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Biomedical Papers of the Medical... Mar 2024Oxidative DNA damage markers (8OHdG, comet assay, gammaH2AX) are becoming widely used in clinical cardiology research. To conduct this review of DNA damage in relation... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Oxidative DNA damage markers (8OHdG, comet assay, gammaH2AX) are becoming widely used in clinical cardiology research. To conduct this review of DNA damage in relation to hypertension in humans, we used databases (e.g. PubMed, Web of Science) to search for English-language publications up to June 30, 2022 and the terms: DNA damage, comet assay, gammaH2AX, 8OHdG, strand breaks, and arterial hypertension. Exclusion criteria were: children, absence of relevant controls, extra-arterial hypertensive issues, animal, cell lines. From a total of 79526, 15 human studies were selected. A total of 902 hypertensive patients (pts): (comet: N=418 pts; 8OHdG: N=484 pts) and 587 controls (comet: N=203; 8OHdG: N=384) were included. DNA damage was significantly higher in hypertensive pts than healthy controls (comet 26.6±11.0 vs 11.7±4.07 arbitrary units /A.U./; P<0.05 and="" 8ohdg="" 13="" 1="" 4="" 12="" vs="" 6="" 97="" 2="" 67="" ng="" mg="" creatinine="" i=""> P<0.05) confirmed with meta-analysis for both. Greater DNA damage was observed in more adverse cases (concentric cardiac hypertrophy 43.4±15.4 vs 15.6±5.5; sustained/untreated hypertension 31.4±12.1 vs 14.2±5/35.0±5.0 vs 25.0 ±5.0; non-dippers 39.2±15.5 vs 29.4±11.1 A.U.; elderly 14.9±4.5 vs 9.3±4.1 ng/mg creatinine; without carvedilol 9.1±4.2 vs 5.7±3.9; with coronary heart disease 0.5±0.1 vs 0.2±0.1 ng/mL) (P<0.05) confirmed with meta-analysis. DNA damage correlated strongly positively with serum glycosylated haemoglobin (r=0.670; P<0.05) and negatively with total antioxidant status (r=-0.670 to -0.933; P<0.05). This is the first systematic review with meta-analysis showing that oxidative DNA damage was increased in humans with arterial hypertension compared to controls.
Topics: Child; Animals; Humans; Aged; 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Creatinine; DNA Damage; Comet Assay; Hypertension
PubMed: 37916467
DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.044 -
Chemosphere Mar 2024Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a biomaterial widely used in clinical applications and pharmaceuticals. The literature on HA-based materials studies is focused on chemical... (Review)
Review
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a biomaterial widely used in clinical applications and pharmaceuticals. The literature on HA-based materials studies is focused on chemical characterization and biocompatibility. Generally, biocompatibility is analyzed through adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation assays. Fewer studies are looking for genotoxic events. Thus, although HA-based biomaterials are widely used as biomedical devices, there is a lack of literature regarding their genotoxicity. This systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA statement. Specific search strategies were developed and performed in four electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science). The search used "Hydroxyapatite OR Calcium Hydroxyapatite OR durapatite AND genotoxicity OR genotoxic OR DNA damage" and "Hydroxyapatite OR Calcium Hydroxyapatite OR durapatite AND mutagenicity OR mutagenic OR DNA damage" as keywords and articles published from 2000 to 2022, after removing duplicate studies and apply include and exclusion criteria, 53 articles were identified and submitted to a qualitative descriptive analysis. Most of the assays were in vitro and most of the studies did not show genotoxicity. In fact, a protective effect was observed for hydroxyapatites. Only 20 out of 71 tests performed were positive for genotoxicity. However, no point mutation-related mutagenicity was observed. As the genotoxicity of HA-based biomaterials observed was correlated with its nanostructured forms as needles or rods, it is important to follow their effect in chronic exposure to guarantee safe usage in humans.
Topics: Humans; Durapatite; Biocompatible Materials; Hydroxyapatites; DNA Damage; Mutagens
PubMed: 38360416
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141383 -
Biomarkers : Biochemical Indicators of... Dec 2023In order to detect genetic damage, different methods have been developed, such as micronuclei and comet assay. The comet assay presents some advantages when compared to... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
In order to detect genetic damage, different methods have been developed, such as micronuclei and comet assay. The comet assay presents some advantages when compared to the other aforementioned methods, including wide versatility, as any eukaryotic cell can be evaluated at an individual cellular level. In this context, the aim of this systematic review was designed to help further elucidate the following question: is the comet assay a suitable biomarker of oral carcinogenesis?
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The present systematic review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Full manuscripts from 18 studies were carefully selected in this setting.
RESULTS
A total of 15 studies demonstrated positive findings for genotoxicity in peripheral blood or oral cells in patients with pre-malignant lesions or oral cancer. In the quality assessment of studies, 1 was classified as Strong, 5 were considered as Moderate, and 12 were classified as Weak.
CONCLUSION
In summary, the comet assay can be a useful biomarker for oral carcinogenesis. However, further studies with more strict parameters are suggested (with less uncontrolled confounders) in order to increase findings reliability for diagnosis of oral potentially malignant lesions.
Topics: Humans; Carcinogenesis; Comet Assay; DNA Damage; Mouth Neoplasms; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 38131287
DOI: 10.1080/1354750X.2023.2298182 -
Mutation Research. Genetic Toxicology... Oct 2023Can human peripheral blood cells be used as a surrogate for bone marrow cells, in evaluating the genotoxic effects of stressors? We searched the Pubmed/Medline and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Can human peripheral blood cells be used as a surrogate for bone marrow cells, in evaluating the genotoxic effects of stressors? We searched the Pubmed/Medline and PubChem databases to identify publications relevant to this question. Micronucleus formation was the genotoxicity endpoint. Three publications comparing exposed vs. non-exposed individuals are included in this analysis; the exposures were to ethylene oxide or ionising radiation (atomic bomb, thorotrast, or radioiodine therapy). Information was extracted on the types of exposure, the numbers of participants, and the micronucleus frequencies. Relative differences (odds ratios) and absolute differences (risk differences) in the numbers of micronuclei between exposed and non-exposed persons were calculated separately for individual cell types (peripheral blood and bone marrow). Random effects meta-analyses for the relative differences in cell abnormalities were performed. The results showed very small differences in the frequencies of micronuclei between exposed and non-exposed individuals, as measured in either peripheral blood or bone marrow cell populations, on both absolute and relative scales. No definite conclusion concerning the relative sensitivities of bone marrow and peripheral blood cells can be made, based on these publications.
Topics: Humans; Bone Marrow; Iodine Radioisotopes; Micronucleus Tests; Blood Cells; Bone Marrow Cells; DNA Damage; Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective
PubMed: 37770146
DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503689 -
Brazilian Oral Research 2023The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate published papers regarding the micronucleus assay in oral mucosal cells of patients undergoing orthodontic therapy... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate published papers regarding the micronucleus assay in oral mucosal cells of patients undergoing orthodontic therapy (OT). A search of the scientific literature was made in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for all data published until November, 2021 using the combination of the following keywords: "fixed orthodontic therapy," "genetic damage", "DNA damage," "genotoxicity", "mutagenicity", "buccal cells", "oral mucosa cells," and "micronucleus assay". The systematic review was designed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Nine studies were retrieved. Some authors demonstrated that OT induces cytogenetic damage in oral mucosal cells. Out of the nine studies included, two were classified as strong, five as moderate, and two as weak, according to the quality assessment components of the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP). Meta-analysis data revealed no relationship between mutagenicity in oral cells and OT in different months of treatment. At one month, the SMD = 0.65 and p = 0.08; after three months of OT, the SMD = 1.21 and p = 0.07; and after six months of OT, the SMD = 0.56 and p = 0.11. In the analyzed months of OT, I2 values were >75%, indicating high heterogeneity. In summary, this review was not able to demonstrate that OT induces genetic damage in oral cells. The study is important for the protection of patients undergoing fixed OT, given that mutagenesis participates in the multi-step process of carcinogenesis.
Topics: Humans; Micronucleus Tests; DNA Damage; Mouth Mucosa
PubMed: 37970936
DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0116 -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2024The goal of this study was to perform systematic review (SR) to investigate the scientific literature regarding the genotoxicity effects of fluoride exposure (FE). The... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The goal of this study was to perform systematic review (SR) to investigate the scientific literature regarding the genotoxicity effects of fluoride exposure (FE). The search of databases used for this study was PubMed/Medline, SCOPUS and Web of Science. The quality of included studies was assessed using the EPHPP (Effective Public Health Practice Project). A total of 20 potentially relevant studies were selected for evaluating the genotoxicity induced by fluoride. Few studies have revealed that FE induces genotoxicity. A total of 14 studies demonstrated negative results whereas 6 studies did not. After reviewing the twenty studies, 1 was classified as weak, 10 were considered moderate and 9 were considered strong, according to the EPHPP. Taken together, it has been established that genotoxicity of fluoride is limited.
Topics: Fluorides; DNA Damage; Databases, Factual; Comet Assay
PubMed: 36994717
DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2194616 -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2024This study aimed to evaluate the scientific literature on the micronucleus assay in nasal mucosa as an appropriate method for evaluating genotoxicity caused by chemical... (Review)
Review
This study aimed to evaluate the scientific literature on the micronucleus assay in nasal mucosa as an appropriate method for evaluating genotoxicity caused by chemical agents. According to the PRISMA guidelines, only in vivo human studies with micronucleus assays using nasal cells were considered. Reviews, case reports, editorials, letters to the editor, and articles not written in English were excluded. The following scientific databases/search engines were used: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science. Results: This review included 13 studies. Four articles detected no statistical significance regarding the frequency of micronuclei while nine articles showed an increase in micronuclei in nasal cells. In the qualitative analysis, two articles were considered strong, eight were moderate and three were weak. The micronucleus assay using nasal mucosa cells is a sensitive and effective technique for assessing DNA damage and an appropriate method for monitoring humans continuously exposed to chemicals.
Topics: Humans; Micronucleus Tests; Mutagens; Nasal Mucosa; DNA Damage
PubMed: 37442547
DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2234300