-
Cureus Sep 2023The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and efficiency of orthodontic treatment using clear aligner therapy (CAT). This efficiency was measured using the Peer... (Review)
Review
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and efficiency of orthodontic treatment using clear aligner therapy (CAT). This efficiency was measured using the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index, the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) index, or the similarity between the final ClinCheck and the final scanned models. A search was done electronically between 1998 and 2021 using the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. Three reviewers individually rated the articles. The ROBINS tool and the Cochrane risk of bias tool were used to evaluate the quality of observational research and randomized controlled trials, respectively. The degree of certainty for each selected outcome was evaluated using the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) approach.Six studies with a total of 166 participants were considered after the full texts of 61 potential reports were reviewed. This research included in the review covered the period from 1998 to 2021 in retrospect. According to the current systematic review and meta-analysis, transparent aligners had a successful outcome. In mild to moderate cases, aligner treatment appears to have a significant advantage in terms of efficiency (treatment time); nonetheless, insufficient evidence of efficacy was observed based on multiple cross-sectional investigations. When compared to traditional brackets, clear aligners provided a more stable course of treatment.
PubMed: 37842499
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45072 -
Journal of Functional Biomaterials May 2024The objective of this study was to explore the effects of fixed orthodontic appliances on enamel structure by assessing microfractures, surface roughness, and... (Review)
Review
AIM
The objective of this study was to explore the effects of fixed orthodontic appliances on enamel structure by assessing microfractures, surface roughness, and alterations in color.
METHODS
This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A systematic search of online databases was conducted using the keywords 'enamel' AND 'orthodontic debonding'. Eligibility criteria included both in vivo and ex vivo clinical trials conducted on human teeth.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A total of 14 relevant papers were analyzed. Various instruments and techniques were utilized across different studies to assess surface roughness, color change, and surface fractures.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings of this study suggest that ceramic brackets may lead to an increase in enamel fractures, particularly during bracket removal. The surface roughness of enamel exhibits variability depending on the adhesive substance and polishing methods used post-removal. Fixed orthodontic appliances could induce changes in enamel color, which may be alleviated by the use of nano-hydroxyapatite or specific polishing techniques. Further research is necessary to identify effective strategies for managing these color changes and improving the overall outcomes of fixed orthodontic treatment.
PubMed: 38786634
DOI: 10.3390/jfb15050123 -
Journal of Functional Biomaterials Oct 2023Graphene-based materials have great prospects for application in dentistry and medicine due to their unique properties and biocompatibility with tissues. The literature... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Graphene-based materials have great prospects for application in dentistry and medicine due to their unique properties and biocompatibility with tissues. The literature on the use of graphene oxide in orthodontic treatment was reviewed.
METHODS
This systematic review followed the PRISMA protocol and was conducted by searching the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane. The following search criteria were used to review the data on the topic under study: (Graphene oxide) AND (orthodontic) ALL FIELDS. For the Scopus database, results were narrowed to titles, authors, and keywords. A basic search structure was adopted for each database. Initially, a total of 74 articles were found in the considered databases. Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review.
RESULTS
Nine studies demonstrated the antibacterial properties of graphene oxide, which can reduce the demineralization of enamel during orthodontic treatment. Seven studies showed that it is biocompatible with oral tissues. Three studies presented that graphene oxide can reduce friction in the arch-bracket system. Two studies showed that it can improve the mechanical properties of orthodontic adhesives by reducing ARI (Adhesive Remnant Index). Three studies demonstrated that the use of graphene oxide in the appropriate concentration can also increase the SBS (shear bond strength) parameter. One research study showed that it can increase corrosion resistance. One research study suggested that it can be used to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement.
CONCLUSION
The studies included in the systematic review showed that graphene oxide has numerous applications in orthodontic treatment due to its properties.
PubMed: 37888164
DOI: 10.3390/jfb14100500 -
European Review For Medical and... Sep 2023Some of the most significant aspects in orthodontics for achieving favorable treatment outcomes include correct bracket positioning and a shorter period to accomplish...
OBJECTIVE
Some of the most significant aspects in orthodontics for achieving favorable treatment outcomes include correct bracket positioning and a shorter period to accomplish bracket bonding. Two different brackets bonding techniques - direct and indirect bonding - are described in the literature. The aim of this review is to evaluate the differences, advantages, and disadvantages of the two techniques.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases in a period from January 2013 to April 2023 with English language restriction using the following Boolean keywords: "orthodontic bracket* AND (bonding OR placement)".
RESULTS
A total of 3,820 articles were identified by the electronic search, and after duplicate removal, screening, and eligibility, a total of 11 papers were included for the qualitative analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
Indirect bonding is more predictable and precise than direct bonding. Indirect bonding has a greater impact on minimizing bracket placement errors than direct bonding, but it still takes longer to complete than the traditional procedure. However, further studies on the differences between direct and indirect bonding, as well as digital bonding, are needed.
Topics: Humans; Dental Care; Databases, Factual; Object Attachment
PubMed: 37750633
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202309_33565 -
European Journal of Medical Research Nov 2023The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of chewing gum on orthodontic pain and to determine the rate of bracket breakage... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of chewing gum on orthodontic pain and to determine the rate of bracket breakage associated with fixed orthodontic appliances.
METHODS
This review and its reporting were performed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and the PRISMA guidelines. Six electronic databases were searched up to March 16, 2023, to identify relevant studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Furthermore, grey literature resources were searched. The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool 2 was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan, and sensitivity analysis and publication bias analysis were performed using STATA software. GRADE tool was used to evaluate the certainty of evidence.
RESULTS
Fifteen studies with 2116 participants were ultimately included in this review, and 14 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with the blank group, chewing gum had a significant pain relieving effect at all times after fixation of the initial archwire (P ≤ 0.05). No significant difference was found between the chewing gum group and the analgesics group at any timepoints (P > 0.05). Only four studies evaluated the rate of bracket breakage and revealed that chewing gum did not increase the rate of bracket breakage. The sensitivity analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the pooled outcomes after the included studies were removed one at times, and Egger analysis revealed no significant publication bias in included studies (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Chewing gum is a non-invasive, low-cost and convenient method that has a significant effect on relieving orthodontic pain and has no effect on the rate of bracket breakage. Therefore, chewing gum can be recommended as a suitable substitute for analgesics to reduce orthodontic pain.
Topics: Humans; Chewing Gum; Pain; Analgesics; Orthodontic Brackets; Pain Measurement
PubMed: 37936237
DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01467-y -
Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 2023With the advent of COVID-19, teledentistry and remote monitoring have become an imminent reality that allows orthodontists to monitor orthodontic treatment through... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
With the advent of COVID-19, teledentistry and remote monitoring have become an imminent reality that allows orthodontists to monitor orthodontic treatment through virtual checkups, which complement in-office appointments.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effectiveness of using teledentistry in monitoring the evolution of orthodontic treatment.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Searches were performed in on-line databases. PECO strategy focused on comparing orthodontic patients exposed and not exposed to teledentistry. Searches and data extraction followed PRISMA guidelines. The assessment of the risk of bias and the certainty of the evidence was performed using the ROBINS-I and GRADE tools, respectively. A meta-analysis was also performed.
RESULTS
Out of 1,178 records found, 4 met the criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis. The risk of bias for follow-up assesment in aligner treatment was low to moderate; while for interceptive treatment, it was high. Studies are favorable to the use of teledentistry. The meta-analysis was performed with aligners studies only, due to heterogeneity. The certainty of the evidence was considered very low.
CONCLUSION
With very low certainty of evidence, teledentistry using Dental Monitoring® software is effective as an aid in monitoring the evolution of interceptive orthodontic treatment (high risk of bias) and, especially, treatment performed with aligners (low to moderate risk of bias). The meta-analysis evidenced a reduction in the number of face-to-face appointments (mean difference = -2.75[-3.95, -1.55]; I2=41%; p<0.00001) and the time for starting refinement (mean difference = -1.21[-2.35, -0.08]; I2=49%; p=0.04). Additional randomized studies evaluating corrective orthodontic treatment with brackets and wires are welcome.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Databases, Factual; Orthodontics, Corrective; Orthodontists; Software
PubMed: 37729285
DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.28.4.e2322195.oar -
European Journal of Orthodontics Apr 2024Initial caries lesion (ICLs) adjacent to orthodontic brackets are the most common side effect of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. The reported prevalence is... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Initial caries lesion (ICLs) adjacent to orthodontic brackets are the most common side effect of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. The reported prevalence is uncertain and varies considerably across studies, from 27% to 97%.
OBJECTIVES
This paper was designed to evaluate and synthesize the available evidence on the prevalence and incidence rates of ICLs in relation to orthodontic treatment. Selection criteria: The review (Prospero protocol CRD42023412952) included randomized and non-randomized clinical trials of interventions, cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies, published after 1990 on the prevalence or incidence of ICLs during or after orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Search methods: Pubmed, Scopus, and Embase databases were searched from 1990 until 01 May 2023. The risk of bias assessment was performed with RoB 2 and ROBINS-I tool and the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. Data collection and analysis: The proportion of individuals with ICLs, reported as the number/percentage of individuals/teeth with ICLs or mean number of ICLs per subject, were used to synthesize results.
RESULTS
The search yielded a total of 468 papers; 21 studies were included in the systematic review, 2 of which were not included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence rate [95%CI] of ICLs was 0.57% [0.48; 0.65] in 1448 patients, 0.22% [0.14; 0.33] in 11583 teeth, with a mean number of lesions equal to 2.24 [1.79; 2.70] in 484 patients evaluated. The incidence rate of new carious lesions developed during orthodontic treatment was 0.48% [0.33; 0.63] in 533 patients, 0.15% [0.08; 0.26] in 1890 teeth with a mean number of ICLs equal to 2.29 [1.12; 3.46] in 208 patients evaluated.
LIMITATIONS
Although the high number of included studies and the overall good quality, there was a significant heterogeneity in the collected data.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence and incidence rates of ICLs in subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment are quite high and raise some concerns in terms of risk assessment of orthodontic treatment. ICLs represent an alarming challenge for both patients and professionals. Effective caries prevention strategies during treatment need to be considered and implemented where appropriate.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Dental Caries; Dental Care
PubMed: 38387465
DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjae008 -
International Orthodontics Dec 2023Re-mineralizing surface pretreatment is essential for both controlling and preventing white spot lesion (WSL) throughout the time of fixed orthodontic treatment. It is... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Re-mineralizing surface pretreatment is essential for both controlling and preventing white spot lesion (WSL) throughout the time of fixed orthodontic treatment. It is also important that the re-mineralizing have no negative impact on the bonding between the bracket, adhesive, and enamel. Therefore, this review is aimed to investigate the orthodontic brackets' shear bond strength after re-mineralizing surface treatment of enamel.
MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY
The review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. In-vitro experimental studies measuring shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets on both demineralized and intact enamel following re-mineralizing surface treatment were included. Database search was done in PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct during July 2023. Methodological quality of the studies was assessed according to the guidelines for the reporting of pre-clinical in-vitro studies. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses of the included studies were done.
RESULTS
Matching the inclusion criteria, 46 and 37 studies were selected for qualitative and quantitative analysis respectively. On intact enamel re-mineralizing agents had no negative impact on the brackets' SBS. On the contrary, they seemed to enhance the bond strength remarkably on the demineralized enamel.
DISCUSSION
Re-mineralizing surface pretreatment is crucial prior to fixed orthodontic treatment as it did not reduce the bond strength. Although, it cannot be judged depending solely on the in-vitro results with high heterogeneity. Clinical evidence is required to support the statement.
Topics: Humans; Resin Cements; Orthodontic Brackets; Dental Enamel; Shear Strength; Dental Bonding; Materials Testing; Surface Properties; Dental Stress Analysis
PubMed: 37647675
DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2023.100807 -
Journal of Oral Biology and... 2023The objective of this review is to systematically analyze the available literature on the effects of titanium oxide (TiO₂) coating on the antimicrobial properties,... (Review)
Review
Effects of titanium oxide coating on the antimicrobial properties, surface characteristics, and cytotoxicity of orthodontic brackets - A systematic review and meta analysis of in-vitro studies.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this review is to systematically analyze the available literature on the effects of titanium oxide (TiO₂) coating on the antimicrobial properties, surface characteristics, and cytotoxicity of orthodontic brackets.
METHODS
In-vitro studies reporting on the effects of Titanium oxide (TiO₂) coatings on antimicrobial properties, surface roughness, cytotoxic activity and bacterial adhesion of orthodontic brackets were included in the review. Electronic databases such as PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Google Scholar, were searched till September 2022. Risk of Bias was analyzed by using RoBDEMAT tool. Meta-analysis using Random Effects Model was performed for assessing the antimicrobial activity against and
RESULTS
A total of 11 studies were included the RoB analysis revealed sufficient reporting across all the domains and inconsistent reporting in only two of the domains. On qualitative analysis, a significant antimicrobial effect of TiO2 coating on orthodontic brackets against and was reported. The meta analysis revealed a significant overall antimicrobial effect with a high heterogeneity. (SMD: 3.5; p < 0.00001; i2 - 99.2%).
CONCLUSION
An overall significant antimicrobial effect of TiO₂ coated brackets against was noted but with a high heterogeneity. The subgroup analysis revealed a significant antimicrobial effect on with a low heterogeneity but it was limited by a publication bias. The included studies reported reduced surface roughness, minimal bacterial adhesion and less cytotoxic activity with TiO₂ coated brackets than uncoated brackets.
PubMed: 37409325
DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.05.014 -
Turkish Journal of Orthodontics Sep 2023This systematic review aimed to assess salivary flow and pH changes at various stages of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. A comprehensive searches in...
This systematic review aimed to assess salivary flow and pH changes at various stages of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. A comprehensive searches in electronic databases, including Medline, ResearchGate, Web of Science, SAGE Journals, Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, and ScienceDirect, without any publication date restrictions until January 2022 was conducted. The Pre-ferred Reporting Items for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA 2020 version) protocol was adopted and the risk of bias assessments were performed using the Cochrane ROBINS-I tool for non-randomized studies. Out of 4902 articles, 25 were fully evaluated, and seven studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in the review. The results showed that orthodontic treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances increased the stimulated salivary flow rate during various stages of treatment. However, the unstimulated salivary flow rate showed different changes. Furthermore, stimulated salivary pH increased, whereas unstimulated salivary pH significantly decreased, depending on the specific period of orthodontic treatment. Overall, fixed orthodontic appliances have an impact on salivary flow rate and pH during different stages of treatment. Nevertheless, the current literature is insufficient to draw definitive conclusions. More well-designedrandomized studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to confirm these findings.
PubMed: 37782023
DOI: 10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2022.2022.66