported from Southern Europe and Western Europe (80%), whereas carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa BSI from Northern Europe and Western Europe (88%). Highest resistance-percentages were detected for carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (66% in Central Eastern Europe) and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (62.8% in Southern Europe). Pooled estimates showed lower resistance-percentages in community versus healthcare-associated infections and in children versus adults. Estimates from studies and surveillance systems were mostly consistent among European regions. The included data was of medium quality.
DISCUSSION
Pathogen-specific frequency measures of antimicrobial resistance in BSI are insufficient to inform antibiotic stewardship and research and development strategies. Improving data collection and standardization of frequency measures is urgently needed.
Topics: Child; Adult; Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Vancomycin; Escherichia coli; Bacteremia; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Bacteria; Carbapenems; Sepsis; Europe; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 38007387
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.10.019 -
Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection... Jun 2024Antibiotic self-medication is a global public health concern contributing to antibiotic resistance. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the prevalence... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Antibiotic self-medication is a global public health concern contributing to antibiotic resistance. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the prevalence of antibiotic self-medication and its associated factors in Ethiopia.
METHODS
A comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted from MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of Science to identify relevant studies published between 2000 and 2024. Adult households, undergraduate university students and health care professionals who had taken antibiotics without a prescription in the household setting were included in this review. The primary outcome of this review is antibiotic self- medication. The random-effects model was used to estimate pooled prevalence rates. The outcome measure was analyzed with STATA version 17 software.
RESULTS
A total of nine studies were included in the Meta-analysis, comprising a sample size of 5908 participants. The pooled prevalence of antibiotic self-medication among Ethiopians was found to be 46.14 with 95% Confidence Interval [35.71, 56.57]. The most frequently used classes of self-medicated antibiotics were penicillins, followed by tetracyclines. Community pharmacies were the source of information that individuals utilized. The most common reported reasons for antibiotic self-medication include previous experience of treating a similar illness, to save cost, lack of time and avoiding waiting time for medical services. Participants having less than high school educational level was the most commonly reported factor associated with self-medication antibiotics.
CONCLUSION
Antibiotic self-medication is a prevalent practice in Ethiopia. This underscores the need for targeted interventions such as educating people about the risks associated with using antibiotics without medical guidance, which results in a reduction in antibiotic resistance.
Topics: Ethiopia; Self Medication; Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Prevalence; Adult
PubMed: 38853267
DOI: 10.1186/s13756-024-01417-1 -
Viruses Feb 2024There are an increasing number of articles focused on the prevalence and clinical impact of pretreatment HIV drug resistance (PDR) detected by Sanger sequencing (SGS).... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
There are an increasing number of articles focused on the prevalence and clinical impact of pretreatment HIV drug resistance (PDR) detected by Sanger sequencing (SGS). PDR may contribute to the increased likelihood of virologic failure and the emergence of new resistance mutations. As SGS is gradually replaced by next-generation sequencing (NGS), it is necessary to assess the levels of PDR using NGS in ART-naïve patients systematically. NGS can detect the viral variants (low-abundance drug-resistant HIV-1 variants (LA-DRVs)) of virus quasi-species at levels below 20% that SGS may fail to detect. NGS has the potential to optimize current HIV drug resistance surveillance methods and inform future research directions. As the NGS technique has high sensitivity, it is highly likely that the level of pretreatment resistance would be underestimated using conventional techniques.
METHODS
For the systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched for original studies published in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase before 30 March 2023 that focused exclusively on the application of NGS in the detection of HIV drug resistance. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated using a random effects model using the 'meta' package in R (version 4.2.3). We described drug resistance detected at five thresholds (>1%, 2%, 5%, 10%, and 20% of virus quasi-species). Chi-squared tests were used to analyze differences between the overall prevalence of PDR reported by SGS and NGS.
RESULTS
A total of 39 eligible studies were selected. The studies included a total of 15,242 ART-naïve individuals living with HIV. The prevalence of PDR was inversely correlated with the mutation detection threshold. The overall prevalence of PDR was 29.74% at the 1% threshold, 22.43% at the 2% threshold, 15.47% at the 5% threshold, 12.95% at the 10% threshold, and 11.08% at the 20% threshold. The prevalence of PDR to INSTIs was 1.22% (95%CI: 0.58-2.57), which is the lowest among the values for all antiretroviral drugs. The prevalence of LA-DRVs was 9.45%. At the 2% and 20% detection threshold, the prevalence of PDR was 22.43% and 11.08%, respectively. Resistance to PIs and INSTIs increased 5.52-fold and 7.08-fold, respectively, in those with a PDR threshold of 2% compared with those with PDR at 20%. However, resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs increased 2.50-fold and 2.37-fold, respectively. There was a significant difference between the 2% and 5% threshold for detecting HIV drug resistance. There was no statistically significant difference between the results reported by SGS and NGS when using the 20% threshold for reporting resistance mutations.
CONCLUSION
In this study, we found that next-generation sequencing facilitates a more sensitive detection of HIV-1 drug resistance than SGS. The high prevalence of PDR emphasizes the importance of baseline resistance and assessing the threshold for optimal clinical detection using NGS.
Topics: Humans; HIV-1; Anti-HIV Agents; HIV Infections; Genotype; Drug Resistance, Viral; HIV Seropositivity; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Prevalence; Mutation
PubMed: 38400015
DOI: 10.3390/v16020239