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Clinical Oral Investigations Dec 2023The aim of this systematic review was to compare the expectation and perception of pain reported by patients before and after the installation of interradicular... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this systematic review was to compare the expectation and perception of pain reported by patients before and after the installation of interradicular mini-implants.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Electronic search was performed in six databases. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or non-randomized controlled clinical trials (nRCTs); studies using mini-implants in the interradicular region; assessment of pain intensity by visual analogue or numerical scale. The risk of bias assessment was based on the Rob 2 tool and Robins-I.
RESULTS
A total of 1566 articles were retrieved, and 21 met the eligibility criteria. Six were classified as high risk, one as critical and the other one as uncertain, according to the Robins-I tool. In articles evaluated by the Rob2 tool, ten were classified as serious risk and three as moderate risk. A meta-analysis was also performed. Weighted means were calculated among the studies using the random-effects model and forest plots were generated. Heterogeneity was assessed through the Q test and I statistics. It was observed, with moderate evidence, that on a scale of 0 to 10, the pain expectation (effect size 4.75) is higher than that effectively pain generated by the procedure (effect size 1.94).
CONCLUSION
Pain expectation was greater than that actually generated by the procedure, being almost non-existent 7 days postoperatively.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This study may help the clinician to reassure the patient regarding the sensations that could be experienced during and after the installation.
Topics: Humans; Motivation; Dental Implants; Pain; Pain Perception
PubMed: 37864604
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05311-9 -
Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... Feb 2024Bariatric surgery and weight loss devices have been considered as a therapeutic option in some settings for adolescents with severe obesity. We conducted a systematic... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Bariatric surgery and weight loss devices have been considered as a therapeutic option in some settings for adolescents with severe obesity. We conducted a systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis of factors affecting adolescent and caregiver decision-making processes around such interventions, as well as post-surgery demands and challenges, so that their experiences might be better understood and improved support given. No previous qualitative evidence synthesis has been published on this topic.
METHODS AND FINDINGS
We searched 10 bibliographic databases and followed-up gray literature and citations sources. We performed a qualitative evidence synthesis on 19 primary qualitative research studies in adolescents aged 13 years or older. They reported diverse motivations and incentives for considering these interventions, including the physical and social problems resulting from living with obesity, and an awareness of the benefits and limitations of interventions. They reported that they need: information, physical and emotional support and, in some cases, financial assistance. There was high confidence in a majority of these findings (GRADE CERQual).
CONCLUSIONS
We found that supportive interventions accompanying bariatric surgery should be in place to offer: practical help; address anxieties and uncertainties; and facilitate both appropriate decision-making and the achievement of young people's desired outcomes.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Caregivers; Pediatric Obesity; Bariatric Surgery; Obesity, Morbid; Weight Loss; Qualitative Research
PubMed: 37916534
DOI: 10.1111/obr.13654 -
The Journal of Adolescent Health :... Mar 2024To systematically review evidence evaluating cannabis-related knowledge and perception of risk in children and adolescents. We systematically searched Medline, PsycINFO,... (Review)
Review
To systematically review evidence evaluating cannabis-related knowledge and perception of risk in children and adolescents. We systematically searched Medline, PsycINFO, and EMBASE using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses methodology. 133 studies from around the world (including ages 10-18 yrs) met inclusion criteria, with 70% meeting grade 2C quality. Increased knowledge and perception of risk of cannabis frequently correlated with lower levels of current use and intent to use. Studies examining correlations over time generally demonstrated increased adolescent cannabis use and decreased perception of risk. Included prevention-based interventions often enhanced knowledge and/or perception of risk in adolescents exposed to the intervention. Studies exploring outcomes relating to legislative changes for recreational marijuana use demonstrated considerable heterogeneity regarding knowledge and perception of risk whereas studies that focused on medicinal marijuana legislative changes overwhelmingly demonstrated a decrease in perception of risk post legalization. Increased knowledge and perception of risk of cannabis in adolescents often correlate with lower levels of current use and intention to use in the future. Further study and implementation of public health and clinically-oriented strategies that seek to increase knowledge among youth about the potential health harms of cannabis use should continue and be prioritized.
Topics: Child; Adolescent; Humans; Cannabis; Marijuana Abuse; Medical Marijuana; Intention; Perception
PubMed: 37966406
DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.09.014 -
The Journal of Nursing Administration Oct 2023In an increasingly competitive healthcare climate, ensuring an innovative nursing workforce is essential for organizational success and survival.
OBJECTIVE
In an increasingly competitive healthcare climate, ensuring an innovative nursing workforce is essential for organizational success and survival.
BACKGROUND
The authors aimed to evaluate the literature examining the association between leadership styles and innovative behaviors in the nursing workforce.
METHODS
A systematic review of articles from 5 databases was conducted from August 2022 to October 2022.
RESULTS
A total of 21 articles published in the English language were included in the review. This study provides evidence for the vital role of "relationship-oriented" leadership styles in fostering innovative behaviors among nurses. However, more research is needed to examine how "task-oriented" leadership styles contribute to innovativeness in nurses. Twelve mediators linking leadership styles to healthcare workers' innovative behaviors were identified and clustered into motivation-based, relation-based, and affective mediators.
CONCLUSION
Organizational strategies to foster relationship-based leadership styles among healthcare leaders are vital to support nurses' innovative behaviors.
Topics: Humans; Leadership; Motivation; Databases, Factual; Health Personnel; Nurses
PubMed: 37747178
DOI: 10.1097/NNA.0000000000001332 -
Journal of Medical Internet Research Aug 2023The prevalence of misinformation poses a substantial threat to individuals' daily lives, necessitating the deployment of effective remedial approaches. One promising... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The prevalence of misinformation poses a substantial threat to individuals' daily lives, necessitating the deployment of effective remedial approaches. One promising strategy is psychological inoculation, which pre-emptively immunizes individuals against misinformation attacks. However, uncertainties remain regarding the extent to which psychological inoculation effectively enhances the capacity to differentiate between misinformation and real information.
OBJECTIVE
To reduce the potential risk of misinformation about digital health, this study aims to examine the effectiveness of psychological inoculation in countering misinformation with a focus on several factors, including misinformation credibility assessment, real information credibility assessment, credibility discernment, misinformation sharing intention, real information sharing intention, and sharing discernment.
METHODS
Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, we conducted a meta-analysis by searching 4 databases (Web of Science, APA PsycINFO, Proquest, and PubMed) for empirical studies based on inoculation theory and outcome measure-related misinformation published in the English language. Moderator analyses were used to examine the differences in intervention strategy, intervention type, theme, measurement time, team, and intervention design.
RESULTS
Based on 42 independent studies with 42,530 subjects, we found that psychological inoculation effectively reduces misinformation credibility assessment (d=-0.36, 95% CI -0.50 to -0.23; P<.001) and improves real information credibility assessment (d=0.20, 95% CI 0.06-0.33; P=.005) and real information sharing intention (d=0.09, 95% CI 0.03-0.16; P=.003). However, psychological inoculation does not significantly influence misinformation sharing intention (d=-0.35, 95% CI -0.79 to 0.09; P=.12). Additionally, we find that psychological inoculation effectively enhances credibility discernment (d=0.20, 95% CI 0.13-0.28; P<.001) and sharing discernment (d=0.18, 95% CI 0.12-0.24; P<.001). Regarding health misinformation, psychological inoculation effectively decreases misinformation credibility assessment and misinformation sharing intention. The results of the moderator analyses showed that content-based, passive inoculation was more effective in increasing credibility and sharing intention. The theme of climate change demonstrates a stronger effect on real information credibility. Comparing intervention types showed that pre-post interventions are more effective for misinformation credibility assessment, while post-only interventions are better for credibility discernment.
CONCLUSIONS
This study indicated that psychological inoculation enhanced individuals' ability to discern real information from misinformation and share real information. Incorporating psychological inoculation to cultivate an informed public is crucial for societal resilience against misinformation threats in an age of information proliferation. As a scalable and cost-effective intervention strategy, institutions can apply psychological inoculation to mitigate potential misinformation crises.
Topics: Humans; Intention; Communication; Information Dissemination; Language; Outcome Assessment, Health Care
PubMed: 37560816
DOI: 10.2196/49255 -
Psychiatry Research Nov 2023While pharmacological strategies appear to be ineffective in treating long-term addiction, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is emerging as a promising... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
While pharmacological strategies appear to be ineffective in treating long-term addiction, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is emerging as a promising new tool for the attenuation of craving among multiple substance dependent populations.
METHOD
A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted on the efficacy and tolerability of rTMS in treating cocaine use disorder (CUD). Relevant papers published in English through November 30 2022 were identified, searching the electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library.
RESULTS
Eight studies matched inclusion criteria. The best findings were reported by the RCTs conducted at high-frequency (≥5 Hz) multiple sessions of rTMS delivered over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC): a significant decrease in self-reported cue-induced cocaine craving and lower cocaine craving scores and a considerable amelioration in the tendency to act rashly under extreme negative emotions (impulsivity) were found in the active group compared to controls.
CONCLUSION
Although still scant and heterogeneous, the strongest evidence so far on the use of rTMS on individuals with CUD support the high frequency stimulation over the left DLPFC as a well tolerated treatment of cocaine craving and impulsivity.
Topics: Humans; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Prefrontal Cortex; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Cocaine; Substance-Related Disorders; Craving; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37783092
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115491 -
International Journal of Gynaecology... Mar 2024Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common chronic condition in women of child-bearing age. There is currently no effective treatment, so early and long-term... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common chronic condition in women of child-bearing age. There is currently no effective treatment, so early and long-term management is essential. However, there are many problems in the practice of disease management in women with PCOS that make it difficult to achieve good outcomes.
OBJECTIVE
To explore women's experience of PCOS management and identify the relevant facilitators and barriers to management.
SEARCH STRATEGY
A structured search was undertaken in five bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane) from the date of establishment of the database up to December 2022.
SELECTION CRITERIA
All qualitative and mixed-methods studies available in English describing the experience of PCOS management from the patients' perspective were included.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
The Joanna Briggs Institute Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument was used to appraise study quality. The evidence was synthesized using a pragmatic meta-aggregative approach guided by the capability, opportunity, and motivation model of behavior (COM-B).
MAIN RESULTS
A total of 13 studies were included with 85 equivocal findings and 12 credible findings. The findings were meta-aggregated into three themes: (1) capability of women with PCOS, including patients' attitudes toward disease and management, knowledge, and skills of the disease; (2) opportunities in PCOS management, including information about PCOS, diagnostic delay, disease characteristics, disease management plan, and logistical and environmental problems; and (3) motivation in PCOS management, including impact of symptoms, perceived needs, support and feedback, and unpleasant medical experience.
CONCLUSIONS
This study identifies facilitators and barriers to PCOS management from the patient perspective, which can guide the design and implementation of PCOS management programs for patients. This study also provides information for future research into how the COM-B theory can be incorporated into specific management plans to promote patient action.
Topics: Humans; Female; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Delayed Diagnosis; Motivation
PubMed: 37605982
DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15031 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Dec 2023The purpose of the research was to pool the intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine and its health belief model (HBM)-based predictors, which is helpful for... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The purpose of the research was to pool the intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine and its health belief model (HBM)-based predictors, which is helpful for decision-makers and program managers around the globe. The relevant database was searched and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) appraisal checklist was used to evaluate the studies. I2 test and funnel plot was utilized to check heterogeneity and publication bias, respectively. DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was used. The overall pooled intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine globally was 67.69%. Higher levels of perceived susceptibility (AOR = 1.85), perceived severity (AOR = 1.45), perceived benefits (AOR = 3.10), and cues to action (AOR = 3.40) positively predicted the intention; whereas high level of perceived barrier negatively predicted it (AOR = 0.53). Health beliefs influenced COVID-19 vaccine intention globally. This implies that individuals need sound health education and publicity about vaccines before vaccination.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19 Vaccines; Intention; COVID-19; Checklist; Health Belief Model; Vaccination
PubMed: 37170620
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2207442 -
Medical Education Online Dec 2023The goal of this systematic review was to examine self-directed learning (SDL) assessment practices in undergraduate health professions education. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The goal of this systematic review was to examine self-directed learning (SDL) assessment practices in undergraduate health professions education.
METHODS
Seven electronic databases were searched (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, ERIC, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science) to retrieve English-language articles published between 2015 and July of 2022, investigating assessment of SDL learning outcomes. Extracted data included the sample size, field of study, study design, SDL activity type, SDL assessment method, number of SDL assessments used, study quality, number of SDL components present utilising the framework the authors developed, and SDL activity outcomes. We also assessed relationships between SDL assessment method and number of SDL components, study quality, field of study, and study outcomes.
RESULTS
Of the 141 studies included, the majority of study participants were medical (51.8%) or nursing (34.8%) students. The most common SDL assessment method used was internally-developed perception surveys (49.6%). When evaluating outcomes for SDL activities, most studies reported a positive or mixed/neutral outcome (58.2% and 34.8%, respectively). There was a statistically significant relationship between both number and type of assessments used, and study quality, with knowledge assessments (median-IQR 11.5) being associated with higher study quality ( < 0.001). Less than half (48.9%) of the studies used more than one assessment method to evaluate the effectiveness of SDL activities. Having more than one assessment (mean 9.49) was associated with higher quality study ( < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
The results of our systematic review suggest that SDL assessment practices within undergraduate health professions education vary greatly, as different aspects of SDL were leveraged and implemented by diverse groups of learners to meet different learning needs and professional accreditation requirements. Evidence-based best practices for the assessment of SDL across undergraduate healthcare professions education should include the use of multiple assessments, with direct and indirect measures, to more accurately assess student performance.
Topics: Humans; Health Occupations; Learning; Motivation; Qualitative Research; Program Evaluation; Self-Directed Learning as Topic; Students, Medical; Students, Nursing; Students, Health Occupations
PubMed: 36919556
DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2023.2189553 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Dec 2024This review quantified the association of vaccine literacy (VL) and vaccination intention and status. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched. Any study,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This review quantified the association of vaccine literacy (VL) and vaccination intention and status. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched. Any study, published until December 2022, that investigated the associations of interest were eligible. For each outcome, articles were grouped according to the vaccine administrated and results were narratively synthesized. Inverse-variance random-effect models were used to compare standardized mean values in VL domain(s) between the two groups: individuals willing vs. unwilling to get vaccinated, and individuals vaccinated vs. unvaccinated. This review of 18 studies shows that VL strongly predicts the vaccination intention while its association with vaccination status is attenuated and barely significant, suggesting that other factors influence the actual vaccination uptake. However, given the scarce evidence available, the heterogeneity in the methods applied and some limitations of the studies included, further research should be conducted to confirm the role of VL in the vaccination decision-making process.
Topics: Humans; Intention; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Vaccination; Vaccines; Health Literacy
PubMed: 38174706
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2300848