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Archives of Dermatological Research Dec 2023There is increasing demand for natural and sustainable products for the treatment of dermatologic conditions. This systematic review aims to critically analyze published... (Review)
Review
There is increasing demand for natural and sustainable products for the treatment of dermatologic conditions. This systematic review aims to critically analyze published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and provide evidence-based recommendations on the therapeutic use of curcumin for a variety of dermatological diseases. A systematic search of published literature was performed on July 18, 2023 using PRISMA guidelines for turmeric or curcumin for the treatment of skin diseases. Clinical recommendations were made based on the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine guidelines. We identified 18 original randomized controlled trials for use of turmeric or curcumin for psoriasis, radiation dermatitis, oral lichen planus, pruritis, vitiligo, tinea capitis, facial erythema, and scarring. Psoriasis, cesarean section scar, and pruritus received grade of recommendation B. Radiation dermatitis, oral lichen planus, vitiligo, tinea capitis, and facial redness received grade of recommendation C or D. Curcumin was demonstrated to have an excellent safety profile in all clinical trials analyzed. Further research is required to determine optimal dosing and treatment parameters of turmeric. Additional, larger, RCTs and non-RCTs should be conducted to further investigate the safety and efficacy of curcumin as a treatment option for dermatological diseases.
Topics: Humans; Curcumin; Lichen Planus, Oral; Vitiligo; Psoriasis; Tinea Capitis; Dermatitis
PubMed: 38085369
DOI: 10.1007/s00403-023-02754-8 -
Mycopathologia Aug 2023Endemic systemic mycoses such as blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, talaromycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis are emerging as an important cause of morbidity... (Review)
Review
Endemic systemic mycoses such as blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, talaromycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis are emerging as an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. We conducted a systematic review on endemic systemic mycoses reported in Italy from 1914 to nowadays. We found out: 105 cases of histoplasmosis, 15 of paracoccidioidomycosis, 10 of coccidioidomycosis, 10 of blastomycosis and 3 of talaromycosis. Most cases have been reported in returning travelers and expatriates or immigrants. Thirtytwo patients did not have a story of traveling to an endemic area. Fortysix subjects had HIV/AIDS. Immunosuppression was the major risk factor for getting these infections and for severe outcomes. We provided an overview on microbiological characteristics and clinical management principles of systemic endemic mycoses with a focus on the cases reported in Italy.
Topics: Humans; Histoplasmosis; Coccidioidomycosis; Blastomycosis; Paracoccidioidomycosis; Mycoses
PubMed: 37294504
DOI: 10.1007/s11046-023-00735-z -
Medical Mycology Jul 2023The (1→3)-β-D-glucan (BDG) is a component of the fungal cell wall that can be detected in serum and used as an adjunctive tool for the diagnosis of invasive mold... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The (1→3)-β-D-glucan (BDG) is a component of the fungal cell wall that can be detected in serum and used as an adjunctive tool for the diagnosis of invasive mold infections (IMI) in patients with hematologic cancer or other immunosuppressive conditions. However, its use is limited by modest sensitivity/specificity, inability to differentiate between fungal pathogens, and lack of detection of mucormycosis. Data about BDG performance for other relevant IMI, such as invasive fusariosis (IF) and invasive scedosporiosis/lomentosporiosis (IS) are scarce. The objective of this study was to assess the sensitivity of BDG for the diagnosis of IF and IS through systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Immunosuppressed patients diagnosed with proven or probable IF and IS, with interpretable BDG data were eligible. A total of 73 IF and 27 IS cases were included. The sensitivity of BDG for IF and IS diagnosis was 76.7% and 81.5%, respectively. In comparison, the sensitivity of serum galactomannan for IF was 27%. Importantly, BDG positivity preceded the diagnosis by conventional methods (culture or histopathology) in 73% and 94% of IF and IS cases, respectively. Specificity was not assessed because of lacking data. In conclusion, BDG testing may be useful in patients with suspected IF or IS. Combining BDG and galactomannan testing may also help differentiating between the different types of IMI.
Topics: Animals; Fusariosis; beta-Glucans; Invasive Fungal Infections; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 37381179
DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myad061 -
Mycoses Oct 2023Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by a dimorphic fungus belonging to the genus Sporothrix. This fungal infection can affect both humans and domestic... (Review)
Review
Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by a dimorphic fungus belonging to the genus Sporothrix. This fungal infection can affect both humans and domestic animals, and in recent years, an increase in the geographic spread and prevalence of sporotrichosis has been observed globally. This systematic review aimed to examine the clinical-epidemiological and therapeutic aspects related to sporotrichosis co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). An extensive electronic search was conducted on databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Lilacs, Medline, Embase, Scopus and SciELO was performed to identify clinical cases of people living with HIV (PLWH) with sporotrichosis published until May 2023. As a result, we found that most co-infected patients were male, representing 71.76% (94/131) of cases. The most prevalent age group was 41-50 years, with a mean age of 36.98 years. The countries with the highest number of cases were Brazil (75.57%, 99/131) and the United States (16.03%, 21/131). The most frequent clinical presentation was systemic dissemination, accounting for 69.47% (91/131) of the cases, followed by cutaneous dissemination with 13% (17/131). The mean CD4 cell count was 154.07 cells/μL, and most patients used amphotericin B with at least one azole, which represented 47.33% (62/131) of cases, followed by azole monotherapy in 17.56% (23/131) of cases. As for the outcome, 51.15% (67/131) of the patients remained alive, and 37.4% (49/131) died. Therefore, it was concluded that sporotrichosis in PLWH is a disease with a high prevalence in Brazil and may be associated with systemic clinical manifestations requiring longer periods of systemic antifungal therapy.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Male; Adult; Middle Aged; Female; Sporotrichosis; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; HIV; Coinfection; Antifungal Agents; Sporothrix; Azoles; Brazil
PubMed: 37376902
DOI: 10.1111/myc.13627 -
Mycoses Feb 2024The clinical features of central nervous system (CNS) sporotrichosis are derived from case reports and a limited series of cases. Our objective was to carry out a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The clinical features of central nervous system (CNS) sporotrichosis are derived from case reports and a limited series of cases. Our objective was to carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis of CNS sporotrichosis.
METHODS
We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and LILACS on 9 September 2023. Our inclusion criteria were documentation of Sporothrix and demonstrated CNS involvement. A metaproportion or metamean analysis was performed to estimate a summary proportion with 95% confidence intervals.
RESULTS
We included 52 cases of CNS sporotrichosis published from 1966 to 2023. Forty-six patients were male (88%, 95% CI: 77-95), and the mean age was 39 years (95% CI: 36-43). Close contact with cats was reported in 55% of cases (95% CI: 37-72). Thirty-two (61.5%) patients were from Brazil, 18 patients from the United State of America (34.6%). Only two Sporothrix species were reported: S. schenckii (26/41, 63%), and S. brasiliensis (15/41, 37%). The most common neurological symptom was headache. Meningitis was chronic in approximately 80% of cases. A significant majority of the patients were immunocompromised. HIV infection was the primary cause of immunosuppression (85%, 95% CI: 61-95). Overall mortality was 56% (22/39). The comparison of Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed a higher mortality with a statistically significant difference in immunosuppressed patients (p = .019).
CONCLUSION
CNS sporotrichosis represents a notable cause of chronic meningitis, especially in individuals living in the Americas with HIV infection and concurrent skin lesions.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Male; Cats; Adult; Female; Sporotrichosis; HIV Infections; Sporothrix; Brazil; Central Nervous System; Meningitis
PubMed: 38374494
DOI: 10.1111/myc.13697 -
Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi =... Dec 2023Tinea capitis is a superficial fungal infection of the scalp and hair caused by Dermatophytes. It represents the most prevalent superficial fungal infection among...
Tinea capitis is a superficial fungal infection of the scalp and hair caused by Dermatophytes. It represents the most prevalent superficial fungal infection among preadolescent children worldwide, including in developing countries such as China. The highly contagious nature of tinea capitis can result in outbreaks within communal settings for children. Furthermore, pustular lesions associated with this condition can lead to permanent scarring and hair loss, imposing a significant psychological burden on affected children and their parents. This article aims to provide a comprehensive literature review encompassing the susceptible person, epidemiological characteristics, trends, etiology, modes of transmission, clinical manifestations, treatment, and prevention strategies of tinea capitis. The ultimate objective is to raise awareness, implement effective prevention and control measures, interrupt the transmission cycle, and ultimately reduce the incidence of tinea capitis in the pediatric population.
Topics: Child; Humans; Antifungal Agents; China; Incidence; Tinea Capitis
PubMed: 38129158
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20230613-00373 -
Drug Discovery Today Jan 2024Recalcitrant nail plate infections can be life-long problems because localizing antifungal agents into infected tissues is problematic. In this systematic review, guided... (Review)
Review
Recalcitrant nail plate infections can be life-long problems because localizing antifungal agents into infected tissues is problematic. In this systematic review, guided by the SPIDER method, we extracted chemical nail permeation data for 38 compounds from 16 articles, and analyzed the data using quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPRs). Our analysis demonstrated that low-molecular weight was essential for effective nail penetration, with <120 g/mol being preferred. Interestingly, chemical polarity had little effect on nail penetration; therefore, small polar molecules, which effectively penetrate the nail, but not the skin, should be set as the most desirable target chemical property in new post-screen onychomycosis candidate selections.
Topics: Humans; Administration, Topical; Antifungal Agents; Nails; Onychomycosis; Skin; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 38000719
DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103844 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by fungi of the genus sp. Phenotypic and genotypic differences have been associated with their geographic distribution,... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by fungi of the genus sp. Phenotypic and genotypic differences have been associated with their geographic distribution, virulence, or clinical manifestation of sporotrichosis. In the past decade, the interest in identifying species of the sp. has been increasing, due to its epidemiological importance and, in consequence, is important to know how to preserve them for future studies, in culture collection.
AIMS
The purposes of this study were to analyze the global distribution of environmental isolates and/or causal agents of sporotrichosis identified by polyphasic taxonomy, with mandatory use of molecular identification, and to evaluate the percentages and distribution of isolates stored in culture collections.
METHODS
A systematic review of articles on animal and human sporotrichosis and/or environmental isolation of the fungus, from 2007 to 2023, was done. Results: Our results demonstrated that, , , and were the most identified species. With respect to the deposit and maintenance of species, we observed that only 17% of the strains of sp. isolated in the world are preserved in a culture collection.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review confirmed a difficulty in obtaining the frequency of species stored in culture collection and insufficient data on the molecular identification mainly of animal sporotrichosis and isolation of sp. in environmental samples.
Topics: Sporothrix; Sporotrichosis; Animals; Humans; Environmental Microbiology; Preservation, Biological
PubMed: 38828263
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1382508 -
Medical Mycology Jun 2024Recognizing the growing global burden of fungal infections, the World Health Organization established a process to develop a priority list of fungal pathogens (FPPL). In...
Recognizing the growing global burden of fungal infections, the World Health Organization established a process to develop a priority list of fungal pathogens (FPPL). In this systematic review, we aimed to evaluate the epidemiology and impact of infections caused by Fusarium spp., Scedosporium spp., and Lomentospora prolificans to inform the first FPPL. PubMed and Web of Sciences databases were searched to identify studies published between January 1, 2011 and February 23, 2021, reporting on mortality, complications and sequelae, antifungal susceptibility, preventability, annual incidence, and trends. Overall, 20, 11, and 9 articles were included for Fusarium spp., Scedosporium spp., and L. prolificans, respectively. Mortality rates were high in those with invasive fusariosis, scedosporiosis, and lomentosporiosis (42.9%-66.7%, 42.4%-46.9%, and 50.0%-71.4%, respectively). Antifungal susceptibility data, based on small isolate numbers, showed high minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC)/minimum effective concentrations for most currently available antifungal agents. The median/mode MIC for itraconazole and isavuconazole were ≥16 mg/l for all three pathogens. Based on limited data, these fungi are emerging. Invasive fusariosis increased from 0.08 cases/100 000 admissions to 0.22 cases/100 000 admissions over the time periods of 2000-2009 and 2010-2015, respectively, and in lung transplant recipients, Scedosporium spp. and L. prolificans were only detected from 2014 onwards. Global surveillance to better delineate antifungal susceptibility, risk factors, sequelae, and outcomes is required.
Topics: Humans; Antifungal Agents; Fusarium; Scedosporium; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; World Health Organization; Mycoses; Fusariosis; Ascomycota; Invasive Fungal Infections
PubMed: 38935914
DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myad128 -
Mycopathologia May 2024The global spread of Trichophyton indotineae presents a pressing challenge in dermatophytosis management. This systematic review explores the current landscape of T.... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The global spread of Trichophyton indotineae presents a pressing challenge in dermatophytosis management. This systematic review explores the current landscape of T. indotineae infections, emphasizing resistance patterns, susceptibility testing, mutational analysis, and management strategies.
METHODS
A literature search was conducted in November 2023 using Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Inclusion criteria covered clinical trials, observational studies, case series, or case reports with T. indotineae diagnosis through molecular methods. Reports on resistance mechanisms, antifungal susceptibility testing, and management were used for data extraction.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A total of 1148 articles were identified through the systematic search process, with 45 meeting the inclusion criteria. The global spread of T. indotineae is evident, with cases reported in numerous new countries in 2023. Tentative epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) suggested by several groups provide insights into the likelihood of clinical resistance. The presence of specific mutations, particularly Phe397Leu, correlate with higher minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), indicating potential clinical resistance. Azole resistance has also been reported and investigated in T. indotineae, and is a growing concern. Nevertheless, itraconazole continues to be an alternative therapy. Recommendations for management include oral or combination therapies and individualized approaches based on mutational analysis and susceptibility testing.
CONCLUSION
Trichophyton indotineae poses a complex clinical scenario, necessitating enhanced surveillance, improved diagnostics, and cautious antifungal use. The absence of established clinical breakpoints for dermatophytes underscores the need for further research in this challenging field.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Humans; Drug Resistance, Fungal; Mutation; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Tinea; Trichophyton; Global Health
PubMed: 38734753
DOI: 10.1007/s11046-024-00856-z