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European Journal of Sport Science Jun 2024To assess the evidence for the effect of strength and conditioning on physical qualities and aesthetic competence in dance populations, three electronic databases... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
To assess the evidence for the effect of strength and conditioning on physical qualities and aesthetic competence in dance populations, three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus) were searched (until September 2022) for studies that met the following criteria: (i) dancers aged >16 years; (ii) structured strength and conditioning intervention; and (iii) with physical qualities and aesthetic competence as outcome measures. Methodological quality and risk of bias of the included studies were assessed through the systematic review tool "QualSyst". Meta-analyses of effect sizes (Hedges' g) with forest plots explored the effects of the strength and conditioning interventions. Thirty-six studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Meta-analysis indicated strength and conditioning significantly (p < 0.05) improved lower body power (g = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.53-1.27), upper body strength (g = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.39-1.57), lower body strength (g = 1.59, 95% CI: 0.97-2.22), and flexibility (g = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.05-1.66). Strength and conditioning interventions were found to be effective at improving physical qualities in dancers, recommending their participation in additional sessions to enhance overall fitness and ultimately dance performance. It is recommended that future strength and conditioning intervention research should include sample size calculations, with participants recruited from a specific dance genre and skill level in order to evaluate how strength and conditioning influences dance performance.
Topics: Humans; Dancing; Muscle Strength; Resistance Training; Esthetics
PubMed: 38874993
DOI: 10.1002/ejsc.12111 -
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) Sep 2023Augmented feedback is often used during resistance training to enhance acute physical performance and has shown promise as a method of improving chronic physical... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Augmented feedback is often used during resistance training to enhance acute physical performance and has shown promise as a method of improving chronic physical adaptation. However, there are inconsistencies in the scientific literature regarding the magnitude of the acute and chronic responses to feedback and the optimal method with which it is provided.
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to (1) establish the evidence for the effects of feedback on acute resistance training performance and chronic training adaptations; (2) quantify the effects of feedback on acute kinematic outcomes and changes in physical adaptations; and (3) assess the effects of moderating factors on the influence of feedback during resistance training.
METHODS
Twenty studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. This review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Four databases were searched, and studies were included if they were peer-reviewed investigations, written in English, and involved the provision of feedback during or following dynamic resistance exercise. Furthermore, studies must have evaluated either acute training performance or chronic physical adaptations. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified Downs and Black assessment tool. Multilevel meta-analyses were performed to quantify the effects of feedback on acute and chronic training outcomes.
RESULTS
Feedback enhanced acute kinetic and kinematic outputs, muscular endurance, motivation, competitiveness, and perceived effort, while greater improvements in speed, strength, jump performance, and technical competency were reported when feedback was provided chronically. Furthermore, greater frequencies of feedback (e.g., following every repetition) were found to be most beneficial for enhancing acute performance. Results demonstrated that feedback improves acute barbell velocities by approximately 8.4% (g = 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.36-0.90). Moderator analysis revealed that both verbal (g = 0.47, 95% CI 0.22-0.71) and visual feedback (g = 1.11, 95% CI 0.61-1.61) were superior to no feedback, but visual feedback was superior to verbal feedback. For chronic outcomes, jump performance might have been positively influenced (g = 0.39, 95% CI - 0.20 to 0.99) and short sprint performance was likely enhanced (g = 0.47, 95% CI 0.10-0.84) to a greater extent when feedback is provided throughout a training cycle.
CONCLUSIONS
Feedback during resistance training can lead to enhanced acute performance within a training session and greater chronic adaptations. Studies included in our analysis demonstrated a positive influence of feedback, with all outcomes showing superior results than when no feedback is provided. For practitioners, it is recommended that high-frequency, visual feedback is consistently provided to individuals when they complete resistance training, and this may be particularly useful during periods of low motivation or when greater competitiveness is beneficial. Alternatively, researchers must be aware of the ergogenic effects of feedback on acute and chronic responses and ensure that feedback is standardised when investigating resistance training.
Topics: Humans; Resistance Training; Muscle Strength; Exercise; Adaptation, Physiological; Acclimatization
PubMed: 37410360
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01877-2 -
Archivos Espanoles de Urologia Jan 2024Prostate cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in males. Treatment options cause a series of side effects that can lead to a deterioration in the... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Prostate cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in males. Treatment options cause a series of side effects that can lead to a deterioration in the physical and quality of life of patients, such as musculoskeletal changes, atrophy or muscle weakness, due to the testosterone suppression. Scientific evidence has shown that exercise mitigates the side effects induced by cancer treatment. This study aimed to analyse the effects of muscular strength work on the organism of patients with prostate cancer in the treatment phase.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Medline, Web of Science and PEDro databases were searched in January 2022. The Medical Subject Headings "resistance training", "prostatic neoplasms", "strength training" and "prostate cancer" were used.
RESULTS
A total of 13 articles were analysed. In all of them, statistically significant changes were found in strength, physical performance, muscle mass and cardiovascular and respiratory health after the implementation of a strength exercise program. Other variables did not achieve the expected changes.
CONCLUSIONS
A strength exercise program improves strength, physical performance, muscle mass and cardiovascular health in patients with prostate cancer. However, whether it improves other parameters, such as body fat, power, bone density and quality of life, is unclear.
Topics: Male; Humans; Resistance Training; Quality of Life; Prostatic Neoplasms; Muscle Strength; Muscles
PubMed: 38374007
DOI: 10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20247701.1 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2023In this systematic review and meta-analysis, blood flow restriction (BFR) with low-load resistance training (BFR-RT) was compared with high-load resistance training...
Muscle strength adaptation between high-load resistance training versus low-load blood flow restriction training with different cuff pressure characteristics: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, blood flow restriction (BFR) with low-load resistance training (BFR-RT) was compared with high-load resistance training (HL-RT) on muscle strength in healthy adults. The characteristics of cuff pressure suitable for muscle strength gain were also investigated by analyzing the effects of applying different occlusion pressure prescriptions and cuff inflation patterns on muscle strength gain. Literature search was conducted using PubMed, Ovid Medline, ProQuest, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Scopus databases to identify literature published until May 2023. Studies reporting the effects of BFR-RT interventions on muscle strength gain were compared with those of HL-RT. The risk of bias in the included trials was assessed using the Cochrane tool, followed by a meta-analysis to calculate the combined effect. Subgroup analysis was performed to explore the beneficial variables. Nineteen articles (42 outcomes), with a total of 458 healthy adults, were included in the meta-analysis. The combined effect showed higher muscle strength gain with HL-RT than with BFR-RT ( = 0.03, SMD = -0.16, 95% CI: -0.30 to -0.01). The results of the subgroup analysis showed that the BFR-RT applied with incremental and individualized pressure achieved muscle strength gain similar to the HL-RT ( = 0.8, SMD = -0.05, 95% CI: -0.44 to 0.34; = 0.68, SMD = -0.04, 95% CI: -0.23 to 0.15), but muscle strength gain obtained via BFR-RT applied with absolute pressure was lower than that of HL-RT ( < 0.05, SMD = -0.45, 95% CI: -0.71 to -0.19). Furthermore, muscle strength gain obtained by BFR-RT applied with intermittent pressure was similar to that obtained by HL-RT ( = 0.88, SMD = -0.02, 95% CI: -0.27 to 0.23), but muscle strength gain for BFR-RT applied with continuous pressure showed a less prominent increase than that for HL-RT ( < 0.05, SMD = -0.3, 95% CI: -0.48 to -0.11). In general, HL-RT produces superior muscle strength gains than BFR-RT. However, the application of individualized, incremental, and intermittent pressure exercise protocols in BFR-RT elicits comparable muscle strength gains to HL-RT. Our findings indicate that cuff pressure characteristics play a significant role in establishing a BFR-RT intervention program for enhancing muscle strength in healthy adults. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails; Identifier: PROSPERO (CRD42022364934).
PubMed: 37693006
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1244292 -
Maturitas Dec 2023Aging is associated with a loss of skeletal muscle mass and function that negatively impacts the independence and quality of life of older individuals. Females... (Review)
Review
Aging is associated with a loss of skeletal muscle mass and function that negatively impacts the independence and quality of life of older individuals. Females demonstrate a distinct pattern of muscle aging compared to males, potentially due to menopause, when the production of endogenous sex hormones declines. This systematic review aims to investigate the current knowledge about the role of estrogen in female skeletal muscle aging. A systematic search of MEDLINE Complete, Global Health, Embase, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and CINHAL was conducted. Studies were considered eligible if they compared a state of estrogen deficiency (e.g. postmenopausal females) or supplementation (e.g. estrogen therapy) to normal estrogen conditions (e.g. premenopausal females or no supplementation). Outcome variables of interest included measures of skeletal muscle mass, function, damage/repair, and energy metabolism. Quality assessment was completed with the relevant Johanna Briggs critical appraisal tool, and data were synthesized in a narrative manner. Thirty-two studies were included in the review. Compared to premenopausal women, postmenopausal women had reduced muscle mass and strength, but the effect of menopause on markers of muscle damage and expression of the genes involved in metabolic signaling pathways remains unclear. Some studies suggest a beneficial effect of estrogen therapy on muscle size and strength, but evidence is largely conflicting and inconclusive, potentially due to large variations in the reporting and status of exposure and outcomes. The findings from this review point toward a potential negative effect of estrogen deficiency on aging skeletal muscle, but further mechanistic evidence is needed to clarify its role.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Quality of Life; Estrogens; Aging; Menopause; Muscle, Skeletal
PubMed: 37716136
DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2023.107844 -
BMJ Open Sep 2023To investigate how oropharyngeal muscle strength training affected the safety and performance of swallowing in patients with poststroke oropharyngeal dysphagia. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
To investigate how oropharyngeal muscle strength training affected the safety and performance of swallowing in patients with poststroke oropharyngeal dysphagia.
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
DATA SOURCES
Cochrane Central Register of Controlled of Trials, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase databases and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched, for publications in English, from database inception to December 2022.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Studies comparing the effect of oropharyngeal muscle strength training with conventional dysphagia therapy in patients with poststroke. Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) and Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) were assessed as the main outcomes.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data and evaluated the quality of the included studies, with disagreements resolved by another researcher. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Review Manager V.5.3 was employed for the meta-analysis. Random effect models were used for meta-analysis.
RESULTS
Seven studies with 259 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that oropharyngeal muscle strength training could reduce PAS score compared with conventional dysphagia therapy (mean difference=-0.98, 95% CI -1.34 to -0.62, p<0.0001, I=28%). The results also showed that oropharyngeal muscle strength training could increase FOIS score (mean difference=1.04, 95% CI 0.55 to 1.54, p<0.0001, I=0%) and the vertical displacement of the hyoid bone (mean difference=0.20, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.38, p=0.04, I=0%) compared with conventional dysphagia therapy.
CONCLUSION
In patients with poststroke oropharyngeal dysphagia, oropharyngeal muscle strength training can improve swallowing safety and performance.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42022302471.
Topics: Humans; Deglutition Disorders; Resistance Training; Muscles; Deglutition; Databases, Factual
PubMed: 37758672
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072638 -
Nutrients Aug 2023The main objective of the current study was to perform a systematic literature review with the purpose of exploring the impact of long-chain -3 polyunsaturated fatty... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The main objective of the current study was to perform a systematic literature review with the purpose of exploring the impact of long-chain -3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-3 PUFA) relative to control oil supplementation on muscle strength, with secondary outcomes of muscle mass and physical function in older individuals under conditions of habitual physical activity/exercise. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021267011) and followed the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. The search for relevant studies was performed utilizing databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) up to June 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in older adults comparing the effects of LC-3 PUFA with a control oil supplement on muscle strength were included. Five studies involving a total of 488 participants (348 females and 140 males) were identified that met the specified inclusion criteria and were included. Upon analyzing the collective data from these studies, it was observed that supplementation with LC-3 PUFA did not have a significant impact on grip strength (standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.61, 95% confidence interval [-0.05, 1.27]; = 0.07) in comparison to the control group. However, there was a considerable level of heterogeneity among the studies ( = 90%; < 0.001). As secondary outcomes were only measured in a few studies, with significant heterogeneity in methods, meta-analyses of muscle mass and functional abilities were not performed. Papers with measures of knee extensor muscle mass as an outcome ( = 3) found increases with LC-3 PUFA supplementation, but studies measuring whole body lean/muscle mass ( = 2) and functional abilities ( = 4) reported mixed results. With a limited number of studies, our data indicate that LC-3 PUFA supplementation has no effect on muscle strength or functional abilities in older adults but may increase muscle mass, although, with only a few studies and considerable heterogeneity, further work is needed to confirm these findings.
Topics: Female; Male; Humans; Aged; Muscle Strength; Hand Strength; Dietary Supplements; Fatty Acids; Muscle, Skeletal; Fatty Acids, Omega-3
PubMed: 37630768
DOI: 10.3390/nu15163579 -
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) Feb 2024Many sports require maximal strength and endurance performance. Concurrent strength and endurance training can lead to suboptimal training adaptations. However, how... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Many sports require maximal strength and endurance performance. Concurrent strength and endurance training can lead to suboptimal training adaptations. However, how adaptations differ between males and females is currently unknown. Additionally, current training status may affect training adaptations.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to assess sex-specific differences in adaptations in strength, power, muscle hypertrophy, and maximal oxygen consumption ( O) to concurrent strength and endurance training in healthy adults. Second, we investigated how training adaptations are influenced by strength and endurance training status.
METHODS
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, and a Cochrane risk of bias was evaluated. ISI Web of science, PubMed/MEDLINE, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched using the following inclusion criteria: healthy adults aged 18-50 years, intervention period of ≥ 4 weeks, and outcome measures were defined as upper- and lower-body strength, power, hypertrophy, and/or O. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model and reported in standardized mean differences.
RESULTS
In total, 59 studies with 1346 participants were included. Concurrent training showed blunted lower-body strength adaptations in males, but not in females (male: - 0.43, 95% confidence interval [- 0.64 to - 0.22], female: 0.08 [- 0.34 to 0.49], group difference: P = 0.03). No sex differences were observed for changes in upper-body strength (P = 0.67), power (P = 0.37), or O (P = 0.13). Data on muscle hypertrophy were insufficient to draw any conclusions. For training status, untrained but not trained or highly trained endurance athletes displayed lower O gains with concurrent training (P = 0.04). For other outcomes, no differences were found between untrained and trained individuals, both for strength and endurance training status.
CONCLUSIONS
Concurrent training results in small interference for lower-body strength adaptations in males, but not in females. Untrained, but not trained or highly trained endurance athletes demonstrated impaired improvements in O following concurrent training. More studies on females and highly strength-trained and endurance-trained athletes are warranted.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO: CRD42022370894.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Female; Endurance Training; Physical Endurance; Athletes; Sports; Hypertrophy; Muscle Strength; Resistance Training
PubMed: 37847373
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01943-9 -
Journal of Aging and Physical Activity Oct 2023This systematic meta-review evaluated the effects of exercise with and without protein interventions on muscle strength and function in older adults with sarcopenic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
This systematic meta-review evaluated the effects of exercise with and without protein interventions on muscle strength and function in older adults with sarcopenic obesity. PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched through February 2021 for relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses with aerobic, resistance, and/or combined training interventions with and without protein supplementation in older adults ≥ 65 years with sarcopenic obesity. This meta-review showed that exercise with and without protein supplementation improved body composition (i.e., decreased percentage body fat) and functional outcomes (i.e., gait speed and grip strength). Because the current literature is limited, determining the effects of exercise and combined protein supplementation in this population requires further investigation. In the meantime, protein recommendations should align with general sarcopenia recommendations. Based upon available findings, tentative exercise recommendations to optimize health outcomes in this population are proposed.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Dietary Supplements; Muscle Strength; Obesity; Sarcopenia; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 37105550
DOI: 10.1123/japa.2022-0245 -
Journal of Sleep Research May 2024Obstructive sleep apnea is the most common sleep disorder. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of respiratory muscle training in the treatment of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Obstructive sleep apnea is the most common sleep disorder. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of respiratory muscle training in the treatment of patients with obstructive sleep apnea. The study protocol was registered in Prospero Platform (CRD42018096980). We performed searches in the main databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) via Pubmed; Excerpta Medica dataBASE (Embase) via Elsevier; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) via Cochrane Library; Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS) through the Portal of the Virtual Health Library and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) for all randomised-controlled trials published before July 2022. The randomised-controlled trials were assessed for risk of bias and certainty of evidence. Thirteen randomised-controlled trials were included. All studies had an overall high risk of bias. Inspiratory muscle training probably improves systolic blood pressure and sleepiness when compared with sham. However, inspiratory muscle training probably does not improve diastolic blood pressure and maximum expiratory pressure, and may not be superior to sham for apnea-hypopnea index, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, forced vital capacity, sleep quality and quality of life. In addition, it is uncertain whether there is any effect of inspiratory muscle training on maximum inspiratory pressure and physical capacity. Inspiratory muscle training may also improve maximum inspiratory pressure and maximum expiratory pressure compared with oropharyngeal exercises. However, it may not be superior for apnea-hypopnea index, sleep quality, sleepiness, quality of life and functional capacity. When associated with physical exercise, inspiratory muscle training may not be superior to physical exercise alone for maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and functional capacity. At the same time, when associated with cardiac rehabilitation exercises, inspiratory muscle training may reduce apnea-hypopnea index, improve inspiratory muscle strength, sleepiness and sleep quality compared with cardiac rehabilitation alone. However, it may not be superior for improving quality of life. Regarding expiratory muscle training, it may improve expiratory muscle strength and sleep quality, but not sleepiness when compared with sham. The evidence on the effects of expiratory muscle training in apnea-hypopnea index is very uncertain.
Topics: Humans; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Breathing Exercises; Respiratory Muscles; Quality of Life; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 37258418
DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13941