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Journal of the Experimental Analysis of... May 2024In this meta-analysis, we describe a benchmark value of delay and probability discounting reliability and stability that might be used to (a) evaluate the meaningfulness... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
In this meta-analysis, we describe a benchmark value of delay and probability discounting reliability and stability that might be used to (a) evaluate the meaningfulness of clinically achieved changes in discounting and (b) support the role of discounting as a valid and enduring measure of intertemporal choice. We examined test-retest reliability, stability effect sizes (d; Cohen, 1992), and relevant moderators across 30 publications comprising 39 independent samples and 262 measures of discounting, identified via a systematic review of PsychInfo, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. We calculated omnibus effect-size estimates and evaluated the role of proposed moderators using a robust variance estimation meta-regression method. The meta-regression output reflected modest test-retest reliability, r = .670, p < .001, 95% CI [.618, .716]. Discounting was most reliable when measured in the context of temporal constraints, in adult respondents, when using money as a medium, and when reassessed within 1 month. Testing also suggested acceptable stability via nonsignificant and small changes in effect magnitude over time, d = 0.048, p = .31, 95% CI [-0.051, 0.146]. Clinicians and researchers seeking to measure discounting can consider the contexts when reliability is maximized for specific cases.
Topics: Delay Discounting; Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Probability; Choice Behavior
PubMed: 38499476
DOI: 10.1002/jeab.910 -
The American Journal of Sports Medicine Oct 2023Meniscal extrusion has become increasingly utilized when evaluating meniscus root abnormalities. However, no consensus definition or approach exists on how to measure... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Meniscal extrusion has become increasingly utilized when evaluating meniscus root abnormalities. However, no consensus definition or approach exists on how to measure extrusion.
PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent of heterogeneity in meniscal extrusion measurement techniques and reported extrusion values in knees with posterior medial meniscus root tears (PMMRTs). We hypothesized that meniscal extrusion measurement techniques would vary considerably throughout reported studies, with resultant wide-ranging published extrusion values.
STUDY DESIGN
Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. The inclusion criteria consisted of all clinical and cadaveric studies reporting on meniscal extrusion after PMMRTs, excluding studies lacking data in full extension, those presenting only semiquantitative analyses, articles reporting only differences in meniscal extrusion, and review articles.
RESULTS
A total of 45 studies were included. Imaging modality types included magnetic resonance imaging (89%), 3-dimensional reconstruction with computed tomography (7%), linear displacement transducers (2%), and a combination of magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound (2%). The 3 most commonly used landmarks to acquire coronal images for meniscal extrusion measurements were the medial collateral ligament (38%), the midpoint of the anterior-posterior length of the medial meniscus (23%), and the middle of the medial femoral condyle (19%). The pooled mean extrusion values according to the measurement location were 3.5 ± 0.7 mm, 3.9 ± 0.8 mm, and 4.5 ± 2.1 mm, respectively, with no significant differences noted between the modality types ( = .23). The pooled mean meniscal extrusion from all included studies was 3.2 ± 2.0 mm.
CONCLUSION
Substantial variation exists in measurement techniques for meniscal extrusion, particularly as it relates to the coronal cross-sectional reference location. Further studies should aim to provide clear descriptions of the measurement method and have uniform measurement methodology to allow comparisons and pooling between studies.
Topics: Humans; Menisci, Tibial; Cross-Sectional Studies; Tibial Meniscus Injuries; Knee Joint; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 36541434
DOI: 10.1177/03635465221131005 -
Respiratory Care Jun 2024Maximal respiratory pressure is used to assess the inspiratory and expiratory muscles strength by using maximal inspiratory pressure (P) and maximal expiratory pressure...
BACKGROUND
Maximal respiratory pressure is used to assess the inspiratory and expiratory muscles strength by using maximal inspiratory pressure (P) and maximal expiratory pressure (P). This study aimed to summarize and evaluate the reliability and validity of maximal respiratory pressure measurements.
METHODS
This systematic review followed the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) recommendations and was reported by using the PRISMA checklist. Studies published before March 2023 were searched in PubMed and EMBASE databases.
RESULTS
A total of 642 studies were identified by using the online search strategy and manual search (602 and 40, respectively). Twenty-three studies were included. The level of evidence for test-retest reliability was moderate for P and P (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.70 for both), inter-rater reliability was low for P and very low for P (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.70 for both), and the measurement error was very low for P and P. In addition, concurrent validity presented a high level of evidence for P and P (r > 0.80).
CONCLUSIONS
Only concurrent validity of maximal respiratory pressure measured with the manometers evaluated in this review presented a high level of evidence. The quality of clinical studies by using maximal respiratory pressure would be improved if more high-quality studies on measurement properties, by following well established guidelines and the COSMIN initiative, were available.
Topics: Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Maximal Respiratory Pressures; Respiratory Muscles; Muscle Strength; Manometry; Exhalation; Inhalation
PubMed: 38688546
DOI: 10.4187/respcare.10641 -
American Journal of Obstetrics &... Oct 2023Valid and reliable maternity patient-reported experience measures are critical to understanding women's experiences of care. They can support clinical practice, health... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Valid and reliable maternity patient-reported experience measures are critical to understanding women's experiences of care. They can support clinical practice, health service and system performance measurement, and research. The aim of this review is to identify and critically appraise the risk of bias, woman-centricity (content validity), and psychometric properties of maternity patient-reported experience measures published in the scientific literature.
DATA SOURCES
MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, PsycINFO, and Embase were systematically searched for relevant records between January 1, 2010 and July 10, 2021.
STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
We searched for articles describing the instrument development of maternity patient-reported experience measures and measurement properties associated with instrument validity and reliability testing. Articles that described patient-reported experience measures developed outside of the maternity context and articles that did not contribute to the instruments' development, content validation, and/or psychometric evaluation were excluded.
METHODS
Included articles underwent risk of bias, content validity, and psychometric properties assessments in line with the COSMIN (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments) guidance. Patient-reported experience measure results were summarized according to language subgroups. An overall recommendation for use was determined for each patient-reported experience measure language subgroup.
RESULTS
A total of 54 studies reported on the development and psychometric evaluation of 25 maternity patient-reported experience measures, grouped into 45 language subgroups. The quality of evidence underpinning the instruments' development was generally poor. Only 2 (4.4%) patient-reported experience measures reported sufficient content validity, and only 1 (2.2%) received a level "A" recommendation, required for real-world use.
CONCLUSION
Maternity patient-reported experience measures demonstrated poor-quality evidence for their measurement properties and insufficient detail about content validity. Future maternity patient-reported experience measure development needs to prioritize women's involvement in deciding what is relevant, comprehensive, and comprehensible to measure. Improving the content validity of maternity patient-reported experience measures will improve overall validity and reliability and facilitate real-world practice improvements. Standardized patient-reported experience measure implementation also needs to be prioritized to support advancements in clinical practice for women.
PubMed: 37517609
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.101102 -
PloS One 2023Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) measurement is used to diagnose and to guide treatment of diabetes mellitus. Within-subject variability in measured HbA1c affects its... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) measurement is used to diagnose and to guide treatment of diabetes mellitus. Within-subject variability in measured HbA1c affects its clinical utility and interpretation, but no comprehensive systematic review has described within-subject variability.
METHODS
A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed of within-subject variability of HbA1c. Multiple databases were searched from inception to November 2022 for follow-up studies of any design in adults or children, with repeated measures of HbA1c or glycosylated haemoglobin. Title and abstract screening was performed in duplicate, full text screening and data extraction by one reviewer and verified by a second. Risk of bias of included papers was assessed using a modified consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement Instruments (COSMIN) tool. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) results were pooled with a meta-analysis and coefficient of variation (CV) results were described by median and range.
RESULTS
Of 2675 studies identified, 111 met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-five studies reported variability data in healthy patients, 19 in patients with type 1 diabetes and 59 in patients with type 2 diabetes. Median within-subject coefficient of variation (CV) was 0.070 (IQR 0.034 to .09). For healthy subjects the median CV for HbA1c % was 0.017 (IQR 0.013 to 0.022), for patients with type 1 diabetes 0.084 (IQR 0.067 to 0.89) and for type 2 diabetes 0.083 (IQR 0.06 to 0.10). CV increased with mean population HbA1c.
LIMITATIONS
Assessment of variability was not the main aim of many of the included studies and some relevant papers may have been missed. Many included papers had few participants or few repeated measurements.
CONCLUSIONS
Within-subject variability of HbA1c is higher for patients with than without diabetes and increases with mean population HbA1c. This may confound observed relationships between HbA1c variability and health outcomes. Because of its importance in clinical decision-making there is a need for better estimates and understanding of factors associated with of HbA1c variability.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Biological Variation, Individual; Follow-Up Studies
PubMed: 37531355
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289085 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Sep 2023Tai chi has been commonly used as an allied health strategy that can support the improvement of mental health for individuals, yet the comparative effects of Tai chi... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Tai chi has been commonly used as an allied health strategy that can support the improvement of mental health for individuals, yet the comparative effects of Tai chi versus non-mindful exercise on measures of anxiety, depression and general mental health are unknown. This study aims to quantitatively estimate the comparative effects between Tai chi and non-mindful exercise on measures of anxiety, depression, and general mental health and examine whether selected moderators of theoretical or practical importance moderate the effects.
METHODS
Consistent with PRISMA guidelines for conduct and reporting, we located articles published before 31 Dec 2021 using Google Scholar, Pubmed, Web of Science, EBSCO (PsycArticles, PsycExtra, PsycInfo, Academic Search Premier, ERIC, MEDLINE). To be included in the analysis, studies were required to have (1) a design that randomly assigned participants to Tai chi and non-mindful exercise comparison condition or group. (2) anxiety, depression, or general mental health outcome measured at baseline and during or after Tai chi and exercise intervention. Study quality was judged using the tool for assessing study quality and reporting in exercise (TESTEX) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Three separate multilevel meta-analyses with random effects were performed to estimate the comparative effects of Tai chi versus non-mindful exercise on psychometric measures of anxiety, depression, and general mental health respectively. In addition, possible moderators were assessed accordingly for each meta-analysis.
RESULTS
Twenty-three studies that included measures of anxiety (10), depression (14), and general mental health (11) involved 4370 participants (anxiety, 950; depression, 1959; general mental health,1461) and yielded 30 effects on anxiety, 48 on depression, and 27 on general mental health outcomes. Tai Chi training consisted of 1-5 sessions per week, 20-83 min per session, and 6-48 weeks. After adjusting for nesting effects, the results showed significant small-to-moderate effects of Tai chi versus non-mindful exercise on the measure of anxiety (d = 0.28, 95 % CI, 0.08 to 0.48), depression (d = 0.20, 95 % CI, 0.04 to 0.36), and general mental health (d = 0.40, 95 % CI, 0.08 to 0.73). Further moderator analyses showed that baseline general mental health T-score and study quality influenced the effects of Tai chi versus non-mindful exercise on measure of general mental health.
CONCLUSION
Compared to non-mindful exercise, the small body of studies reviewed here tentatively supports that Tai chi is more effective in reducing anxiety and depression and improving general mental health than non-mindful exercise. Higher-quality trials are needed to standardize Tai chi and non-mindful exercise exposure, quantify mindfulness elements in Tai chi practice, and control expectations on conditions to better determine the psychological effects of both exercise properties.
Topics: Humans; Tai Ji; Mental Health; Depression; Mindfulness; Anxiety; Quality of Life
PubMed: 37244543
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.037 -
Evaluation & the Health Professions Oct 2023This systematic review aimed to identify and compare instruments measuring nurses' organizational well-being, summarise the dimensions measured by these instruments, the... (Review)
Review
This systematic review aimed to identify and compare instruments measuring nurses' organizational well-being, summarise the dimensions measured by these instruments, the statistical analysis performed for validity evidence and identify an instrument that comprehensively investigates nurses' organizational well-being. The JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis and the PRISMA checklist were used as guidelines. The search was conducted on Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and Scopus. Critical appraisal and data extraction were drawn on the COSMIN checklist. Dimensions were conceptually synthesized by the measurement concepts' similarity. Twenty-two articles were retrieved and they included 21 instruments that measured nurses' organizational well-being. The instruments vary by dimension number (range 2-19), items (range 12-118) and concept elicitation. A plurality of methodologies has been used in instrument development and assessments of evidence for validity. Only four instruments reported a concurrent criterion validity or a measurement comparison with an already tested-for-validity instrument. Similar dimensions were leadership and support, relationships and communication, work-family balance, work demands, violence, control and autonomy, satisfaction and motivation, work environment and resources, careers, and organizational policy. This review underlines the core areas of the instruments that measure nursing organizational well-being. It allows administrators and researchers to choose the appropriate instruments for monitoring this multidimensional concept.
PubMed: 37857313
DOI: 10.1177/01632787231207018 -
Supportive Care in Cancer : Official... Sep 2023The purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate the use of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System in patients with gastrointestinal cancer,... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate the use of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System in patients with gastrointestinal cancer, as well as provide references for analyzing treatment outcomes, gauging prognostic risk, and assessing clinical symptoms and function in gastrointestinal cancer patients.
METHODS
PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, Embase, and CINAHL were systematically searched using keywords and controlled vocabulary through January 2023.
RESULTS
The scoping review collected 30 studies published from 2012 to 2022, including observational studies (n = 21), interventional studies (n = 4), and mixed studies (n = 5). Outcome indicators included mood, pain, fatigue, sleep, the ability to perform activities of daily living, social functioning, and other health problems.
CONCLUSION
Being a self-report questionnaire, the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System offers a full assessment of patient's symptoms and quality of life, and accurately captures their actual thoughts, feelings, and experiences. Individuals with gastrointestinal cancer made frequent use of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System to provide an accurate measure of their health status.
Topics: Humans; Activities of Daily Living; Quality of Life; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Patient Reported Outcome Measures; Information Systems
PubMed: 37682320
DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-08010-z -
Physical Therapy in Sport : Official... Nov 2023Proprioceptive training and resistance training are physiotherapy treatment methods for Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Efficacy of resistance training with elastic bands compared to proprioceptive training on balance and self-report measures in patients with chronic ankle instability: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Proprioceptive training and resistance training are physiotherapy treatment methods for Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI).
OBJECTIVE
To compare the efficacy of proprioceptive training to resistance training with elastic bands for treating CAI as measured by the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), and the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT).
METHOD
Our systematic study and meta-analysis was based on the PICOS and PRISMA protocols. The PubMed, PEDro, and ScienceDirect databases were searched for randomized clinical trials on proprioceptive and resistance training. Risk of bias was assessed according to Cochrane guidelines and quality of evidence was reported using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach (GRADE).
RESULTS
Five studies involving 259 patients were included in the review. According to the findings of the meta-analysis, proprioceptive training was similarly effective with resistance training in SEBT and FAAM measures. Compared with resistance exercise, proprioceptive training demonstrated some benefits in CAIT scores (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -2.21, 95% CI = -4.05-0.36), but these intervention results were not clinically significant (MDC, MCID score >3 points).
CONCLUSION
Low-quality evidence from studies showed that neither of the interventions was superior on the SEBT or the FAAM scores in individuals with CAI because no clinically significant differences were found. More high-quality studies comparing the two interventions are needed to draw firm conclusions.
Topics: Humans; Resistance Training; Self Report; Ankle; Ankle Joint; Postural Balance; Joint Instability; Chronic Disease
PubMed: 37801793
DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.09.009 -
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Jun 2024Coronoid fractures usually occur in the presence of a significant osseoligamentous injury to the elbow. Fracture size and location correlate with degree of instability... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Coronoid fractures usually occur in the presence of a significant osseoligamentous injury to the elbow. Fracture size and location correlate with degree of instability and many authors have attempted to analyze the effect of fracture variation on decision making and outcome. There remains no standardized technique for measuring coronoid height or fracture size. The aim of this study was to appraise the literature regarding techniques for coronoid height measurement in order to understand variation.
METHODS
Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. A search was performed to identify studies with either a description of coronoid height, fracture size, or bone loss using the terms (Coronoid) AND (Measurement) OR (Size) OR (Height). Articles were shortlisted by screening for topic relevance based on title, abstract and, if required, full-text review. Exclusion criteria were non-English articles, those on nonhuman species or parts other than the ulna coronoid process, and studies that included patients with pre-existing elbow pathology. Shortlisted articles were grouped based on study type, imaging modality, measurement technique, and measurement parameter as well as its location along the coronoid.
RESULTS
Thirty out of the initially identified 494 articles met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-one articles were clinical studies, 8 were cadaveric studies, and 1 combined patients as well as cadavers. A variety of imaging modalities (plain radiographs, 2-dimensional computed tomography [CT], 3-dimensional CT, magnetic resonance imaging or a combination of these) were used with CT scan (either 2-dimensional images or 3-dimensional reconstructions or both) being the most common modality used by 21 studies. Measurement technique also varied from uniplanar linear measurements in 15 studies to multiplanar area and volumetric measurements in 6 studies to techniques describing various angles and indices as an indirect measure of coronoid height in 8 studies. Across the 30 shortlisted studies, 19 different measurement techniques were identified. Fifteen studies measured normal coronoid height while the other 15 measured intact coronoid and/or fracture fragment height. The location of this measurement was also variable between studies with measurements at the apex of the coronoid in 24/30 (80%) of studies. Measurement accuracy was assessed by only 1 study. A total of 12/30 (40%) studies reported on the interobserver and intraobserver reliability of their measurement technique.
CONCLUSION
The systemic review demonstrated considerable variability between studies that report coronoid height or fracture size measurements. This variability makes comparison of coronoid height or fracture measurements and recommendations based on these between studies unreliable. There is need for development of a consistent, easy to use, and reproducible technique for coronoid height and bone loss.
Topics: Humans; Ulna Fractures; Elbow Joint; Elbow Injuries; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ulna
PubMed: 38521484
DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2024.01.049