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PloS One 2023There is widespread agreement about the key role of hemoglobin for oxygen transport. Both observational and interventional studies have examined the relationship between... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
There is widespread agreement about the key role of hemoglobin for oxygen transport. Both observational and interventional studies have examined the relationship between hemoglobin levels and maximal oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) in humans. However, there exists considerable variability in the scientific literature regarding the potential relationship between hemoglobin and [Formula: see text]. Thus, we aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the diverse literature and examine the relationship between hemoglobin levels (hemoglobin concentration and mass) and [Formula: see text] (absolute and relative [Formula: see text]) among both observational and interventional studies.
METHODS
A systematic search was performed on December 6th, 2021. The study procedures and reporting of findings followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Article selection and data abstraction were performed in duplicate by two independent reviewers. Primary outcomes were hemoglobin levels and [Formula: see text] values (absolute and relative). For observational studies, meta-regression models were performed to examine the relationship between hemoglobin levels and [Formula: see text] values. For interventional studies, meta-analysis models were performed to determine the change in [Formula: see text] values (standard paired difference) associated with interventions designed to modify hemoglobin levels or [Formula: see text]. Meta-regression models were then performed to determine the relationship between a change in hemoglobin levels and the change in [Formula: see text] values.
RESULTS
Data from 384 studies (226 observational studies and 158 interventional studies) were examined. For observational data, there was a positive association between absolute [Formula: see text] and hemoglobin levels (hemoglobin concentration, hemoglobin mass, and hematocrit (P<0.001 for all)). Prespecified subgroup analyses demonstrated no apparent sex-related differences among these relationships. For interventional data, there was a positive association between the change of absolute [Formula: see text] (standard paired difference) and the change in hemoglobin levels (hemoglobin concentration (P<0.0001) and hemoglobin mass (P = 0.006)).
CONCLUSION
These findings suggest that [Formula: see text] values are closely associated with hemoglobin levels among both observational and interventional studies. Although our findings suggest a lack of sex differences in these relationships, there were limited studies incorporating females or stratifying results by biological sex.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Oxygen Consumption; Oxygen
PubMed: 37824583
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292835 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Male testicular dysfunction is a considerable complication of anti-cancer therapies, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, partly due to the increased oxidative... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Protective effects of exogenous melatonin therapy against oxidative stress to male reproductive tissue caused by anti-cancer chemical and radiation therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies.
BACKGROUND
Male testicular dysfunction is a considerable complication of anti-cancer therapies, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, partly due to the increased oxidative stress caused by these treatments. Melatonin is an effective antioxidant agent that protects testicles against physical and toxic chemical stressors in animal models. This study aims to systematically review the melatonin's protective effects against anti-cancer stressors on rodential testicular tissue.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
An extensive search was conducted in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed for animal studies investigating exogenous melatonin's protective effects on rodent testicles exposed to anti-cancer chemicals and radiotherapeutic agents. Using the DerSimonian and Laird random-effect model, standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were estimated from the pooled data. The protocol was prospectively registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42022355293).
RESULTS
The meta-analysis included 38 studies from 43 studies that were eligible for the review. Rats and mice were exposed to radiotherapy (ionizing radiations such as gamma- and roentgen radiation and radioactive iodine) or chemotherapy (methotrexate, paclitaxel, busulfan, cisplatin, doxorubicin, vinblastine, bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, Taxol, procarbazine, docetaxel, and chlorambucil). According to our meta-analysis, all outcomes were significantly improved by melatonin therapy, including sperm quantity and quality (count, motility, viability, normal morphology, number of spermatogonia, Johnsen's testicular biopsy score, seminiferous tubular diameter, and seminiferous epithelial height), serum level of reproductive hormones (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and testosterone), tissue markers of oxidative stress (testicular tissue malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione, caspase-3, and total antioxidant capacity), and weight-related characteristics (absolute body, epididymis, testis, and relative testis to body weights). Most SYRCLE domains exhibited a high risk of bias in the included studies. Also, significant heterogeneity and small-study effects were detected.
CONCLUSION
In male rodents, melatonin therapy was related to improved testicular histopathology, reproductive hormones, testis and body weights, and reduced levels of oxidative markers in testicular tissues of male rodents. Future meticulous studies are recommended to provide a robust scientific backbone for human applications.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022355293, identifier CRD42022355293.
Topics: Humans; Male; Animals; Rats; Mice; Melatonin; Antioxidants; Iodine Radioisotopes; Semen; Thyroid Neoplasms; Oxidative Stress; Body Weight
PubMed: 37701901
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1184745 -
Eye (London, England) Sep 2023To assess the relationship between sleep duration and the risk of major eye disorders including myopia, glaucoma, cataract, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
To assess the relationship between sleep duration and the risk of major eye disorders including myopia, glaucoma, cataract, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy (DR).
METHODS
Databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane library were searched for eligible publications before July 2021. Studies assessing the relationship between sleep duration and any one of the major eye disorders were identified. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated using random-effects models.
RESULTS
We identified 21 relevant articles including 777348 participants, and 17 were cross-sectional, 3 were longitudinal, and 1 was case-control. Pooled results indicated that long sleep duration was significantly associated with the risk of DR (OR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.24, 2.73), and short sleep duration was significantly associated with the risk of cataract (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.05, 1.36). Besides, a significant relationship was observed between the risk of DR and long sleep duration per day (i.e., nighttime sleep plus daytime napping, OR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.23, 2.44) rather than per night (OR = 2.17, 95% CI 0.95, 4.99). The extreme of long sleep duration (i.e., >10 h per night) increased the risk of myopia (OR = 1.02, 95% CI 1.01, 1.04).
CONCLUSIONS
Inappropriate sleep duration might increase the risk of major eye disorders. The findings could contribute to the growing knowledge on the possible relationship between circadian rhythms and eye disorders.
Topics: Sleep Duration; Humans; Eye Diseases
PubMed: 36683054
DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02403-4 -
Seminars in Dialysis 2023We aim to look at potential gaps in current dialysis literature on inequities and explore future research that could contribute to more equitable care. (Review)
Review
MAIN PROBLEM
We aim to look at potential gaps in current dialysis literature on inequities and explore future research that could contribute to more equitable care.
METHODS
Following guidelines from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), we conducted a scoping review of health inequities in dialysis. PubMed and Ovid Embase were searched in July 2022 for articles published between 2016 and 2022 that examined at least one of the following NIH defined health inequities: race/ethnicity, sex/gender, LGBTQ+ identity, underserved rural populations, education level, income, and occupation status. Frequencies of each health inequity as well as trends over time of the four most examined inequities were analyzed.
RESULTS
In our sample of 69 included studies, gaps were identified in LGBTQ+ identity and patient education. Inequities pertaining to race/ethnicity, sex/gender, underserved rural populations, and income were sufficiently reported. No trends between inequities investigated over time were identified.
CONCLUSIONS
Our scoping review examined current literature on health inequities pertaining to dialysis and found gaps concerning LGBTQ+ and patients with lower levels of education. To help fill these gaps, and possibly alleviate additional burden to these patients, we recommend cultural competency training for providers and dialysis center staff as well as community-based educational programs to improve dialysis patients' health literacy.
Topics: Humans; Renal Dialysis; Health Inequities
PubMed: 37734842
DOI: 10.1111/sdi.13176 -
Experimental Eye Research Sep 2023Animal models of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) are extensively used in translational studies of CNV formation and to evaluate angiostatic treatment strategies.... (Review)
Review
Animal models of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) are extensively used in translational studies of CNV formation and to evaluate angiostatic treatment strategies. However, the current paucity of large animal models compared with rodent models constitutes a knowledge gap regarding the clinical translation of findings. Ocular anatomical and physiological similarities to humans suggest the pig as a relevant model animal. Thus, a systematic survey of porcine CNV models was performed to identify pertinent model parameters and suggest avenues for model standardization and optimization. A systematic search was performed in PubMed and EMBASE on November 28, 2022 for porcine models of CNV. Following inclusion by two investigators, data from the articles were extracted according to a predefined protocol. A total of 14 articles, representing 19 independent porcine CNV models were included. The included models were almost equally divided between laser-induced (53%) and surgically-induced (47%) models. Different specified breeds of domestic pigs (71%) were most commonly used in the studies. All studies used normal animals. Female pigs were reported used in 43% of the studies, while 43% did not report on sex of the animals. Younger pigs were typically used. The surgical models reported consistent CNV induction following mechanical Bruch's membrane rupture. The laser models used variants of the infrared diode laser (40%) or the frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser (50%). Both lasers enabled successful CNV induction with reported induction rates ranging from 60 to 100%. Collateral damage to the neuroretina was reported for the infrared diode laser. CNV evaluation varied across studies with fluorescein angiography (50%) as the most used in vivo method and retinal sections (71%) as the most used ex vivo method. In interventional studies, quantification of lesions was in general performed between 7 and 14 days. The field of porcine CNV models is relatively small and heterogeneous and almost equally divided between surgically-induced and laser-induced models. Both methods have allowed successful modeling of CNV formation with induction rates comparable to those of non-human primates. However, the field would benefit from standardization of model parameters and reporting. This includes laser parameters and validation of CNV formation as well as methods of CNV evaluation and statistical analysis.
Topics: Female; Humans; Swine; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Choroidal Neovascularization; Retina; Bruch Membrane; Fluorescein Angiography
PubMed: 37474015
DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109590 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Nov 2023Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder caused by genetic and environmental alterations, especially during prenatal stages. On the other... (Review)
Review
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder caused by genetic and environmental alterations, especially during prenatal stages. On the other hand, cannabis consumption in adolescence has been also linked to an increased risk of developing SCZ. The combination of both hits has been proposed as the dual hit hypothesis of SCZ. We systematically reviewed prenatal environmental alterations and cannabis consumption during adolescence that are associated with an increased risk of SCZ, following the PRISMA model. The analysis focused on dual animal models where the first hit is prenatal environmental exposure and the second hit consists of postnatal cannabis exposure. The articles were evaluated by three independent reviewers based on inclusion criteria. We extracted the first author´s name, year, model species, sex and analysis. The articles reported on dual murine models and their effects on weight, behavior, genetics, electrophysiology and brain structure and function. We conclude that the defects caused by the dual hits depend on the sex of the model, as well as type of hits.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Mice; Animals; Humans; Schizophrenia; Cannabis; Rodentia; Brain; Risk Factors; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
PubMed: 37783300
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105409 -
Social Science & Medicine (1982) Mar 2024This paper examined the relationship between social identity and health-related behavior, exploring whether social identities are associated with multiple health-related... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This paper examined the relationship between social identity and health-related behavior, exploring whether social identities are associated with multiple health-related behaviors or only specific ones, and whether this association varies on the type of social identity, the type of social identity measures or the expected relationship between identity and behavior. In a systematic review and meta-analysis we assessed whether the pattern of findings can be explained by the social identity approach. An extensive literature search was conducted in several databases including EBSCO-host and PubMed, using elaborate search terms related to social identity and health-related behavior. This resulted in 10728 potential articles, with 115 articles (with 248 effect sizes from 133 independent samples, N = 112.112) included in the meta-analysis. We found a small but positive overall association between social identification and health-related behavior, which was present for actual behavior, as well as for intention and attitudes. This association was stronger for health-related social identities, positive health-related behaviors, when the expected relationship was positive and when indirect social identity measures were used. However, not all findings could be explained by the social identity approach, indicating a need for further research to better understand the relationship between social identity and health-related behavior, in order to more effectively incorporate social identity into health interventions.
Topics: Humans; Social Identification; Health Behavior; Intention
PubMed: 38330634
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116629 -
Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.) Nov 2023The interpubic cavity (cleft) is a narrow, slit-like, oval-shaped cavity which has frequently been described within the fibrocartilaginous interpubic disc. The aim of... (Review)
Review
The interpubic cavity (cleft) is a narrow, slit-like, oval-shaped cavity which has frequently been described within the fibrocartilaginous interpubic disc. The aim of this article is to thoroughly analyze what is known about the interpubic cavity. The following three scientific databases (PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar) were systematically searched. Combinations of the search terms "interpubic cleft", "interpubic cavity", "symphysis pubis cleft", "symphysis pubis cavity" and "symphysis cleft sign" were used. All databases were searched from inception until August of 2022. Searching of the three databases resulted in 711 hits, of which 280 remained after checking for duplicates. In the first step, 152 studies were excluded due to irrelevant content. Thus, 128 proceeded to the second step, of which 23 were finally selected for meeting the objectives of this review. Until now the reason for the cavity forming remains unclear. The interpubic cavity is present in the anterior portion of the interpubic disc, within 2 mm from its anterior margin. There is no predilection in the craniocaudal dimension. The secondary cavity is usually called a "cleft sign". The results of our scoping review summarize information about the interpubic cavity. Its composition and morphology are still not well understood.
Topics: Humans; Pubic Symphysis
PubMed: 36959758
DOI: 10.1002/ca.24041 -
PloS One 2024Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a worldwide distributed protozoan parasite which has infected a wide range of warm-blooded animals and humans. The most common form of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a worldwide distributed protozoan parasite which has infected a wide range of warm-blooded animals and humans. The most common form of T. gondii infection is asymptomatic (latent); nevertheless, latent toxoplasmosis can induce various alterations of sex hormones, especially testosterone, in infected humans and animals. On the other hand, testosterone is involved in behavioral traits and reproductive functions in both sexes. Hence, the purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the available evidence regarding the association between T. gondii infection and testosterone alteration.
METHODS
In the setting of a systematic review, an electronic search (any date to 10 January 2023) without language restrictions was performed using Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. Following the initial search, a total of 12,306 titles and abstracts were screened initially; 12,281 were excluded due to the lack of eligibility criteria or duplication. Finally, 24 articles met the included criteria. A mean±standard deviation (SD) was calculated to assess the difference of testosterone between T. gondii positive and T. gondii negative humans. The possibility of publication bias was assessed using Egger's regression. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
This systematic review identified 24 articles (18 studies in humans and six studies in animals). Most human studies (13 out of 19) reported an increased level of testosterone following latent toxoplasmosis in males, while three studies reported decreased levels and two studies reported an insignificant change. Eleven articles (seven datasets in males and seven datasets in females) were eligible to be included in the data synthesis. Based on the random-effects model, the pooled mean± SD of testosterone in T. gondii positive than T. gondii negative was increased by 0.73 and 0.55 units in males and females, respectively. The Egger's regression did not detect a statistically significant publication bias in males and females (p = value = 0.95 and 0.71), respectively. Three studies in male animals (rats, mice, and spotted hyenas) and two studies in female animals (mice and spotted hyenas) reported a decline in testosterone in infected compared with non-infected animals. While, one study in female rats reported no significant changes of testosterone in infected than non-infected animals. Moreover, two studies in male rats reported an increased level of testosterone in infected than non-infected animals.
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides new insights about the association between T. gondii infection and testosterone alteration and identifies relevant data gaps that can inform and encourage further studies. The consequence of increased testosterone levels following T. gondii infection could partly be associated with increased sexual behavior and sexual transmission of the parasite. On the other hand, declining testosterone levels following T. gondii infection may be associated with male reproductive impairments, which were observed in T. gondii-infected humans and animals. Furthermore, these findings suggest the great need for more epidemiological and experimental investigations in depth to understand the relationship between T. gondii infection and testosterone alteration alongside with future consequences of testosterone alteration.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Animals; Mice; Rats; Testosterone; Hyaenidae; Toxoplasmosis; Toxoplasma; Reproduction; Seroepidemiologic Studies
PubMed: 38568993
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297362 -
Nurse Education in Practice Nov 2023To provide a scoping review of the existing literature regarding academic-practice partnership in evidence-based nursing education, with the goal of gathering evidence... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To provide a scoping review of the existing literature regarding academic-practice partnership in evidence-based nursing education, with the goal of gathering evidence to support the establishment of such partnerships.
BACKGROUND
Academic-practice partnerships play a crucial role in overcoming separation of theory and practice in evidence-based nursing education and promoting the adoption of evidence-based nursing practice. However, there is a lack of scoping review of related literature.
DESIGN
This scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute updated methodology for scoping reviews and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist.
METHODS
We conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, EMBASE, Educational Resource Information Centre (ERIC) and five gray websites between November and December, 2022. A total of 10515 articles were retrieved, 26 articles were included in the scoping review. Two reviewers reviewed the articles, screened literature, and extracted data, independently. A third researcher was involved when consensus is needed. Practice-academic partnership logic model was used to analysis and synthesis the results.
RESULTS
Main themes included inputs (time, instructional resources, partnership agreement, key stakeholder commitment, shared mission, leadership support, common vision, instructional design, mutual respect, and instructional objectives), activities (ongoing communication and shared decision-making), outputs (action plan: evidence-based nursing project plans and educational resources), outcomes (improved evidence-based nursing competency, enhanced quality of nursing care, career advancement and personal development, increased evidence-based nursing projects, improve evidence-based nursing education, heightened academic achievement, increased engagement in evidence-based nursing, increased networking opportunities, and improved staff satisfaction), facilitators (sufficient inputs, effective activities, and clear partnership structure, ongoing feedback, and positive outcomes), and barriers (insufficient inputs).
CONCLUSIONS
Inputs and activities could lead to outputs and outcomes. Facilitators and barriers could influence the degree of outputs and outcomes. Academic-practice partnerships can overcome the barriers of disconnection between theory and practice in evidence-based nursing education, and further promote education and research by leveraging the strengths of both parties, resulting in a mutually beneficial collaboration.
Topics: Humans; Evidence-Based Nursing; Communication
PubMed: 37952473
DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103839