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International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2024Nowadays, incorrect apply of antibiotics to treat infections in honey has led to health risks for humans and antibiotic resistance. Current systematic review and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Nowadays, incorrect apply of antibiotics to treat infections in honey has led to health risks for humans and antibiotic resistance. Current systematic review and meta-analysis conducted to study antibiotic residues in honey. Data were obtained through searching the databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and other internal databases. The pooled concentration of antibiotic residues was 5.032 (µg/kg) that ranged from 4.72 to 5.33 (µg/kg). The ranking of antibiotics concentration was found in order of fluoroquinolone (8.59 µg/kg) > tetracycline (5.68 µg/kg) > sulfonamides (5.54 µg/kg) > macrolides (4.19µg/kg), respectively. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method (37.9.7%), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method (34.4%), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method (27.5.8%) were the most used methods in various studies. In order to avoid contamination, proper use of antibiotics, placement of hives at a suitable distance from agricultural environment, and regular control of antibiotic residues in honey seems to be necessary.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Honey; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Tetracycline; Macrolides; Food Contamination
PubMed: 37004239
DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2197285 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2024Bladder cancer (BCa) research relying on Omics approaches has increased over the last few decades, improving the understanding of BCa pathology and contributing to a... (Review)
Review
Bladder cancer (BCa) research relying on Omics approaches has increased over the last few decades, improving the understanding of BCa pathology and contributing to a better molecular classification of BCa subtypes. To gain further insight into the molecular profile underlying the development of BCa, a systematic literature search was performed in PubMed until November 2023, following the PRISMA guidelines. This search enabled the identification of 25 experimental studies using mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance-based approaches to characterize the metabolite signature associated with BCa. A total of 1562 metabolites were identified to be altered by BCa in different types of samples. Urine samples displayed a higher likelihood of containing metabolites that are also present in bladder tumor tissue and cell line cultures. The data from these comparisons suggest that increased concentrations of L-isoleucine, L-carnitine, oleamide, palmitamide, arachidonic acid and glycoursodeoxycholic acid and decreased content of deoxycytidine, 5-aminolevulinic acid and pantothenic acid should be considered components of a BCa metabolome signature. Overall, molecular profiling of biological samples by metabolomics is a promising approach to identifying potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of different BCa subtypes. However, future studies are needed to understand its biological significance in the context of BCa and to validate its clinical application.
Topics: Humans; Biomarkers, Tumor; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder; Metabolomics; Metabolome
PubMed: 38542319
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063347 -
Cerebral Circulation - Cognition and... 2024The disruption of the neurovascular unit (NVU), which maintains the integrity of the blood brain barrier (BBB), has been identified as a critical mechanism in the...
BACKGROUND
The disruption of the neurovascular unit (NVU), which maintains the integrity of the blood brain barrier (BBB), has been identified as a critical mechanism in the development of cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. However, the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms linking NVU dysfunction to the disorders is incomplete, and reliable blood biomarkers to measure NVU dysfunction are yet to be established. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify biomarkers associated with BBB dysfunction in large vessel disease, small vessel disease (SVD) and vascular cognitive disorders (VCD).
METHODS
A literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and PsychINFO to identify blood biomarkers related to dysfunction of the NVU in disorders with vascular pathologies published until 20 November 2023. Studies that assayed one or more specific markers in human serum or plasma were included. Quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Effects were pooled and methodological heterogeneity examined using the random effects model.
RESULTS
A total of 112 studies were included in this review. Where study numbers allowed, biomarkers were analysed using random effect meta-analysis for VCD (1 biomarker; 5 studies) and cerebrovascular disorders, including stroke and SVD (9 biomarkers; 29 studies) while all remaining biomarkers ( = 17 biomarkers; 78 studies) were examined through qualitative analysis. Results of the meta-analysis revealed that cerebrospinal fluid/serum albumin quotient (Q-Alb) reliably differentiates VCD patients from healthy controls (MD = 2.77; 95 % CI = 1.97-3.57; < 0.0001) while commonly measured biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction (VEGF, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, vWF and E-selectin) and neuronal injury (NfL) were significantly elevated in vascular pathologies. A qualitative assessment of non-meta-analysed biomarkers revealed NSE, NfL, vWF, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, lipocalin-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels to be upregulated in VCD, although these findings were not consistently replicated.
CONCLUSIONS
This review identifies several promising biomarkers of NVU dysfunction which require further validation. A panel of biomarkers representing multiple pathophysiological pathways may offer greater discriminative power in distinguishing possible disease mechanisms of VCD.
PubMed: 38510579
DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2024.100216 -
Clinical Laboratory Oct 2023Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is one of the preferred detection techniques for identification of clinical... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is one of the preferred detection techniques for identification of clinical microorganisms and it has the characteristics of rapid identification, simple operation, low cost, and updatable databases. For laboratory medicine undergraduates, clinical internship is an important stage for the connection of basic theoretical knowledge and clinical practice. Internship teaching choosing MALDI-TOF MS as the content will greatly increase the popularity and applicability of the new technology in the clinical microbiology laboratory.
METHODS
With the help of electronic databases on the network, we conducted a systematic review. According to the purpose of research, we singled out forty papers. Latest studies on history, basic principles, clinical features, and applications of MALDI-TOF MS and the internship teaching contents introducing new technologies are summarized and focused on. In internship teaching, firstly we explain the historical development, basic principle and widespread applications of MALDI-TOF MS in the identification of clinical pathogenic microorganisms and the detection of antibiotic resistance. Subsequently, we instruct the students to perform the experimental operations, analyze the common problems, and find solutions. Finally, we highlight quality control and laboratory biosafety.
RESULTS
Most of the reviews published previously report the clinical features and applications of MALDI-TOF MS and the internship teaching contents choosing other new technologies. It is the first study selecting MALDI-TOF MS technology as an internship teaching content creatively. Primary outcome is that the students understand the theoretical knowledge in detail, master the operation skills of MALDI-TOF MS quickly, and obtain excellent internship performances in the clinical internship through the internship teaching. Secondary outcome is that it is a help to cultivate medical students' train of thought for scientific research and to understand the application of the new technology in clinical testing and scientific research.
CONCLUSIONS
Laboratory medicine undergraduates should cherish the opportunity to learn the new technology during the internship period and should master basic principle and operation. As internship teachers, it is necessary to introduce the new technology to students during the internship and encourage undergraduates to cultivate creative and innovative thinking of scientific research.
Topics: Humans; Bacteria; Internship and Residency; Laboratories; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Lasers
PubMed: 37844040
DOI: 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2023.221127 -
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases Sep 2023Lafora disease (LD) is a fatal form of progressive myoclonic epilepsy caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in EPM2A or NHLRC1. With a few exceptions, the influence of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Lafora disease (LD) is a fatal form of progressive myoclonic epilepsy caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in EPM2A or NHLRC1. With a few exceptions, the influence of genetic factors on disease progression has yet to be confirmed. We present a systematic review and meta-analysis of the known pathogenic variants to identify genotype-phenotype correlations.
METHODS
We collected all reported cases with genetically-confirmed LD containing data on disease history. Pathogenic variants were classified into missense (MS) and protein-truncating (PT). Three genotype classes were defined according to the combination of the variants: MS/MS, MS/PT, and PT/PT. Time-to-event analysis was performed to evaluate survival and loss of autonomy.
RESULTS
250 cases described in 70 articles were included. The mutated gene was NHLRC1 in 56% and EPM2A in 44% of cases. 114 pathogenic variants (67 EPM2A; 47 NHLRC1) were identified. The NHLRC1 genotype PT/PT was associated with shorter survival [HR 2.88; 95% CI 1.23-6.78] and a trend of higher probability of loss of autonomy [HR 2.03, 95% CI 0.75-5.56] at the multivariable Cox regression analysis. The population carrying the homozygous p.Asp146Asn variant of NHLRC1 genotype was confirmed to have a more favourable prognosis in terms of disease duration.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates the existence of prognostic genetic factors in LD, namely the genotype defined according to the functional impact of the pathogenic variants. Although the reasons why NHLRC1 genotype PT/PT is associated with a poorer prognosis have yet to be fully elucidated, it may be speculated that malin plays a pivotal role in LD pathogenesis.
Topics: Humans; Lafora Disease; Prognosis; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Myoclonic Epilepsies, Progressive; Disease Progression; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
PubMed: 37658439
DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02880-6 -
Journal of Nephrology Apr 2024Glomerulonephritis inherently leads to the development of chronic kidney disease. It is the second most common diagnosis in patients requiring renal replacement therapy... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Glomerulonephritis inherently leads to the development of chronic kidney disease. It is the second most common diagnosis in patients requiring renal replacement therapy in the United Kingdom. Metabolomics and proteomics can characterise, identify and quantify an individual's protein and metabolite make-up. These techniques have been optimised and can be performed on samples including kidney tissue, blood and urine. Utilising omic techniques in nephrology can uncover disease pathophysiology and transform the diagnostics and treatment options for glomerulonephritis.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the utility of metabolomics and proteomics using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance in glomerulonephritis.
METHODS
The systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023442092). Standard and extensive Cochrane search methods were used. The latest search date was March 2023. Participants were of any age with a histological diagnosis of glomerulonephritis. Descriptive analysis was performed, and data presented in tabular form. An area under the curve or p-value was presented for potential biomarkers discovered.
RESULTS
Twenty-seven studies were included (metabolomics (n = 9)), and (proteomics (n = 18)) with 1818 participants. The samples analysed were urine (n = 19) blood (n = 4) and biopsy (n = 6). The typical outcome themes were potential biomarkers, disease phenotype, risk of progression and treatment response.
CONCLUSION
This review shows the potential of metabolomic and proteomic analysis to discover new disease biomarkers that may influence diagnostics and disease management. Further larger-scale research is required to establish the validity of the study outcomes, including the several proposed biomarkers.
PubMed: 38689160
DOI: 10.1007/s40620-024-01923-w -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Dec 2023Glehnia littoralis Fr. Schmidtex Miq. is a well-known perennial herb that is used in traditional medicine in China, Japan and Korea. G. littoralis has the effects of... (Review)
Review
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Glehnia littoralis Fr. Schmidtex Miq. is a well-known perennial herb that is used in traditional medicine in China, Japan and Korea. G. littoralis has the effects of treating the lungs with heat, nourishing yin and blood, and acting as an expectorant. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions containing G. littoralis have various clinical applications, such as clearing heat, relieving coughs, treating hepatic fibrosis, resolving phlegm, and treating esophagitis.
AIM OF THE REVIEW
This paper aims to provide a comprehensive and productive review of G. littoralis, mainly including traditional application, ethnopharmacology, chemical composition, pharmacological activities, and quality control.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Literature search was conducted through the Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Springer Link, PubMed, Baidu Scholar, CNKI, and WanFang DATA by using the keywords "Glehnia littoralis", "Radix Glehniae", "Bei Shashen", "Clinical application", "Chemical composition", "Quality control" and "pharmacological action". In addition, information was collected from relevant ancient books, reviews, and documents (1980-2022).
RESULTS
G. littoralis is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with great clinical value and rich resources. More than 186 components, including coumarins, lignans, polyacetylenes, organic acids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, have been isolated and identified from G. littoralis. The pharmacological activities of more than half of these chemicals are yet unknown. Polyacetylenes and coumarins are the most important bioactive compounds responsible for pharmacological activities, such as antiproliferative, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antitussive, immune regulation and analgesic. In this study, the progress in chemical analysis of G. littoralis, including thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS), and HPLC-MS, were summarized.
CONCLUSION
In this paper reviewed the previous literature regarding ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, pharmacological, and quality evaluation of the processing of G. littoralis was reviewed, providing potential reference information for future investigation and clinical applications. However, research on the relationship between chemical constituents and traditional uses of G. littoralis is lacking, and the comprehensive pharmacological effects and mechanisms of G. littoralis require further detailed exploration. In addition, an efficient method for chemical profiling is still unavailable to obtain potent bioactive markers for quality control. Perfect quality standards, which are also the basis for further drug development of G. littoralis, are urgently needed to ensure its quality and clinical application.
Topics: Ethnopharmacology; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Medicine, Traditional; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 37369334
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116831 -
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Aug 2023Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) is an emerging technique that may support multisample collection to enhance therapeutic drug monitoring in solid organ...
BACKGROUND
Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) is an emerging technique that may support multisample collection to enhance therapeutic drug monitoring in solid organ transplantation. This review aimed to assess whether tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid can be reliably assayed using VAMS and to identify knowledge gaps by providing granularity to existing analytical methods and clinical applications.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were accessed for records from January 2014 to April 2022 to identify scientific reports on the clinical validation of VAMS for monitoring tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid concentrations. Data on the study population, sample sources, analytical methods, and comparison results were compiled.
RESULTS
Data from 12 studies were collected, including 9 studies pertaining to tacrolimus and 3 studies on the concurrent analysis of tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid. An additional 14 studies that provided information relevant to the secondary objectives (analytical validation and clinical application) were also included. The results of the clinical validation studies generally met the method agreement requirements described by regulatory agencies, but in many cases, it was essential to apply correction factors.
CONCLUSIONSS
Current evidence suggests that the existing analytical methods that use VAMS require additional optimization steps for the analysis of tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid. The recommendations put forth in this review can help guide future studies in achieving the goal of improving the care of transplant recipients by simplifying multisample collection for the dose optimization of these drugs.
Topics: Humans; Tacrolimus; Mycophenolic Acid; Drug Monitoring; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Organ Transplantation; Blood Specimen Collection; Dried Blood Spot Testing
PubMed: 36728554
DOI: 10.1097/FTD.0000000000001066 -
European Journal of Clinical... Jun 2024Oligella is an uncommon Gram-negative coccobacillus that was first thought to belong to the urogenital tract. The genus Oligella comprises two species that were... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Oligella is an uncommon Gram-negative coccobacillus that was first thought to belong to the urogenital tract. The genus Oligella comprises two species that were recovered from various samples worldwide.
METHODS
We perform a systematic review focusing on Oligella microbiological characteristics, habitat, role in Human microbiome and infection, and antimicrobial susceptibility.
RESULTS
In humans, Oligella is mainly found as part of the microbiome of individuals with predisposing conditions. Oligella were also associated with invasive infections in patients with underlying diseases. Nevertheless, their prevalence remains to determine. Oligella culture requires up to 48 h on agar media in vitro, while urinary samples are usually incubated for 24 h. Consequently, microbiologists should be prompt to prolong the incubation of agar media when the direct examination showed Gram-negative coccobacilli. Oligella is accurately identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, but biochemical methods often provided inconsistent results. Specific guidelines for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Oligella lack but the incubation could require up to 48 h of incubation. In contrast to O. urethralis, which is susceptible to third-generation cephalosporin, O. ureolytica is likely resistant to numerous antimicrobials. Genectic determinants of resistance were identified for beta-lactams and aminoglycosides.
CONCLUSION
Oligella is an uncommon pathogen that can be underrecognized. Microbiologists should be prompt to prolong the incubation of agar media plated with urines when the direct examination showed Gram-negative coccobacilli. Carbapenems should probably be given for the empirical treatment.
Topics: Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Urinary Tract Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
PubMed: 38668878
DOI: 10.1007/s10096-024-04797-9 -
HPB : the Official Journal of the... May 2024Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients exhibit varied responses to multimodal therapy. RNA gene sequencing has unravelled distinct tumour biology subtypes,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients exhibit varied responses to multimodal therapy. RNA gene sequencing has unravelled distinct tumour biology subtypes, forming the focus of this review exploring its impact on survival outcomes.
METHODS
A systematic search across PubMed, Medline, Embase, and CINAHL databases targeted studies assessing long-term overall and disease-free survival in PDAC patients with molecular subtyping.
RESULTS
Fifteen studies including 2731 patients were identified. Molecular subtyping was performed by RNA sequencing and Immunohistochemistry in 14 studies and by Mass Spectrometry in 1 study. Two main tumour subtypes were identified (classical and basal-like or squamous) with basal like associated with poorer outcomes. Further subtypes were identified in individual studies. Superior survival was seen with classical subtype in all other analyses that compared the classical and basal subtypes. High risk stromal subtypes were identified on further analysis of the stroma and were associated with a worse survival independent of the tumour subtype.
CONCLUSION
Molecular subtyping of PDAC specimens can identify patients with high-risk tumour biology and poor survival outcomes. Routine subtyping is limited by the cost of RNA sequencing and the volume of raw data generated which has made its translation into routine clinical practice difficult.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Biomarkers, Tumor; Predictive Value of Tests; Immunohistochemistry; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Disease-Free Survival; Phenotype
PubMed: 38401998
DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2024.02.001