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Experimental Biology and Medicine... Oct 2023Dengue fever disease (DFD) which is caused by four antigenically distinct dengue viruses (DENV) presents a global health threat, with tropical and subtropical regions at...
Dengue fever disease (DFD) which is caused by four antigenically distinct dengue viruses (DENV) presents a global health threat, with tropical and subtropical regions at a greater risk. The paucity of epidemiological data on dengue in West African subregion endangers efforts geared toward disease control and prevention. A systematic search of DFD prevalence, incidence, and DENV-infected in West Africa was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, African Index Medicus, and Google Scholar in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 58 human prevalence studies involving 35,748 people from 8 countries were identified. Two incidence and six DENV-infected studies were also reviewed. Nigeria and Burkina Faso contributed the majority of the prevalence studies which spanned between 1968 and 2018, with a considerable variation in coverage among the countries reviewed in this study. An average prevalence of 20.97% was observed across both general prevalence and acute DENV infection study categories, ranging between 0.02% and 93%. The majority of these studies were conducted in acute febrile patients with a prevalence range of 0.02-93% while 19% ( = 11) of all studies were general population-based studies and reported a prevalence range of 17.2-75.8%. DENV-infected were reported in four out of the five countries with published reports; with DENV-2 found circulating in Cape Verde, Senegal, and Burkina Faso while DENV-3 and DENV-4 were also reported in Senegal and Cape Verde, respectively. High prevalence of DFD in human populations and the occurrence of DENV-infected have been reported in West Africa, even though weaknesses in study design were identified. Epidemiological data from most countries and population in the subregion were scarce or non-existent. This study highlights the epidemic risk of DFD in West Africa, and the need for research and surveillance to be prioritized to fill the data gap required to enact effective control measures.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Aedes; Burkina Faso; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dengue; Dengue Virus
PubMed: 37452719
DOI: 10.1177/15353702231181356 -
Reviews in Medical Virology Jul 2024Liver involvement is an unusual yet frequently overlooked dengue complication. Pivotal for an efficient clinical management, the early diagnosis of dengue-associated...
Liver involvement is an unusual yet frequently overlooked dengue complication. Pivotal for an efficient clinical management, the early diagnosis of dengue-associated liver involvement relies on an accurate description of its clinical and biological characteristics, its prognosis factors, its association with severe dengue and its clinical management. We conducted a systematic review by searching PubMed and Web of Science databases for original case reports, cohort and cross-sectional studies reporting the clinical and/or biological features of dengue-associated liver involvement. The study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021262657). Of the 2552 articles identified, 167 were included. Dengue-associated liver involvement was characterised by clinical features including abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, jaundice, nausea/vomiting, and an echogenic liver exhibiting hepatocellular necrosis and minimal inflammation. Elevated Aspartate Aminotransferase and Alanine Aminotransferase but also elevated bilirubin, Alkaline Phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, increased International Normalised Ratio, creatinine and creatine kinase, lower albumin and prolonged prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin time were prevalent in dengue-associated liver involvement. Cardiovascular and haematological systems were frequently affected, translating in a strong association with severe dengue. Liver involvement was more common in males and older adults. It was associated with dengue virus serotype-2 and secondary infections. Early paracetamol intake increased the risk of liver involvement, which clinical management was mostly conservative. In conclusion, this systematic review demonstrates that early monitoring of transaminases, clinical assessment, and ultrasound examination allow an efficient diagnosis of dengue-associated liver involvement, enabling the early identification and management of severe dengue.
Topics: Humans; Dengue; Dengue Virus; Liver; Liver Diseases
PubMed: 38923215
DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2564 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Apr 2024Dengue is a global health problem of high significance, with 3.9 billion people at risk of infection. The geographic expansion of dengue virus (DENV) infection has... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Dengue is a global health problem of high significance, with 3.9 billion people at risk of infection. The geographic expansion of dengue virus (DENV) infection has resulted in increased frequency and severity of the disease, and the number of deaths has increased in recent years. Wolbachia,an intracellular bacterial endosymbiont, has been under investigation for several years as a novel dengue-control strategy. Some dengue vectors (Aedes mosquitoes) can be transinfected with specific strains of Wolbachia, which decreases their fitness (ability to survive and mate) and their ability to reproduce, inhibiting the replication of dengue. Both laboratory and field studies have demonstrated the potential effect of Wolbachia deployments on reducing dengue transmission, and modelling studies have suggested that this may be a self-sustaining strategy for dengue prevention, although long-term effects are yet to be elucidated.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the efficacy of Wolbachia-carrying Aedes speciesdeployments (specifically wMel-, wMelPop-, and wAlbB- strains of Wolbachia) for preventing dengue virus infection.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, four other databases, and two trial registries up to 24 January 2024.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), including cluster-randomized controlled trials (cRCTs), conducted in dengue endemic or epidemic-prone settings were eligible. We sought studies that investigated the impact of Wolbachia-carrying Aedes deployments on epidemiological or entomological dengue-related outcomes, utilizing either the population replacement or population suppression strategy.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently selected eligible studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. We used odds ratios (OR) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) as the effect measure for dichotomous outcomes. For count/rate outcomes, we planned to use the rate ratio with 95% CI as the effect measure. We used adjusted measures of effect for cRCTs. We assessed the certainty of evidence using GRADE.
MAIN RESULTS
One completed cRCT met our inclusion criteria, and we identified two further ongoing cRCTs. The included trial was conducted in an urban setting in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It utilized a nested test-negative study design, whereby all participants aged three to 45 years who presented at healthcare centres with a fever were enrolled in the study provided they had resided in the study area for the previous 10 nights. The trial showed that wMel-Wolbachia infected Ae aegypti deployments probably reduce the odds of contracting virologically confirmed dengue by 77% (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.35; 1 trial, 6306 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). The cluster-level prevalence of wMel Wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes remained high over two years in the intervention arm of the trial, reported as 95.8% (interquartile range 91.5 to 97.8) across 27 months in clusters receiving wMel-Wolbachia Ae aegypti deployments, but there were no reliable comparative data for this outcome. Other primary outcomes were the incidence of virologically confirmed dengue, the prevalence of dengue ribonucleic acid in the mosquito population, and mosquito density, but there were no data for these outcomes. Additionally, there were no data on adverse events.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
The included trial demonstrates the potential significant impact of wMel-Wolbachia-carrying Ae aegypti mosquitoes on preventing dengue infection in an endemic setting, and supports evidence reported in non-randomized and uncontrolled studies. Further trials across a greater diversity of settings are required to confirm whether these findings apply to other locations and country settings, and greater reporting of acceptability and cost are important.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Aedes; Wolbachia; Dengue Virus; Mosquito Vectors; Dengue
PubMed: 38597256
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD015636.pub2 -
Reviews in Medical Virology Jan 2024This review assesses the antiviral potential of melatonin through comprehensive analysis of studies across human subjects, animal models, cell cultures, and in-silico... (Review)
Review
This review assesses the antiviral potential of melatonin through comprehensive analysis of studies across human subjects, animal models, cell cultures, and in-silico simulations. The search strategy targeted relevant research until 22 June 2023, resulting in 20 primary studies after screening and deduplication. The findings highlight strong evidence supporting antiviral properties of melatonin. In silico studies identify melatonin as a candidate against SARS-CoV-2, reducing cytokine storm-related respiratory responses. Cell culture experiments reveal its multifaceted effects on different viruses including respiratory syncytial virus, anti-dengue virus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus, and encephalomyocarditis virus. Animal studies show melatonin reduces mortality and viral replication in various infections such as Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis and COVID-19. Clinical trials show how it could be evaluated, but with no conclusive evidence of efficacy and safety so far from large, double-blind placebo-controlled trials. These insights showcase the potential of melatonin as a versatile antiviral agent with immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties. In summary, our review highlights melatonin's promising antiviral properties across diverse settings. Melatonin's immunomodulatory and antiviral potential makes it a compelling candidate for further investigation, emphasising the need for rigorous clinical trials to establish its safety and efficacy against viral infections.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Antiviral Agents; COVID-19; Melatonin; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; SARS-CoV-2; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 38126924
DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2499 -
Malaria Journal Oct 2023Malaria and dengue fever are the leading causes of acute, undifferentiated febrile illness. In Africa, misdiagnosis of dengue fever as malaria is a common scenario.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Malaria and dengue fever are the leading causes of acute, undifferentiated febrile illness. In Africa, misdiagnosis of dengue fever as malaria is a common scenario. Through a systematic review of the published literature, this study seeks to estimate the prevalence of dengue and malaria coinfection among acute undifferentiated febrile diseases in Africa.
METHODS
Relevant publications were systematically searched in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar until May 19, 2023. A random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression were used to summarize and examine the prevalence estimates.
RESULTS
Twenty-two studies with 22,803 acute undifferentiated febrile patients from 10 countries in Africa were included. The meta-analysis findings revealed a pooled prevalence of malaria and dengue coinfection of 4.2%, with Central Africa having the highest rate (4.7%), followed by East Africa (2.7%) and West Africa (1.6%). Continent-wide, Plasmodium falciparum and acute dengue virus coinfection prevalence increased significantly from 0.9% during 2008-2013 to 3.8% during 2014-2017 and to 5.5% during 2018-2021 (p = 0.0414).
CONCLUSION
There was a high and increasing prevalence of malaria and acute dengue virus coinfection in Africa. Healthcare workers should bear in mind the possibility of dengue infection as a differential diagnosis for acute febrile illness, as well as the possibility of coexisting malaria and dengue in endemic areas. In addition, high-quality multicentre studies are required to verify the above conclusions. Protocol registration number: CRD42022311301.
Topics: Humans; Dengue Virus; Coinfection; Dengue; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prevalence; Malaria; Africa; Fever
PubMed: 37803381
DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04723-y -
Microorganisms Dec 2023Arboviruses represent a real public health problem globally and in the Central African subregion in particular, which represents a high-risk zone for the emergence and... (Review)
Review
Arboviruses represent a real public health problem globally and in the Central African subregion in particular, which represents a high-risk zone for the emergence and re-emergence of arbovirus outbreaks. Furthermore, an updated review on the current arbovirus burden and associated mosquito vectors is lacking for this region. To contribute to filling this knowledge gap, the current study was designed with the following objectives: (i) to systematically review data on the occurrence and distribution of arboviruses and mosquito fauna; and (ii) to identify potential spillover mosquito species in the Central African region in the last 30 years. A web search enabled the documentation of 2454 articles from different online databases. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) and the quality of reporting of meta-analyses (QUORUM) steps for a systematic review enabled the selection of 164 articles that fulfilled our selection criteria. Of the six arboviruses (dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), yellow fever virus (YFV), Zika virus (ZIKV), Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), and West Nile virus (WNV)) of public health concern studied, the most frequently reported were chikungunya and dengue. The entomological records showed >248 species of mosquitoes regrouped under 15 genera, with ( = 100 species), ( = 56 species), and ( = 52 species) having high species diversity. Three genera were rarely represented, with only one species included, namely, , , and , but individuals of the genera and were not identified at the species level. We found that two species ( and ) colonised the same microhabitat and were involved in major epidemics of the six medically important arboviruses, and other less-frequently identified mosquito genera consisted of competent species and were associated with outbreaks of medical and zoonotic arboviruses. The present study reveals a high species richness of competent mosquito vectors that could lead to the spillover of medically important arboviruses in the region. Although epidemiological studies were found, they were not regularly documented, and this also applies to vector competence and transmission studies. Future studies will consider unpublished information in dissertations and technical reports from different countries to allow their information to be more consistent. A regional project, entitled "Ecology of Arboviruses" (EcoVir), is underway in three countries (Gabon, Benin, and Cote d'Ivoire) to generate a more comprehensive epidemiological and entomological data on this topic.
PubMed: 38276174
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010004 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Oct 2023Aedes (Stegomyia)-borne diseases are an expanding global threat, but gaps in surveillance make comprehensive and comparable risk assessments challenging. Geostatistical...
BACKGROUND
Aedes (Stegomyia)-borne diseases are an expanding global threat, but gaps in surveillance make comprehensive and comparable risk assessments challenging. Geostatistical models combine data from multiple locations and use links with environmental and socioeconomic factors to make predictive risk maps. Here we systematically review past approaches to map risk for different Aedes-borne arboviruses from local to global scales, identifying differences and similarities in the data types, covariates, and modelling approaches used.
METHODS
We searched on-line databases for predictive risk mapping studies for dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever with no geographical or date restrictions. We included studies that needed to parameterise or fit their model to real-world epidemiological data and make predictions to new spatial locations of some measure of population-level risk of viral transmission (e.g. incidence, occurrence, suitability, etc.).
RESULTS
We found a growing number of arbovirus risk mapping studies across all endemic regions and arboviral diseases, with a total of 176 papers published 2002-2022 with the largest increases shortly following major epidemics. Three dominant use cases emerged: (i) global maps to identify limits of transmission, estimate burden and assess impacts of future global change, (ii) regional models used to predict the spread of major epidemics between countries and (iii) national and sub-national models that use local datasets to better understand transmission dynamics to improve outbreak detection and response. Temperature and rainfall were the most popular choice of covariates (included in 50% and 40% of studies respectively) but variables such as human mobility are increasingly being included. Surprisingly, few studies (22%, 31/144) robustly tested combinations of covariates from different domains (e.g. climatic, sociodemographic, ecological, etc.) and only 49% of studies assessed predictive performance via out-of-sample validation procedures.
CONCLUSIONS
Here we show that approaches to map risk for different arboviruses have diversified in response to changing use cases, epidemiology and data availability. We identify key differences in mapping approaches between different arboviral diseases, discuss future research needs and outline specific recommendations for future arbovirus mapping.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Arboviruses; Aedes; Arbovirus Infections; Yellow Fever; Zika Virus Infection; Chikungunya Fever; Zika Virus; Mosquito Vectors; Dengue
PubMed: 37864153
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08717-8 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Temperature is a well-known effector of several transmission factors of mosquito-borne viruses, including within mosquito dynamics. These dynamics are often...
Temperature is a well-known effector of several transmission factors of mosquito-borne viruses, including within mosquito dynamics. These dynamics are often characterized by vector competence and the extrinsic incubation period (EIP). Vector competence is the intrinsic ability of a mosquito population to become infected with and transmit a virus, while EIP is the time it takes for the virus to reach the salivary glands and be expectorated following an infectious bloodmeal. Temperatures outside the optimal range act on life traits, decreasing transmission potential, while increasing temperature within the optimal range correlates to increasing vector competence and a decreased EIP. These relatively well-studied effects of other borne viruses (dengue and Zika) are used to make predictions about transmission efficiency, including the challenges presented by urban heat islands and climate change. However, the knowledge of temperature and chikungunya (CHIKV) dynamics within its two primary vectors- and -remains less characterized, even though CHIKV remains a virus of public-health importance. Here, we review the literature and summarize the state of the literature on CHIKV and temperature dependence of vector competence and EIP and use these data to demonstrate how the remaining knowledge gap might confound the ability to adequately predict and, thus, prepare for future outbreaks.
PubMed: 38003832
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111368 -
Transactions of the Royal Society of... Jan 2024Numerous studies have shown a correlation between dengue virus (DENV) infection and kidney disease. However, there is no existing meta-analysis on the prevalence of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Numerous studies have shown a correlation between dengue virus (DENV) infection and kidney disease. However, there is no existing meta-analysis on the prevalence of kidney diseases in the dengue population. A thorough systematic review and meta-analysis were undertaken to determine the prevalence of renal problems in people with DENV infection in order to fill this knowledge gap. A rigorous electronic literature search was carried out up to 25 January 2023 in a number of databases, including ProQuest, EBSCOhost, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science. The search aimed to find articles that reported on the prevalence of kidney diseases in patients with DENV infection. Using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, the quality of the included studies was assessed. The meta-analysis included a total of 37 studies with 21 764 participants reporting on the prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in individuals with DENV infection. The pooled prevalence of AKI in dengue patients was found to be 8% (95% confidence interval 6 to 11), with high heterogeneity across studies. The studies included are of moderate quality. The study revealed a high AKI prevalence in dengue patients, underlining the need for regular renal examination to detect AKI early and reduce hospitalization risk. Further research is needed to understand the dengue-kidney relationship and develop effective management strategies.
Topics: Humans; Prevalence; Acute Kidney Injury; Hospitalization; Dengue
PubMed: 37702193
DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trad067 -
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious... Jun 2024The objective of this systematic review is to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of rapid dengue diagnostic tests. The search was conducted in the following databases:... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The objective of this systematic review is to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of rapid dengue diagnostic tests. The search was conducted in the following databases: LILACS, Medline (Pubmed), CRD, The Cochrane Library, Trip Medical Database and Google Scholar. ELISA and PCR assays were adopted as reference methods. Thirty-four articles were included in this systematic review. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Forest Plot were performed to evaluate sensitivity and specificity for each parameter analyzed (NS1, IgM and IgG). The results revealed that the combined analysis of the IgM antibody with the NS1 antigen resulted in greater sensitivity than the isolated analysis of IgM. The three analytes together showed the best performance, with a combined sensitivity of 90 % (95 % CI: 89-92 %) using ELISA as a comparator. Thus, the present review provides relevant knowledge for decision-making between the available rapid diagnostic tests.
Topics: Humans; Antibodies, Viral; Chromatography, Affinity; Dengue; Dengue Virus; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; ROC Curve; Sensitivity and Specificity; Viral Nonstructural Proteins
PubMed: 38503028
DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116227