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Metabolic Syndrome Causing Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review.Cureus Oct 2023Schizophrenia often exhibits characteristics like cognitive deficits, and individuals with the condition are at a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome. The... (Review)
Review
Schizophrenia often exhibits characteristics like cognitive deficits, and individuals with the condition are at a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome. The effect of metabolic syndrome on schizophrenia-related cognitive impairment is still unknown, though. This systematic review aims to investigate the association between metabolic syndrome and cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia, specifically focusing on neurocognitive and social cognitive performance. Schizophrenia significantly strains the public healthcare system since it necessitates tremendous resources and care to support those suffering from the condition. Furthermore, patients with schizophrenia are more susceptible to developing obesity than the general population, leading to a higher possibility of developing metabolic syndrome. The gut microbiota has been recognized as a critical regulator of bidirectional interactions between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. Emerging evidence suggests that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is closely linked to the development of both schizophrenia and obesity, sharing common pathophysiological mechanisms, particularly immune inflammation. In this systematic review, we examine the existing literature to explore the relationship between metabolic syndrome and cognitive impairment in individuals with schizophrenia. By synthesizing available evidence on neurocognitive and social cognitive performance, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the association between metabolic syndrome and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. The findings from this review will contribute to our knowledge of the complex interplay between metabolic abnormalities, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia. This understanding may facilitate the development of novel interventions targeting metabolic syndrome as a potential avenue for improving cognitive outcomes in individuals with schizophrenia.
PubMed: 38022013
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47587 -
Nutrients Sep 2023The prevalence of overweight and obesity is continuously increasing, both in the adult and pediatric populations, posing a substantial challenge to public health.... (Review)
Review
The prevalence of overweight and obesity is continuously increasing, both in the adult and pediatric populations, posing a substantial challenge to public health. Understanding the epidemiological burden of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among children, particularly regarding its complications and long-term effects in adulthood, is crucial for identifying effective preventive measures and enhancing the clinical care of obese children. Therefore, by searching two databases, a systematic review was conducted in order to evaluate studies that specifically addressed the epidemiological MetS impact among overweight/obese European children and adolescents. Overall, 15 studies were considered. The epidemiological data concerning the MetS impact were contingent on the diagnostic criteria used and varied across countries, resulting in a prevalence range of 1.44% to 55.8%. Spanish studies were the most numerous (34%), revealing a country prevalence rate ranging from 2.5% to 19.6%. Males (prevalence range: 1.4-55.8%) and subjects with overweight/obesity (prevalence range: 12.9-55.8%) were mainly affected. Obesity emerged as the main risk factor in the MetS development and the consequent onset of cardiovascular complications and diabetes. Knowing the MetS burden and its risk factors could improve their prevention, detection, and treatment, and guide the development of targeted public health interventions to appropriately address the health needs of younger patients.
PubMed: 37764679
DOI: 10.3390/nu15183895 -
Food & Function Jul 2023: branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) have recently emerged as a group of functional fatty acids that are widely distributed in various foodstuffs, including dairy... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
: branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) have recently emerged as a group of functional fatty acids that are widely distributed in various foodstuffs, including dairy products, ruminant meat products, and fermented foods. Several studies have investigated the differences in the levels of BCFAs among individuals with varying risks of metabolic syndrome (MetS). In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis to explore the relationship between BCFAs and MetS, and to assess the feasibility of BCFAs as potential biomarkers for diagnosing MetS. : in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic literature search on PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library up to March 2023. Both longitudinal and cross-sectional studies were included. The quality of the longitudinal and cross-sectional studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) criteria, respectively. Heterogeneity detection and sensitivity analysis of the included research literature were carried out using R 4.2.1 software with a random-effects model. : Our meta-analysis included 685 participants and revealed a significant negative correlation between the endogenous BCFAs (serum BCFAs and adipose tissue BCFAs) and the risk of developing MetS, with lower BCFA levels found in individuals at a high risk of MetS (WMD: -0.11%, 95% CI: [-0.12, -0.09] %, < 0.0001). However, there was no difference in fecal BCFAs among different MetS risk groups (SMD: -0.36, 95% CI: [-1.32, 0.61], = 0.4686). : our study provides insights into the relationship between BCFAs and the risk of developing MetS, and lays the groundwork for the development of novel biomarkers for diagnosing MetS in the future.
Topics: Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Cross-Sectional Studies; Fatty Acids; Risk Factors; Biomarkers
PubMed: 37378416
DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01320k -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Sep 2023Our aim was to determine the differences in short-term heart rate variability (HRV) between patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) and healthy controls. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Our aim was to determine the differences in short-term heart rate variability (HRV) between patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) and healthy controls.
METHODS
We searched electronic databases for primary works with short-term HRV recordings (≤30 min) that made comparisons between individuals with MS versus healthy controls. This systematic review and meta-analysis (MA) was performed according to PRISMA guidelines and registered at PROSPERO (CRD42022358975).
RESULTS
Twenty-eight articles were included in the qualitative synthesis and nineteen met the criteria for the MA. Patients with MS showed decreased SDNN (-0.36 [-0.44, -0.28], < 0.001), rMSSD (-7.59 [-9.98, -5.19], < 0.001), HF (-0.36 [-0.51, -0.20], < 0.00001) and LF (-0.24 [-0.38, -0.1], = 0.001). In subsequent subanalyses, we found a decrease in SDNN (-0.99 (-1.45, -0.52], < 0.001), rMSSD (-10.18 [-16.85, -3.52], < 0.01) and HF (-1.04 [-1.97, -0.1] < 0.05) in women. In men, only LF showed a significant lower value (-0.26 [-0.5, -0.02], < 0.05). We could not perform MA for non-linear variables.
CONCLUSIONS
Patients with MS showed changes in time-domain analyses, with lower values in SDNN and rMSSD. Regarding frequency-domain analyses, MS patients showed a decrease in HF and LF When sex was used as a grouping variable, the MA was only possible in one of both sexes (men or women) in rMSSD and LF/HF. Lastly, when data for both men and women were available, subanalyses showed a different behavior compared to mixed analyses for SDNN, HF and LF, which might point towards a different impact of MS in men and women.
PubMed: 37762990
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12186051 -
Reproductive Toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) Sep 2023There is emerging evidence suggesting that folate status during pregnancy may play a role in fetal programming of metabolic disease. Therefore, this systematic review... (Review)
Review
There is emerging evidence suggesting that folate status during pregnancy may play a role in fetal programming of metabolic disease. Therefore, this systematic review aims to summarize and systematize the current evidence surrounding the relationship between maternal folate status during pregnancy and offspring metabolic programming, focusing on both animal and human studies. PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched in order to identify studies conducted on pregnant women or in animals studying the association between maternal folate exposure and at least one metabolic syndrome outcome in offspring after birth (weight, blood pressure, glucose regulation parameters, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels). The quality of included studies was assessed using SYRCLE Risk of Bias Tools for animal studies and NHLBI Study Quality Assessment Tools for observational studies and randomized controlled trials. Among the 10 "good" or "fair" studies that investigated excessive folate exposure during the perigestational period, 7 animal studies and 1 human study reported a positive association with development of metabolic outcomes in offspring. On the other hand, 6 of the 7 "good" or "fair" included human studies compared adequate versus low folate exposure, showing a lack of association (n = 3) or a protective effect (n = 3) regarding offspring's dysmetabolism. In conclusion, there is strong evidence from animal trials suggesting that excessive folate intake in early phases of development programs for metabolic dysfunction. While human evidence regarding excessive maternal folate exposure is currently scarce, human studies suggest that folate adequacy in pregnancy is not detrimental for metabolic function of the offspring.
Topics: Animals; Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Folic Acid; Maternal Exposure
PubMed: 37442213
DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108439 -
BMC Oral Health Aug 2023Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) is the most common non-dental pain complaint in the maxillofacial region, which presents a variety of symptoms and signs,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) is the most common non-dental pain complaint in the maxillofacial region, which presents a variety of symptoms and signs, including temporomandibular joints (TMJ) and masticatory muscle pain, joint noise, tinnitus, headaches, irregular or restricted mandibular function, masticatory difficulty, and restricted mouth opening. When comes to the relationship between obesity and TMD, it has remained controversial and inconsistent, therefore, we first conducted this meta-analysis to estimate the unclear relationship between obesity and TMD.
METHODS
Searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Subjects were divided into five groups according to BMI level in this study, including the normal weight group: 18.5 ≤ BMI < 25, overweight group: 25 ≤ BMI < 30, obesity group: BMI ≥ 30, control group: BMI < 25, and overweight and obesity group: BMI ≥ 25. Statistics analyses were conducted using Stata (15.0). The number of PROSPERO was CRD42022368315.
RESULTS
Eight studies were included in this study, and six articles with a total of 74,056 participants were synthesized for meta-analysis. Compared to normal weight individuals, overweight and obesity together decreased the risk of TMD (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.46-0.95), and it was significantly decreased by obesity alone (OR = 0.58). Moreover, it was lower in obesity compared with control subjects (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.73-0.94). Furthermore, in overweight and obese individuals, it was much lower in obesity than in overweight (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.71-0.94).
CONCLUSIONS
Obesity is not a risk factor for TMD, and maybe a protective factor for TMD, of which patients with larger BMI are less likely to suffer from TMD pain. Therefore, the value of BMI should be taken into consideration in the assessment of TMD.
Topics: Humans; Overweight; Obesity; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Risk Factors; Pain
PubMed: 37644424
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03322-2 -
Periodontitis severity relationship with metabolic syndrome: A systematic review with meta-analysis.Oral Diseases Oct 2023The objective of this study was to investigate the association between periodontitis severity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) through systematic review, registered in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The objective of this study was to investigate the association between periodontitis severity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) through systematic review, registered in PROSPERO: CRD42021232120. Selected articles were independently chosen by three reviewers from six databases, including using article reference lists, up until March 2022. Eligible studies were observational, without language limitation, and in subjects aged at least 18 years. The methodological quality of selected studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Random effects models calculated summary measurements (odds ratio-OR, 95% confidence interval, 95%CI). The I test evaluated the statistical heterogeneity of the data. Sensitivity, subgroup, and meta-regression analyses were performed. For the reliability of evidence, the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations tool was used. A total of 2133 records were identified, and 14 studies were included comprising 24,567 participants. The summary odds ratio showed a positive association between individuals with moderate (OR = 1.26; 95%CI = 2.10-5.37; I = 45.85%), and severe periodontitis (OR = 1.50; 95%CI:1.28-1.71; I = 56.46%), and MetS. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses showed that study effect size was influenced by year of publication, study design, and MetS diagnostic criteria, contributing to inter-study variability. The findings showed that moderate and severe levels of periodontitis are associated with MetS, suggesting a possible dose-response effect.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Adult; Metabolic Syndrome; Reproducibility of Results; Periodontitis; Odds Ratio; Databases, Factual
PubMed: 36346175
DOI: 10.1111/odi.14428 -
World Journal of Hepatology Jul 2023Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. IBS and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are highly prevalent entities...
BACKGROUND
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. IBS and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are highly prevalent entities worldwide and may share similar mechanisms including gut dysbiosis, impaired intestinal mucosal barrier and immune system activation.
AIM
To systematically review their association according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Review and Meta-analyses guidelines.
METHODS
PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for relevant papers. Manual searches were also performed.
RESULTS
Six studies were included. Both IBS and NAFLD subjects had significantly more metabolic risk factors like hypertension, obesity, dyslipidaemia and diabetes. Our review showed that 23.2% to 29.4% of NAFLD patients had IBS. IBS was significantly higher in NAFLD patients compared with patients without NAFLD (23.2% 12.5%, < 0.01). A higher proportion of IBS patients had NAFLD (65.8% to 74.0%). IBS patients were three times more likely to have NAFLD compared with non-IBS patients ( < 0.001). Two studies showed a significant correlation between the severity of IBS and NAFLD. The proportion of NAFLD subjects with IBS increased with NAFLD severity.
CONCLUSION
Further prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the relationship and shared pathways between IBS and NAFLD, potentially leading to the development of future therapeutics.
PubMed: 37547029
DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i7.925 -
Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine :... Oct 2023Studies on the associations between sleep duration and metabolic syndrome in adolescents and children have reported mixed results. To shed more light on this issue, we... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
STUDY OBJECTIVES
Studies on the associations between sleep duration and metabolic syndrome in adolescents and children have reported mixed results. To shed more light on this issue, we conducted this meta-analysis by synthesizing the results of previous studies.
METHODS
Studies were retrieved from PubMed, Ovid, Cochrane, and Embase from inception to October 2021. Fixed-effects models and random-effects models were used to analyze the effects of sleep time on metabolic syndrome in adolescents.
RESULTS
Data from 7 studies, including 13,305 adolescents and children, were meta-analyzed. Compared with the control group, short sleep durations were not associated with a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adolescents and children using a random-effects model (odds ratio = 0.92, 95% confidence interval = 0.48-1.37, = 56.5%, = .378). Using a fixed-effects model on long sleep duration, this association was statistically significant (odds ratio = 0.57, 95% confidence interval = 0.38-0.76, = 0.0%, < .001) as a protective factor compared with shorter sleep duration.
CONCLUSIONS
Long sleep duration, instead of short sleep duration, was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adolescents and children.
CITATION
Xu Y, Hua J, Wang J, Shen Y. Sleep duration is associated with metabolic syndrome in adolescents and children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. . 2023;19(10):1835-1843.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Child; Metabolic Syndrome; Sleep Duration; Risk Factors; Sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 37185064
DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.10622 -
The Science of the Total Environment Nov 2023With the increasing incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) worldwide and no consistent results on PCBs and MetS. A meta-analysis to explore their relationship was... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
With the increasing incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) worldwide and no consistent results on PCBs and MetS. A meta-analysis to explore their relationship was conducted. Given the high correlation and overlap of MetS with diabetes, analysis of diabetes risk, was used as a supplement to compare with MetS. Seven studies included MetS, 15 studies for diabetes, and one study included both outcomes. It was found that PCBs may not be a risk factor for MetS, but their high heterogeneity indicates that they are under-represented. In addition, our results showed that total PCBs might be a protective factor against diabetes. In the whole blood subgroup, which can reflect the accumulation of more than one body load, heterogeneity was reduced, and its OR value suggested that PCBs increased the risk of MetS in the whole blood biomaterial. DL-PCBs were positively associated with MetS and diabetes, while NDL-PCBs were negatively associated with diabetes. In the subgroup analysis of PCBs homologs, DL-PCB-126 and DL-PCB-118 were risk factors for MetS and diabetes, respectively. In addition, PCB-153 and 180 showed a dose-response relationship between them and diabetes mellitus, respectively. The results of total analysis of MetS and diabetes mellitus and subgroup analysis of PCBs were mixed, and this reason might be attributed to the different mechanisms of action and effect sizes of different PCBs, so based on subgroup results and in vivo and in vitro experiments, we considered PCBs to be a risk factor for MetS and diabetes. Due to various reasons, there are still many shortcomings in the evaluation of PCBs impact on human health, and more high-quality research are needed to further explore the role of PCBs of different species and congeners in MetS and diabetes.
Topics: Humans; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Metabolic Syndrome; Diabetes Mellitus; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37506918
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165773