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Journal of Affective Disorders Oct 2023Despite a surge in research on self-injury in the last decade, a summary of research findings about the development of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) over time in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Despite a surge in research on self-injury in the last decade, a summary of research findings about the development of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) over time in community youth samples is not yet present in the scientific literature. This study aims to summarize the empirical literature on this topic, examining both the occurrence (Study 1) and frequency (Study 2) of NSSI over time, and for this reason, a Systematic Review and Bayesian Meta-Analysis were conducted.
METHODS
Following the PRISMA guidelines, the longitudinal studies included in the systematic review consisted of 41 papers (Study 1 = 16; Study 2 = 25). Only studies with available data were included in the meta-analysis (Study 1 = 12; Study 2 = 11).
RESULTS
First, the findings highlight limits related to methodological aspects, the design of the studies, and the availability of data. Meta-analytic results shows that across development, the frequency (i.e., not the occurrence) of NSSI increases for the group of younger adolescents, remains stable in the group of middle adolescents, and it decreases for older adolescents.
LIMITATIONS
This study highlights some limitations that can be summarized in three different macro categories: the first refers to methodological aspects (e.g., the lifetime prevalence of NSSI), the second to the design of the studies (e.g., not homogeneous cohort; short-term covered), and the third to the availability of data.
CONCLUSIONS
The current meta-analysis tries to shed light on the longitudinal research on NSSI behavior and how this behavior develops in terms of both occurrence and frequency, providing practical and methodological indications for future research.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Bayes Theorem; Self-Injurious Behavior; Prevalence; Suicidal Ideation
PubMed: 37479039
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.091 -
Allergy Sep 2023In 2014, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology published prevalence estimates for food allergy (FA) and food sensitization (FS) to the so-called eight... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
In 2014, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology published prevalence estimates for food allergy (FA) and food sensitization (FS) to the so-called eight big food allergens (i.e. cow's milk, egg, wheat, soy, peanut, tree nuts, fish and shellfish) in Europe for studies published between 2000 and 2012. The current work provides 10-year updated prevalence estimates for these food allergens. A protocol was registered on PROSPERO before starting the research (reference number CRD42021266657). Six databases were searched for studies published 2012-2021, added to studies published up to 2012, resulting in a total of 93 studies. Most studies were graded as at moderate risk of bias. The overall pooled estimates for all age groups of self-reported lifetime prevalence were as follows: cow's milk (5.7%, 95% confidence interval 4.4-6.9), egg (2.4%, 1.8-3.0), wheat (1.6%, 0.9-2.3), soy (0.5%, 0.3-0.7), peanut (1.5%, 1.0-2.1), tree nuts (0.9%, 0.6-1.2), fish (1.4%, 0.8-2.0) and shellfish (0.4%, 0.3-0.6). The point prevalence of food challenge-verified allergy were as follows: cow's milk (0.3%, 0.1-0.5), egg (0.8%, 0.5-1.2), wheat (0.1%, 0.01-0.2), soy (0.3%, 0.1-0.4), peanut (0.1%, 0.0-0.2), tree nuts (0.04%, 0.02-0.1), fish (0.02%, 0.0-0.1) and shellfish (0.1%, 0.0-0.2). With some exceptions, the prevalence of allergy to common foods did not substantially change during the last decade; variations by European regions were observed.
Topics: Humans; Food Hypersensitivity; Prevalence; Europe; Clinical Protocols; Incidence; Clinical Studies as Topic; Age Factors; Child; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Child, Preschool; Adolescent
PubMed: 37405695
DOI: 10.1111/all.15801 -
International Wound Journal Aug 2023The aim of this study was to summarise the best evidence for the prevention and control of pressure ulcer at the support surface based on the site and stage of the...
The aim of this study was to summarise the best evidence for the prevention and control of pressure ulcer at the support surface based on the site and stage of the pressure ulcer in order to reduce the incidence of pressure ulcer and improve the quality of care. In accordance with the top-down principle of the 6 S model of evidence-based resources, evidence from domestic and international databases and websites on the prevention and control of pressure ulcer on support surfaces, including randomised controlled trials, systematic reviews, evidence-based guidelines, and evidence summaries, was systematically searched for the period from January 2000 to July 2022. Evidence grading based on the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Health Care Centre Evidence Pre-grading System (2014 version), Australia. The outcomes mainly embraced 12 papers, including three randomised controlled trials, three systematic reviews, three evidence-based guidelines, and three evidence summaries. The best evidence summarised included a total of 19 recommendations in three areas: type of support surface selection assessment, use of support surfaces, and team management and quality control.
Topics: Humans; Pressure Ulcer; Beds; Incidence; Australia; Quality Control
PubMed: 36891753
DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14109 -
Gastroenterology Apr 2024We aimed to assess the secular trend of the global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection in adults and children/adolescents and to show its relation to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND & AIMS
We aimed to assess the secular trend of the global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection in adults and children/adolescents and to show its relation to that of gastric cancer incidence.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to calculate overall prevalence, adjusted by multivariate meta-regression analysis. The incidence rates of gastric cancer were derived from the Global Burden of Disease Study and Cancer Incidence in Five Continents.
RESULTS
Of the 16,976 articles screened, 1748 articles from 111 countries were eligible for analysis. The crude global prevalence of H pylori has reduced from 52.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 49.6%-55.6%) before 1990 to 43.9% (95% CI, 42.3%-45.5%) in adults during 2015 through 2022, but was as still as high as 35.1% (95% CI, 30.5%-40.1%) in children and adolescents during 2015 through 2022. Secular trend and multivariate regression analyses showed that the global prevalence of H pylori has declined by 15.9% (95% CI, -20.5% to -11.3%) over the last 3 decades in adults, but not in children and adolescents. Significant reduction of H pylori prevalence was observed in adults in the Western Pacific, Southeast Asian, and African regions. However, H pylori prevalence was not significantly reduced in children and adolescents in any World Health Organization regions. The incidence of gastric cancer has decreased globally and in various countries where the prevalence of H pylori infection has declined.
CONCLUSIONS
The global prevalence of H pylori infection has declined during the last 3 decades in adults, but not in children and adolescents. The results raised the hypothesis that the public health drive to reduce the prevalence of H pylori as a strategy to reduce the incidence of gastric cancer in the population should be confirmed in large-scale clinical trials.
Topics: Adult; Child; Adolescent; Humans; Incidence; Helicobacter pylori; Stomach Neoplasms; Helicobacter Infections; Prevalence
PubMed: 38176660
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.12.022 -
The British Journal of Dermatology Dec 2023Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the leading cause of the global burden from skin disease; no study has provided global and country-specific epidemiological estimates of AD.
BACKGROUND
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the leading cause of the global burden from skin disease; no study has provided global and country-specific epidemiological estimates of AD.
OBJECTIVES
To quantify global, regional and country-specific estimates of the epidemiology of AD.
METHODS
A comprehensive search for epidemiological studies in AD was conducted in four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure). A Bayesian hierarchical linear mixed model was constructed to calculate epidemiological estimates of AD considering the heterogeneity of regions, countries, type of diagnoses and age strata.
RESULTS
In total, 344 studies met the inclusion criteria. Incidence varied substantially with the location and age of the surveyed participants. The global prevalence of AD and the population affected by AD were estimated to be 2.6% [95% uncertainty interval (UI) 1.9-3.5] and 204.05 million people, respectively. Around 101.27 million adults and 102.78 million children worldwide have AD, corresponding to prevalence rates of 2.0% (95% UI 1.4-2.6) and 4.0% (95% UI 2.8-5.3), respectively. Females were more likely to suffer from AD than males: the global prevalence of AD in females was 2.8% (95% UI 2.0-3.7%) and affected 108.29 million people, while in males the corresponding estimates were 2.4% (95% UI 1.7-3.3%) and 95.76 million people.
CONCLUSIONS
Epidemiological AD data are lacking in 41.5% of countries worldwide. The epidemiology of AD varies substantially with age and sex and is distributed unequally across geographical regions.
Topics: Adult; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Bayes Theorem; Dermatitis, Atopic; Global Burden of Disease; Global Health; Incidence; Prevalence
PubMed: 37705227
DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad339 -
International Wound Journal Nov 2023Venous leg ulcers (VLU) represent a major public health challenge. Little is known about the prevalence and incidence of VLU internationally. Published studies are... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Venous leg ulcers (VLU) represent a major public health challenge. Little is known about the prevalence and incidence of VLU internationally. Published studies are usually reporting different estimates because of disparities in study designs and measurement methods. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to identify the prevalence and incidence of VLU internationally and to characterise the population as reported in these studies. Studies were identified from searches in Medline (PubMed), CINAHL Complete (EBSCOhost), Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, LiSSa (Littérature Scientifique en Santé), Google Scholar and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews up to November 2022. Studies were included if their primary outcomes were reported as a period prevalence or point prevalence or cumulative incidence or incidence VLU rate. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria, 10 reporting estimates of prevalence, three reporting both prevalence and incidence estimates and one incidence. All were included in meta-analyses. The results show a pooled prevalence of 0.32% and a pooled incidence of 0.17%. Our results highlighted an extreme heterogeneity across effect sizes for both prevalence and incidence, which prevent a meaningful interpretation of pooled indexes and argue for further studies with specific prevalence-type reported and target population under study.
Topics: Humans; Prevalence; Incidence; Varicose Ulcer
PubMed: 37293810
DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14272 -
Current Problems in Cardiology Aug 2023Cysticercosis is a parasitic tissue infection caused by larval cysts of the tapeworm Taenia solium. These larval cysts infect brain, muscle, or other tissue, and are a... (Review)
Review
Cysticercosis is a parasitic tissue infection caused by larval cysts of the tapeworm Taenia solium. These larval cysts infect brain, muscle, or other tissue, and are a major cause of adult-onset seizures in most low-income countries with tropical climate. Prevalence it's around 50 million people. Although cardiovascular system is not the most affected, this disease can also be associated with multiple and randomly distributed cysts in the subpericardium, subendocardium and myocardium in up to 25% of infected patients. Most cardiac cysticercosis' cases are asymptomatic, but it can manifest with ventricular arrhythmias and conduction disorders. Area Covered: The "Neglected Tropical Diseases and other Infectious Diseases affecting the Heart" (NET-Heart project) is an initiative by the Emerging Leaders group of the Interamerican Society of Cardiology to systematically review all these endemic conditions affecting the heart. A systematic review was conducted following preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis guidelines and including articles published in MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, PubMed and LILACS databases. A total of 41 papers were included in this review. Expert Opinion: In the areas of greatest prevalence, unhealthiness and poverty favor the development of this disease, which highlights the need to establish global health policies that reduce morbidity and mortality, economic losses of the affected population, and health costs related to hospitalizations for cardiovascular involvement. Authors provide an algorithm to evaluate the possibility of Cysticercosis' cardiovascular complications.
Topics: Animals; Adult; Humans; Cysticercosis; Taenia solium; Prevalence; Cardiac Conduction System Disease; Heart Diseases
PubMed: 35395330
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101195 -
Journal of Psychiatric Research Aug 2023Rapid-cycling in bipolar disorder (RC-BD) is associated with greater illness morbidity and inferior treatment response but many aspects remain unclear, prompting this... (Review)
Review
Rapid-cycling in bipolar disorder (RC-BD) is associated with greater illness morbidity and inferior treatment response but many aspects remain unclear, prompting this systematic review of its definitions, prevalence, and clinical characteristics. We searched multiple literature databases through April 2022 for systematic reviews or meta-analyses on RC-BD and extracted associated definitions, prevalence, risk-factors, and clinical outcomes. We assessed study quality (NIH Quality Assessment Tool) and levels of evidence (Oxford criteria). Of 146 identified reviews, 22 fulfilling selection criteria were included, yielding 30 studies involving 13,698 BD patients, of whom 3777 (27.6% [CI: 26.8-28.3]) were considered RC-BD, as defined in 14 reports by ≥4 recurrences/year within the past 12 months or in any year, without considering responsiveness to treatment. Random-effects meta-analytically pooled one-year prevalence was 22.3% [CI: 14.4-32.9] in 12 reports and lifetime prevalence was 35.5% [27.6-44.3] in 18 heterogenous reports. Meta-regression indicated greater lifetime prevalence of RC-BD among women than men (p=0.003). Association of RC-BD with suicide attempts, and unsatisfactory response to mood-stabilizers was supported by strong evidence (Level 1); associations with childhood maltreatment, mixed-features, female sex, and type-II BD had moderate evidence (Level 2). Other factors: genetic predisposition, metabolic disturbances or hypothyroidism, antidepressant exposure, predominant depressive polarity (Level 3), along with greater illness duration and immune-inflammatory dysfunction (Level 4) require further study. RC-BD was consistently recognized as having high prevalence (22.3%-35.5% of BD cases) and inferior treatment response. Identified associated factors can inform clinical practice. Long-term illness-course, metabolic factors, and optimal treatment require further investigation.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Antidepressive Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Hypothyroidism; Prevalence; Systematic Reviews as Topic; Meta-Analysis as Topic
PubMed: 37429185
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.06.021 -
Journal of the American Medical... Nov 2023The primary objective of this study was to systematically review and meta-analyze the incidence and consequential morbidity and mortality from falls in skilled nursing... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
The primary objective of this study was to systematically review and meta-analyze the incidence and consequential morbidity and mortality from falls in skilled nursing facilities. Our secondary objective is to synthesize current evidence on risk factors for injurious falls.
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS
Older adults residing in skilled nursing facilities or similar settings.
METHODS
We completed study screening, data extraction, and quality assessment in duplicate. Random effects models were used for meta-analysis of fall incidence rates and proportions of outcomes per fall. Sensitivity analysis and meta-regression were completed to assess differences based on study design, quality, and population characteristics. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale and Cochrane Risk of Bias tools were used to assess quality of observational and intervention-based studies, respectively. The GRADE tool was used to evaluate strength of evidence for fall risk factors.
RESULTS
We identified 3103 unique references, of which 38 were included in systematic review and 37 in meta-analysis. Pooled incidence of falls was 121 per 100 person-years (95% CI 86-170). Outcomes of transfer to hospital, admission to hospital, overall injury, head injury, fracture, 30-day mortality, death in hospital, and disability were reported by included studies. Sensitivity analysis indicated no significant difference in fall rates between study designs. Meta-regression indicated no significant relationship between fall rate and age or sex; however, a weak positive correlation was identified with increasing prevalence of dementia. No fall risk factors were supported by high-quality evidence.
CONCLUSION/IMPLICATIONS
Our study confirms that falls in skilled nursing facilities are common and cause significant morbidity, mortality and health system use. As populations in high-income countries age, falls will become increasingly prevalent. Future research should be directed at preventing injurious falls and determining when hospital care will benefit a faller.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Accidental Falls; Incidence; Skilled Nursing Facilities; Fractures, Bone; Hospitals
PubMed: 37625452
DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.07.012 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is rare in childhood and adolescence although it represents the most frequent endocrine malignancy in this population. DTC includes... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is rare in childhood and adolescence although it represents the most frequent endocrine malignancy in this population. DTC includes both papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). Most pediatric DTCs are PTCs, while FTCs are rare. To date, no systematic reviews on the global epidemiology of pediatric and adolescent DTC have been published. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to estimate the overall incidence and prevalence of DTCs in patients aged 0-19 years.
METHODS
The systematic research was conducted from January 2000 to December 2021 through MEDLINE via PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases. Two separate meta-analyses were performed for PTC and FTC.
RESULTS
After the selection phase, a total of 15 studies (3,332 screened) met the inclusion criteria and are reported in the present systematic review. Five studies were conducted in Europe, five in North America, two in South America, one in Asia, one reported data for 49 countries and territories across the five continents, and one from both the USA and Africa. Most of the studies ( = 14) reported data obtained from national registries, and only one provided information collected from hospital medical records. Beyond the actual trend over time, our study reported a pooled global incidence rate (IR) of PTC and FTC in the pediatric age of 0.46 (95% CI: 0.33-0.59) and 0.07 (95% CI: 0.02-0.12) per 100,000 person-years, respectively. The highest IRs were recorded among Caucasian girls, and the lowest in black or other races/ethnicities.
CONCLUSION
Our data confirm that DTC in the pediatric population is a rare condition. The pooled IRs of the studies included in this meta-analysis are ~0.5 for PTC, which is the most common histological type when both genders and all age groups are considered. The implementation of a prospective international registry on pediatric DTC, as part of the wider European Registries for Rare Endocrine Conditions, has been recently proposed. In addition to providing relevant information on the clinical behavior of this rare disease, standardization of data collection will be pivotal to fill current gaps and allow an accurate estimation of the real incidence and risk factors of DTC.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Child; Male; Female; Incidence; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Carcinoma, Papillary; Thyroid Neoplasms; Adenocarcinoma, Follicular; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary
PubMed: 37795368
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1270518