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American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine 2023This systematic review addresses the effects of -3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids consumption on human neurodevelopment. It evaluates articles published between... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
This systematic review addresses the effects of -3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids consumption on human neurodevelopment. It evaluates articles published between 2000 and 2022 investigating the cognitive outcomes during the period of neurodevelopment: from fetal development to adolescence. For the purpose of this review the terms LC PUFA and omega-3 fatty acid will be used interchangeably.
METHOD
Data were sourced from several major databases including PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, and ProQuest Central. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), nonrandomized controlled trials, prospective or retrospective cohort studies, and observational studies investigating the effects of omega-3 fatty acid consumption from dietary supplements, multiple-nutrient supplement, or food questionnaire on neurodevelopment were considered. Study population was separated in three developmental phases: (1) , (2) lactation/infancy, and (3) childhood/adolescence. Each article was evaluated for several key factors such as study type, type/dosage of PUFAs, number of subjects, length of intervention, participant age range, population characteristics, outcome measure (both primary/cognitive and secondary/other), results, conclusion, and confounding variables/limitations.
RESULTS
A total of 88 articles were included in the review, 69 RCTs and 19 longitudinal or observational studies. The results indicate equivocal effect of intervention, with some short-term benefits observed in the areas of visual attention, working memory, executive function, and communication. Omega-3 supplement might have a short-term positive impact on neurodevelopment in all three phases. Supplementation is recommended throughout life, rather than only during the earliest developmental stage.
PubMed: 37711355
DOI: 10.1177/15598276221116052 -
Nutrition Journal Oct 2023Protein supplements have been widely used among those who are struggling with sarcopenic obesity among older adults. However, despite their popularity, there is still a... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Protein supplements have been widely used among those who are struggling with sarcopenic obesity among older adults. However, despite their popularity, there is still a lack of concrete evidence on both the potential benefits and side effects of protein supplementation and exercise on sarcopenic obesity (SO).
OBJECTIVE
Thus, we aimed to determine the impacts of protein supplementation and exercise in older adults with sarcopenic obesity.
METHOD
A systematic database search was conducted for randomised controlled trials, quasi experimental study and pre-post study design addressing the effects of protein supplementation in improving sarcopenic obesity among older adults. This scoping review was conducted based on PRISMA-Scr guidelines across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases. To assess record eligibility, two independent reviewers performed a rigorous systematic screening process.
RESULTS
Of the 1,811 citations identified, 7 papers met the inclusion criteria. Six studies were randomised controlled trials and one study was a pre-post test study design. The majority of studies discussed the use of both protein supplements and exercise training. The included studies prescribed protein intake ranging from 1.0 to 1.8 g/kg/BW/day for the intervention group, while the duration of exercise performed ranged from 2 to 3 times per week, with each session lasting for 1 hour. Whey protein supplementation has been shown to be effective in improving sarcopenic conditions and weight status in SO individuals. The combination of exercise training especially resistance training and the used of protein supplement provided additional benefits in terms of lean muscle mass as well as biomarkers. The study also revealed a lack of consistency in exercise design among interventions for sarcopenic obesity.
CONCLUSION
Overall, it appears to be a promising option for SO individuals to improve their sarcopenic condition and weight status through the combination of resistance exercise and whey protein supplementation. However, it also highlights the need for caution when it comes to high amounts of protein intake prescription. Future research is warranted to investigate the optimal exercise design for this population, given the limited research conducted in this specific area.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Sarcopenia; Whey Proteins; Dietary Supplements; Obesity; Exercise; Muscle Strength; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 37872544
DOI: 10.1186/s12937-023-00880-7 -
Food & Function Oct 2023: Previous studies have shown the potential role of vitamin K supplementation in the prevention and treatment of many diseases. However, the effect of vitamin K... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
: Previous studies have shown the potential role of vitamin K supplementation in the prevention and treatment of many diseases. However, the effect of vitamin K supplementation on blood glucose remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of vitamin K supplementation on glycemia-related indicators, including Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Fasting Insulin (FINS) and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). The potential association between vitamin K and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk was also evaluated. : Up to April 2023, Cochrane, PubMed, Web of Science, Medline and EMBASE databases were searched to assess the effects of vitamin K on blood glucose and the risk of developing T2DM. : A -analysis of seven studies (813 participants) found vitamin K supplementation significantly reduced FBS (SMD = -0.150 mg dl, 95% CI = -0.290, -0.010 mg dl) and HOMA-IR (SMD = -0.200, 95% CI = -0.330, -0.060), but not FINS. Five studies with a total of 105 798 participants were included in the -analysis of the association between vitamin K and T2DM. The results showed that vitamin K was associated with the reduced risk of developing T2DM (HR = 0.79, 95% CI [0.71-0.88], < 0.001). : The -analysis demonstrated that vitamin K supplementation had a significant effect on the regulation of FBS and HOMA-IR in the population. Moreover, vitamin K was associated with the reduced risk of developing T2DM. Considering some limitations found in this study, additional data from large clinical trials are needed.
Topics: Humans; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Vitamin K
PubMed: 37724446
DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02943c -
Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine... Sep 2023A deficit in zinc has been related to a higher probability of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative capabilities of zinc... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
A deficit in zinc has been related to a higher probability of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative capabilities of zinc may have a wide range of therapeutic impacts on CVDs. We conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the possible impacts that zinc supplementation may have on the risk factors associated with CVDs.
METHODS
To identify eligible randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of zinc supplementation on CVDs risk factors, electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were systematically searched up to January 2023. The heterogeneity of trials was checked using the I statistic. According to the heterogeneity tests, random effects models were estimated and pooled data were defined as the weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS
Of 23165 initial records, 75 studies that met inclusion criteria were analyzed in this meta-analysis. The pooled findings indicated the significant lowering effects of zinc supplementation on triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), fasting blood glucose (FBG), Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and glutathione (GSH), with no noticeable effects on low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), insulin, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), aspartate transaminase (AST), and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT).
CONCLUSION
Overall, zinc supplementation may boost recognized coronary risk factors that contribute to the development of CVDs. Future research should be conducted to bolster our results.
Topics: Humans; Dietary Supplements; Cardiovascular Diseases; Zinc; Blood Glucose; Triglycerides
PubMed: 37399684
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127244 -
Phytotherapy Research : PTR Oct 2023The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether the supplementation with Rhodiola rosea (RR), an herb that has been used for centuries for its various... (Review)
Review
The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether the supplementation with Rhodiola rosea (RR), an herb that has been used for centuries for its various properties, can have an effect on muscle damage and physical performance. The databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were used to find studies published until March 2023. Randomized controlled trials, healthy participants, and no use of other supplements. The search strategy was conducted by two independent reviewers, and specific information was extracted from the selected studies. Thirteen studies were included with 263 participants (198 men and 65 women between 18 and 65 years old). Two studies followed acute supplementation, 5 chronic, and 6 combined both. The results were heterogenous, having 11 studies with some positive effects, while 2 studies show no effect in variables such as rating of perceive exertion, heart rate, antioxidant capacity, blood lactate, creatine kinase, or C-reactive protein. Two limitations were found, firstly, the difference between supplementation and exercise protocols, and secondly, the existence of unclear or high risk of bias in most of the studies included. Acute supplementation with RR has a positive effect on endurance performance and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Chronic supplementation has a positive effect on anaerobic exercise performance, but not endurance exercise performance. Chronic supplementation may positively impact muscle damage during exercise. However, more high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of RR.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Antioxidants; Dietary Supplements; Exercise; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rhodiola
PubMed: 37495266
DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7950 -
The Journal of Maternal-fetal &... Dec 2023L-Arginine (L-Arg)/Nitric Oxide (NO) system is involved in the pathophysiology of relevant Obstetric conditions. This review aims at summarizing the effects of L-Arg... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND/AIM OF THE STUDY
L-Arginine (L-Arg)/Nitric Oxide (NO) system is involved in the pathophysiology of relevant Obstetric conditions. This review aims at summarizing the effects of L-Arg supplementation in pregnancy looking at safety and efficacy.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review of the literature utilizing PubMed for studies published from inception to September 2022. The search included human and animal studies where L-Arg was supplemented pre-conceptionally or during pregnancy, by either oral or intravenous route. The main perinatal outcomes were focused.
RESULTS
Among 1028 publications, 51 studies were eligible for inclusion, 25 were performed in women, and the remnant in animals. Compared to controls/placebo, the supplementation with L-Arg reduced the development of pre-eclampsia (four studies), decreased blood pressure, and reduced the need for antihypertensive drugs in women with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP, eight studies). In women carrying growth retarded fetuses, L-Arg improved fetoplacental circulation, birth weight and neonatal outcomes (five studies), while in the case of threatened preterm birth, L-Arg reduced uterine contractions (two studies). In several animal species, L-Arg supplementation in pregnancy improved reproductive performance by increasing the litter number and size. Moreover, in pre-eclamptic and metabolic syndrome experimental models, maternal hypertension and fetal growth were improved.
CONCLUSION
L-Arg displays biological activities in pregnancies complicated by HDP and growth restriction, both in women and animal models. L-Arg administration is safe and could be a candidate as an intervention beneficial to maternal and fetal outcomes, at least in moderate clinical disorders.
Topics: Pregnancy; Animals; Infant, Newborn; Female; Humans; Premature Birth; Dietary Supplements; Pre-Eclampsia; Fetus; Arginine
PubMed: 37258415
DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2217465 -
Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine... Dec 2023Supplementation is an alternative with potential benefits for the prevention of iodine deficiency in pregnancy. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Supplementation is an alternative with potential benefits for the prevention of iodine deficiency in pregnancy.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of iodine supplementation on maternal thyroid hormone concentrations and iodine status during and/or before pregnancy.
METHODS
The review was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA). The search was conducted in the databases: Cochrane, Embase, Pubmed/MEDLINE and Scopus. Studies involving pregnant women of all trimesters who received oral iodine supplementation were included. Study selection was performed in the Rayyan program. Risk of bias was assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Meta-analysis was performed in R software version 4.0.4.
RESULTS
Eleven articles with low and moderate risk of bias were included. According to the results of the meta-analysis, supplementation of 200 μg/day of iodine was able to change urinary iodine concentration during pregnancy, thus contributing to adequate intake. When evaluating the period when the intervention started, the best time to start supplementation was prior to pregnancy or in early pregnancy.
CONCLUSION
Daily iodine supplementation had satisfactory effects on iodine status and maternal thyroid hormone concentrations. Although supplementation with 200 µg showed positive effects on iodine status in pregnancy, some studies showed no effect. Prospero Registration: CRD42021249307 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=249307).
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Iodine; Thyroid Gland; Dietary Supplements; Thyroid Hormones; Pregnant Women
PubMed: 37562272
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127275 -
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Jan 2024Dietary approaches are recommended for the management of chronic constipation. Until now, there has been no systematic review and meta-analysis on foods, drinks and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Dietary approaches are recommended for the management of chronic constipation. Until now, there has been no systematic review and meta-analysis on foods, drinks and diets in constipation.
AIMS
To investigate the effect of foods, drinks and diets on response to treatment, stool output, gut transit time, symptoms, quality of life, adverse events and compliance in adults with chronic constipation via a systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
Studies were identified using electronic databases (12th July 2023). Intervention trials (randomised controlled trials [RCTs], non-randomised, uncontrolled) were included. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane 2.0 (RCTs) or JBI Critical Appraisal (uncontrolled trials). Data from RCTs only were synthesised using risk ratios (RRs), mean differences (MDs), standardised mean differences (95% CI) using random-effects.
RESULTS
We included 23 studies (17 RCTs, 6 uncontrolled; 1714 participants): kiwifruit (n = 7), high-mineral water (n = 4), prunes (n = 2), rye bread (n = 2), mango, fig, cereal, oat bran, yoghurt, water supplementation, prune juice, high-fibre diet, no-fibre diet (n = 1). Fruits resulted in higher stool frequency than psyllium (MD: +0.36 bowel movements [BM]/week, [0.25-0.48], n = 232), kiwifruits in particular (MD: +0.36 BM/week, [0.24-0.48], n = 192); there was no difference for prunes compared with psyllium. Rye bread resulted in higher stool frequency than white bread (MD: +0.43 BM/week, [0.03-0.83], n = 48). High-mineral water resulted in higher response to treatment than low-mineral water (RR: 1.47, [1.20-1.81], n = 539).
CONCLUSIONS
Fruits and rye bread may improve certain constipation-related outcomes. There is a scarcity of evidence on foods, drinks and diets in constipation and further RCTs are needed.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Psyllium; Constipation; Dietary Fiber; Diet; Mineral Waters
PubMed: 37905980
DOI: 10.1111/apt.17782 -
PloS One 2023Our aim was to analyze the results of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on vitamin D supplementation for psoriasis in order to explore its effectiveness and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
Our aim was to analyze the results of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on vitamin D supplementation for psoriasis in order to explore its effectiveness and safety.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
As of July 7 2023, we conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection databases. The study outcomes included change values in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) (at 3 months, 6 months, and end of follow-up)/Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI)/Psoriasis disability index (PDI)/C-reactive protein (CRP), and adverse events.
RESULTS
333 patients from 4 studies were evaluated. Pooled analyses showed no significant effect of DLQI/PDI/CRP change value (P > 0.05) or PASI change value (3 months, end of follow-up; P > 0.05). Sensitivity analyses and statistical tests did not support the results of the PASI change values (6 months, P = 0.05). However, the results of subgroup analyses should not be ignored(supplementation with vitamin D2 or Asia would be more effective; P = 0.03). There were no serious adverse effects, and only a few individuals experienced nausea.
CONCLUSIONS
The efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of psoriasis remains unremarkable. The search for a new prognostic index that combines clinical and laboratory factors is needed to compensate for the shortcomings of existing measures and provide stronger evidence of validity.
Topics: Humans; Psoriasis; Vitamin D; Dietary Supplements; Asia; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 37967075
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294239 -
Inflammopharmacology Oct 2023Melatonin is a neurohormone secreted predominantly by the pineal gland that is demonstrated to be associated with the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). This... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Melatonin is a neurohormone secreted predominantly by the pineal gland that is demonstrated to be associated with the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). This research desires to evaluate the tolerability and beneficial effects of exogenous melatonin supplementations in patients with MS.
METHODS
This study was executed following the PRISMA 2020 statement. Both observational and interventional studies which reported the clinical effectiveness and/or safety of melatonin supplementation in patients with MS were included in this systematic review. Ovid, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched and the risk of bias in included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools based on study design.
RESULTS
Out of 1304 results of database searches, finally, 14 articles, including 7 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 6 case-control studies, and one quasi-experimental study, were included based on the full-text review. Included phenotypes of MS were mostly relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) (in 11 studies); it was secondary progressive MS (SPMS) in only one study, and two other studies had a mixture of the different phenotypes. The course of treatment with melatonin supplementation was between 2 weeks and 12 months. There were no substantial safety issues. Although melatonin was associated with enhanced oxidative stress and inflammation status, concerning the clinical benefits, limited studies suggested improvements in sleep conditions, cognitive outcomes, and fatigue in MS.
DISCUSSION
There are insufficient data to support the regular melatonin prescription in MS. Limitations such as the small number of included studies, the diversity of the dosage, route, and duration of melatonin administration, and the diversity of assessment tests lead to unconvincing findings in this study. There is a need for future studies to achieve a comprehensive judgment on this subject.
Topics: Humans; Melatonin; Multiple Sclerosis; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting; Treatment Outcome; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37429996
DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01271-4