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Critical Reviews in Oncology/hematology Apr 2024The effect of calorie restriction, fasting, and ketogenic diets on the treatment of liver cancer remains uncertain. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The effect of calorie restriction, fasting, and ketogenic diets on the treatment of liver cancer remains uncertain. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate the effect of restrictive diets on the development and progression of liver cancer in animal models. We did a meta-analysis using the Cochrane Collaboration's Review Manager software, with the random effects model and the inverse variance technique. We examined 19 studies that were conducted between 1983 and 2020. Of these, 63.2% investigated calorie restriction, 21.0% experimented with a ketogenic diet, and 15.8% investigated the effects of fasting. The intervention lasted anything from 48 h to 221 weeks. Results showed that restrictive diets may reduce tumor incidence and progression, with a significant reduction in the risk of liver cancer development. Thereby, our results suggest that putting limits on what you eat may help treat liver cancer in more ways than one.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Diet, Ketogenic; Caloric Restriction; Fasting; Liver Neoplasms
PubMed: 38341120
DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104264 -
The British Journal of Nutrition Aug 2023Numerous observational studies have investigated associations between diet indices and health outcomes. Our aim was to systematically synthesise data that was previously...
Numerous observational studies have investigated associations between diet indices and health outcomes. Our aim was to systematically synthesise data that was previously summarised separately for each diet index in one umbrella review of all diet indices with sufficient evidence gained in systematic reviews and to assess the quality and strength of evidence for selected health outcomes. The MEDLINE, EMBASE and Scopus databases were systematically searched following the PRISMA guidelines through October 2021 for systematic reviews of observational studies investigating associations between adherence to diet indices and selected health outcomes (all-cause mortality, CVD incidence or mortality, type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence or mortality). Methodological quality and quality of evidence were assessed using the AMSTAR 2 and NutriGrade tools. The inclusion criteria were met by seven systematic reviews, entirely based on prospective cohort studies and reviewing five different diet indices - alternate healthy eating index (AHEI), dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH), dietary inflammatory index (DII), healthy eating index (HEI) and Mediterranean diet (MedDiet). All seven included systematic reviews showed that greater adherence to these diet indices reduces the risks of all-cause mortality, CVD incidence and mortality and type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence. Moderate meta-evidence was presented for AHEI and DASH for all outcomes, also for DII for all-cause mortality, CVD mortality and incidence, MedDiet for all-cause mortality and for HEI for CVD incidence and mortality. Our umbrella review provides further evidence for AHEI, DASH, DII and HEI diet indices to be used as predictors of selected health outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Diet, Healthy; Diet, Mediterranean; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 36423897
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114522003701 -
Seizure Nov 2023To evaluate the effectiveness and side-effect profile of the modified Atkins diet (MAD) compared to the usual diet (UD) in reducing seizure frequency among patients with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effectiveness and side-effect profile of the modified Atkins diet (MAD) compared to the usual diet (UD) in reducing seizure frequency among patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE).
METHODS
In February 2023, we conducted an extensive search in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases to find randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing MAD to UD in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) on standard anti-seizure medication (ASM). We used random-effects meta-analyses and the Risk of Bias 2 tool to evaluate treatment effects and assess the quality of the included RCTs, respectively.
RESULTS
Six studies were evaluated in the meta-analysis, including 575 patients, of whom 288 (50.1 %) were randomized to the MAD. Average follow-up period was 12 weeks. MAD plus standard drug therapy was associated with a higher rate of 50 % or greater reduction in seizure frequency compared to UD plus drug therapy (RR 6.28; 95 % CI 3.52-10.50; p<0.001), both in children (RR 6.28; 95 % CI 3.43-11.49; p<0.001) and adults with DRE (RR 6.14; 95 % CI 1.15-32.66; p = 0.033). MAD was also associated with a higher seizure freedom rate compared to UD (RR 5.94; 95 % CI 1.93-18.31; p = 0.002). Five studies reported adverse events with MAD; constipation was reported in 17 % of patients (95 % CI 5-44 %), lethargy in 11 % (95 % CI 4-25 %), and anorexia in 12 % (95 % CI 8-19 %). Due to limited information about the ASM regimens, we were unable to further analyze the interaction between MAD and ASM.
SIGNIFICANCE
This meta-analysis, comprising 575 patients from 6 RCTs, revealed that MAD led to higher rates of seizure freedom and underscored its role in seizure frequency reduction by 50 % or more in both adults and children, with no significant adverse events concerns.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Diet, High-Protein Low-Carbohydrate; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Drug Resistant Epilepsy; Diet, Ketogenic; Seizures; Anticonvulsants
PubMed: 37769548
DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2023.09.010 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Jan 2024The high concentration of omega-3 polyunsaturated fats, dietary fibers, vitamins, minerals, and polyphenols found in nuts suggest their regular consumption may be a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The high concentration of omega-3 polyunsaturated fats, dietary fibers, vitamins, minerals, and polyphenols found in nuts suggest their regular consumption may be a simple strategy for improving reproductive health. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to present up-to-date evidence regarding the association between nut intake and fertility outcomes in males and females. Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Scopus were searched from inception to 30 June 2023. Eligible articles were interventional or observational studies in human subjects of reproductive age (18-49 y) that assessed the effects (or association) of dietary nut consumption (for a minimum of 3 mo) on fertility-related outcomes. Random-effects meta-analyses were completed to produce a pooled effect estimate of nut consumption on sperm total motility, vitality, morphology, and concentration in healthy males. Four studies involving 875 participants (646 males, 229 females) were included in this review. Meta-analysis of 2 RCTs involving 223 healthy males indicated consumption of ≥ 60g nuts/d increased sperm motility, vitality, and morphology in comparison to controls but had no effect on sperm concentration. Nonrandomized studies reported no association between dietary nut intake and conventional sperm parameters in males, embryo implantation, clinical pregnancy or live birth in males and females undergoing ART. Our meta-analysis shows that including at least 2 servings of nuts daily as part of a Western-style diet in healthy males improves sperm parameters, which are predictors of male fertility. Due to their nutritional profile, nuts were found to have potential to promote successful reproductive outcomes. This trial was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020204586).
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Pregnancy; Diet, Western; Fertility; Nuts; Seeds; Sperm Motility; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Middle Aged
PubMed: 37977328
DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.100153 -
Nutrients Oct 2023Cataract, defined as the opacification of the lens that prevents clear vision, is a leading cause of vision loss and impairment worldwide. Elderly people comprise the... (Review)
Review
Cataract, defined as the opacification of the lens that prevents clear vision, is a leading cause of vision loss and impairment worldwide. Elderly people comprise the highest proportion of those suffering from this eye disease. According to the National Institute of Health (NIH), the risk of developing aged-related cataract (ARC) increases with every decade of life, starting from the age of 40. Despite progress in surgical treatment methods, life-style modifications may be beneficial in prevention or slowing down the progression of ARC. This systematic review aims to summarize studies on the significance of specific nutritional patterns, dietary products, vitamins, minerals, and carotenoids intake in the onset or progression of ARC. In this context, the presented paper thoroughly analyzes 24 articles, following the PRISMA guidelines. The results indicate significant protective effects of various dietary patterns, including the Korean balanced diet, vegetarian diet, "dairy products and vegetables", "traditional", "antioxidant", and "omega-3" patterns. Additionally, the consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, skimmed yoghurt, fish, coffee, and vitamins has shown positive effects on cataract incidence. Therefore, further research seems to be essential to gain a better understanding of these associations and to create uniform dietary recommendations for both the vulnerable population and ARC patients.
Topics: Aged; Animals; Humans; Vitamins; Diet; Cataract; Antioxidants; Vitamin A; Vegetables; Vitamin K
PubMed: 37960238
DOI: 10.3390/nu15214585 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2023Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) comprise a diverse group of monogenic disorders caused by enzyme deficiencies that result either in a toxic accumulation of metabolic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) comprise a diverse group of monogenic disorders caused by enzyme deficiencies that result either in a toxic accumulation of metabolic intermediates or a shortage of essential end-products. Certain IEMs, like phenylketonuria (PKU), necessitate stringent dietary intervention that could lead to microbiome dysbiosis, thereby exacerbating the clinical phenotype. The objective of this systematic review was to examine the impact of PKU therapies on the intestinal microbiota. This research was conducted following the PRISMA Statement, with data from PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. A total of 18 articles meeting the inclusion criteria were published from 2011 to 2022. Significant reductions in several taxonomic groups in individuals with PKU when compared to the control group were detected in a quantitative analysis conducted across seven studies. The meta-analysis synthesis indicates a contrast in biodiversity between PKU subjects and the control population. Additionally, the meta-regression results, derived from the Bacillota/Bacteroidota ratio data, suggest a potential influence of diet in adult PKU populations ( = 0.004). It is worth noting that the limited number of studies calls for further research and analysis in this area. Our findings indicate the necessity of enhancing understanding of microbiota variability in reaction to treatments among PKU subjects to design tailored therapeutic and nutritional interventions to prevent complications resulting from microbiota disruption.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Phenylketonurias; Diet; Gastrointestinal Microbiome
PubMed: 38139256
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417428 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Nov 2023Improving diet quality while simultaneously maintaining planetary health is of critical interest globally. Despite the shared motivation, advancement remains slow, and... (Review)
Review
Improving diet quality while simultaneously maintaining planetary health is of critical interest globally. Despite the shared motivation, advancement remains slow, and the research community continues to operate in silos, focusing on certain pairings (diet-climate), or with a discipline-specific lens of a sustainable diet, rather than examining their totality. This review aimed to summarize the literature on adherence to a priori defined dietary patterns in consideration of diet quality, metabolic risk factors for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), environmental impacts, and affordability. A methodology using PRISMA guidelines was followed, and searches were performed in 7 databases as of October 2022. The Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) quality assessment tool for observational cohort studies were employed for quality appraisal. The evidence was narratively synthesized according to the characteristics of the diet quality metrics. The review includes 24 studies published between 2017-2023. Thirteen distinct diet quality scores were identified, with those measuring adherence to national dietary guidelines the most reported. Thirteen distinct environmental impact indicators were identified, with greenhouse gas emissions (n=23) reported most. All studies reported on body mass index, and 7 studies assessed the cost of adherence. Our results are consistent with previous findings that healthier diets can reduce environmental impacts; however, incongruities between population and planetary health can occur. Hence, the "sustainability" of dietary patterns is dependent on the choice of indicators selected. Further, healthy, lower impact diets can increase financial cost, but may also provide a protective role against the risk of obesity. Given the Global Syndemic, strategies to reduce obesity prevalence should emphasize the win-win opportunities for population and planetary health through dietary change. Research should identify diets that address multiple environmental concerns to curtail burdens potentially transferring, and harmonize this with sociocultural and equity dimensions. This review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42021238055.
Topics: United States; Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Obesity; Costs and Cost Analysis; Outcome Assessment, Health Care
PubMed: 37532100
DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.07.007 -
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and... 2023Recent studies have expanded the scope of research on the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet beyond its impact on cognitive... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Recent studies have expanded the scope of research on the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet beyond its impact on cognitive performance. These investigations have specifically explored its potential to provide protection against cardiometabolic diseases and associated risk factors, including obesity and dyslipidemia.
METHODS
We systematically summarized and evaluated all existing observational and trial evidence for the MIND diet in relation to cardiometabolic diseases and their risk factors in adults. PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched to extract original studies on humans published until September 2023, without date restrictions. A total of 491 studies were initially retrieved, out of which 23 met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final review. Duplicated and irrelevant studies were screened out by five independent reviewers using the Rayyan platform. Quality assessment was ascertained using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for observational studies and the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB 2) for randomized trials.
RESULTS
Across the different study designs, the MIND diet was generally associated with an improvement in anthropometric measures and other cardiometabolic outcomes, such as blood pressure, glycemic control, lipid profile, inflammation and stroke. The effects of the MIND eating pattern on some cardiovascular diseases are less conclusive.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this systematic review support the recommendation of the MIND diet as a strategy to reduce cardiometabolic risk in adults. Further well-designed and long-term studies are warranted.
PubMed: 37908631
DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S427412 -
BMC Public Health Feb 2024Nutritional status during pregnancy can have a significant impact on infant and maternal health outcomes. To maintain maternal homeostasis and support fetal growth,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Nutritional status during pregnancy can have a significant impact on infant and maternal health outcomes. To maintain maternal homeostasis and support fetal growth, adequate macronutrient and energy intake during pregnancy is essential. Therefore, this study sought to systematically review and meta-analyze macronutrient and energy intakes during pregnancy.
METHODS
A systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The required data were collected from four databases including: Web of Sciences, ProQuest, Scopus, and PubMed, from 1 January 1980 to 30 May 2023, by using a combination of search terms (dietary pattern" OR "diet quality" OR "food habits" OR "nutrition surveys" OR "diet surveys" OR "food-frequency questionnaire" OR "diet record" OR "dietary recall") AND ( "pregnancy" OR "reproduction" OR "maternal health" OR "neonatal outcomes") among interventional and observational studies. Excel and STATA version 11 were used for data analysis.
RESULTS
Among 7081 published articles, 54 studies were included in the review. Most of the 33 (61%) studies were cohort studies and a total of 135,566 pregnant women were included. The overall average of energy, carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake was 2036.10 kcal/day, 262.17 gr/day, 74.17 gr/day, and 78.21 gr/day, respectively. Also, energy intake during pregnancy was higher in American (2228.31 kcal/day, CI95%: 2135.06-2325.63) and Eastern Mediterranean regions (2226.70 kcal/day, CI95%: 2077.23-2386.92) than other regions (P < 0.001). Energy intake was higher in the third trimester than others (2115.64 kcal/day, CI95%: 1974.15-2267.27). Furthermore, based on the findings, there was a significant difference between energy intake in different World Health Organization (WHO) regions (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
According to the results of meta-analysis, the average total energy was below than average total energy required during pregnancy. More efforts are needed to encourage women to adopt healthy eating habits during pregnancy to support healthy fetal and infant development.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Child; Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Energy Intake; Diet; Nutrients; Feeding Behavior; Cohort Studies
PubMed: 38360655
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17862-x -
International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2023International prenatal care guidelines set a standard for clinicians to discuss gestational weight gain with their patients along with the complications associated with... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
International prenatal care guidelines set a standard for clinicians to discuss gestational weight gain with their patients along with the complications associated with prepregnancy obesity and excessive gestational weight gain. Clinicians often lack evidence-based eating, nutrition, and activity strategies to share with patients.
METHODS
This systematic review aimed to find eating patterns and behaviors that could be used safely during pregnancy to limit excessive gestational weight gain. PubMed, MEDLINE, and Web of Science were searched for research or systematic reviews performed in the United States or Canada and published in English from 2013 to 2023. Keyword search terms included weight, manage, behavior, strategy, strategies, gestational weight gain, and nutrition. Excluded research used pediatric or adolescent populations, restrictive diets, such as no carbohydrate or no fat diets, fasting, bariatric surgery, weight loss medications, private industry or profit-earning programs using food brands, or specific diet programs.
RESULTS
A total of 844 abstracts were retrieved, with 103 full-text studies reviewed. Behaviors had to be useful for maintaining a healthy gestational weight gain and had to be safe for use during pregnancy. Behaviors useful during pregnancy included meal planning, home meal preparation, portion control, using diets such as the Mediterranean diet, the low-glycemic index diet, and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet (DASH), regular physical activity, sleeping 6-7 h a night, mindful eating, intuitive eating, and regular seif-weighing.
CONCLUSION
The evidence-based strategies outlined in this review are safe for use during pregnancy and can assist patients in avoiding excessive gestational weight gain while maintaining the nutrition needed for healthy fetal growth.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Adolescent; Humans; Child; Gestational Weight Gain; Exercise; Pregnancy Complications; Weight Gain; Diet; Diet, Mediterranean
PubMed: 38276803
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010015