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Journal of Viral Hepatitis Jul 2024The impact of concurrent fatty liver (FL) on response to antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients has not been well characterized. We aimed to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The impact of concurrent fatty liver (FL) on response to antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients has not been well characterized. We aimed to systematically review and analyse antiviral treatment response in CHB patients with and without FL. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library databases from inception to 31 May 2023 for relevant studies. Biochemical response (BR), complete viral suppression (CVS) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion in CHB patients with FL (CHB-FL) and without FL (non-FL CHB) were compared. In an initial pool of 2101 citations, a total of 10 studies involving 2108 patients were included. After 12 weeks of treatment, CHB-FL patients as compared with non-FL CHB patients had lower BR rate (48.37% [108/227] vs. 72.98% [126/174], p = .04) but similar trend for CVS (36.86% [80/227] vs. 68.81% [114/174], p = .05) and similar rates of HBeAg seroconversion (6.59% [7/103] vs. 7.40% [7/110], p = .89). However, at week 48, there were no statistically significant differences between CHB-FL and non-FL CHB patients in any of the outcomes, including BR (60.03% [213/471] vs. 69.37% [314/717], p = .67), CVS (65.63% [459/746] vs. 73.81% [743/1132], p = .27) and HBeAg seroconversion (10.01% [30/275] vs. 14.06% [65/453], p = .58) with similar findings for week 96. BR rate was lower in CHB-FL patients after 12 weeks of antiviral treatment. However, after a longer follow-up of either 48 or 96 weeks, no statistically significant differences were observed in BR, CVS or HBeAg seroconversion rates between CHB patients with and without FL.
Topics: Humans; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Antiviral Agents; Hepatitis B e Antigens; Treatment Outcome; Fatty Liver; Seroconversion; Hepatitis B virus; DNA, Viral
PubMed: 38590002
DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13942 -
Journal of Public Health (Oxford,... Feb 2024This meta-analysis reports the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), smoking and their combined impact on the development of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
This meta-analysis reports the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), smoking and their combined impact on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS
We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases up to 15 July 2023. Observational studies investigating the association between HBV, HCV and smoking in the development of HCC were included. We assessed between-study heterogeneity using the I2 statistics. The effect sizes were estimated as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model.
RESULTS
Out of 20 794 studies identified in the initial search, 32 observational studies involving 22 282 participants met the inclusion criteria. Our meta-analysis showed that the combined impact of HBV and smoking was associated with an OR of 19.81 (95% CI: 14.77, 26.58), HCV and smoking was associated with an OR of 24.86 (95% CI: 12.41, 49.79), and coinfection of HBV and HCV was associated with an OR of 32.58 (95% CI: 20.57, 51.60).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate a significant interaction between HBV, HCV and smoking in the development of HCC and highlight the importance of addressing smoking cessation and viral hepatitis prevention and treatment as potential strategies for reducing HCC.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Hepacivirus; Liver Neoplasms; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B virus; Smoking
PubMed: 37934962
DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdad214 -
The Indian Journal of Medical Research Nov 2023This systematic review evaluates the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) burden among people who inject drugs (PWIDs)...
BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES
This systematic review evaluates the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) burden among people who inject drugs (PWIDs) in India. In addition, we selectively examined research on opioid substitution treatment (OST)-related services due to their role in antiviral treatment uptake and adherence.
METHODS
Data were sourced from peer-reviewed and government publications between 1991 and September 20, 2023, searched in MEDLINE, Scopus and EBSCOhost. English language studies reporting weighted prevalence or raw numbers and recruitment sites were included for review. Quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Data synthesis was done in graphs and tables.
RESULTS
We included 50 reports, yielding 150 HIV, 68 HCV and 24 HBV prevalence estimates across India, revealing significant regional heterogeneity. Notably, 16 States had a single community-based HIV estimate, and 19 States had limited or no HCV data. The highest HIV and HCV prevalence was in Manipur (74.7% and 97.5%, respectively) in 1996. Recent spikes included 50.2 per cent HIV prevalence in Punjab (2010) and 73 per cent HCV in Uttar Pradesh (2021). Nationally, OST coverage in 2020 was under five per cent, with some northeast, north and central States exceeding this, but most others were falling below two per cent. No studies on the cost-effectiveness of directly observed treatment models for OST were identified.
INTERPRETATION CONCLUSIONS
There is a lack of sufficiently granular and generalizable estimates for HIV prevalence and any estimates for HCV and HBV among PWIDs in large parts of the country. Community-based representative studies are required to quantify the prevalence and severity of these diseases and allocate resources.
Topics: Humans; Drug Users; India; Opiate Substitution Treatment; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis B virus; Hepacivirus; HIV Infections
PubMed: 38265946
DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1930_23 -
Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical... Jun 2024We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening rate in cancer patients before systemic chemotherapy, aiming to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIM
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening rate in cancer patients before systemic chemotherapy, aiming to identify those needing antiviral prophylaxis for HBV reactivation.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar for relevant studies. The pooled screening rate was estimated using a random effects model. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on malignancy types, chemotherapy regimens, study period, and HBV endemic regions.
RESULTS
The meta-analysis included 29 studies from various endemic regions (19 low-endemic, three lower intermediate-endemic, and seven higher intermediate-endemic). These studies encompassed hematologic malignancies (n = 10), solid-organ tumors (n = 4), and combinations (n = 15). Seven studies used rituximab-containing regimens, four did not, and the remaining 11 did not specify chemotherapy regimens. The pooled screening rate was 57% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 46%-68%, I= 100%). Over time, screening rates improved from 37% (95%CI: 23%-53%) in 2006-2010 to 68% (54%-80%) in 2011-2015 and 69% (48%-84%) in 2016-2020. Screening rates were highest at 89% (74%-96%) in high endemic countries, followed by 60% (45-73%) in lower-intermediate and 49% (34-64%) in low-endemic countries. Patients with hematological malignancies had a higher screening rate than those with solid organ tumors, 65% (55%-74%) versus 37% (21%-57%), respectively. A screening rate was higher in patients receiving rituximab-containing chemotherapy than non-rituximab regimens, 68% (55%-79%) versus 45% (27%-65%).
CONCLUSION
Despite existing guidelines, pre-chemotherapy HBV screening rate remains unsatisfactory, with substantial heterogeneous rates globally. These findings underscore the need for effective strategies to align practices with clinical guidelines.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Hepatitis B; Mass Screening; Hepatitis B virus; Antineoplastic Agents
PubMed: 38512893
DOI: 10.1111/ajco.14055 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Jul 2023Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem in Sierra Leone, yet reliable estimates of cases are lacking. This study aimed to provide an estimate... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem in Sierra Leone, yet reliable estimates of cases are lacking. This study aimed to provide an estimate of the national prevalence of chronic HBV infection in the general population and select groups in Sierra Leone. We used the electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and African Journals Online to systematically review articles reporting hepatitis B infection surface antigen seroprevalence estimates in Sierra Leone during 1997-2022. We estimated pooled HBV seroprevalence rates and assessed potential sources of heterogeneity. Of 546 publications screened, 22 studies with a total sample size of 107,186 people were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of chronic HBV infection was 13.0% (95% CI, 10.0-16.0) (I2 = 99%; Pheterogeneity < 0.01). During the study period, the HBV prevalence rates were as follows: 17.9% (95% CI, 6.7-39.8) before 2015, 13.3% (95% CI, 10.4-16.9) during 2015-2019, and 10.7% (95% CI, 7.5-14.9) during 2020-2022. The use of the 2020-2022 HBV prevalence estimates corresponded to 870,000 cases of chronic HBV infection (uncertainty interval, 610,000-1,213,000), or approximately one in nine people. The highest HBV seroprevalence estimates were among adolescents aged 10-17 years (17.0%; 95% CI, 8.8-30.5), Ebola survivors (36.8%; 95% CI, 26.2-48.8), people living with HIV (15.9%; 95% CI, 10.6-23.0), and those in the Northern Province (19.0%; 95% CI, 6.4-44.7) and Southern Province (19.7%; 95% CI, 10.9-32.8) regions. These findings may help inform national HBV program implementation in Sierra Leone.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Prevalence; Sierra Leone; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens
PubMed: 37217165
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0711 -
Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Feb 2024Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus is the most common risk factor for developing liver malignancy. Autophagy is an essential element in human cell maintenance. Several...
BACKGROUND
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus is the most common risk factor for developing liver malignancy. Autophagy is an essential element in human cell maintenance. Several studies have demonstrated that autophagy plays a vital role in liver cancer at different stages. In this systematic review, we intend to investigate the role of polymorphism and mutations of autophagy-related genes (ATGs) in the pathogenesis and carcinogenesis of the hepatitis B virus (HBV).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The search was conducted in online databases (Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus) using Viruses, Infections, Polymorphism, Autophagy, and ATG. The study was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria.
RESULTS
The primary search results led to 422 studies. By screening and eligibility evaluation, only four studies were relevant. The most important polymorphisms in hepatocellular carcinoma were rs2241880 in ATG16L1, rs77859116, rs510432, and rs548234 in ATG5. Furthermore, some polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of HBV infection including, rs2241880 in ATG16L1 and rs6568431 in ATG5.
CONCLUSION
The current study highlights the importance of rs2241880 in ATG16L1 and rs77859116, rs510432, and rs548234 in ATG5 for HBV-induced HCC. Additionally, some mutations in ATG16L1 and ATG5 were important in risk of HBV infection. The study highlights the gap of knowledge in the field of ATG polymorphisms in HBV infection and HBV-induced HCC.
Topics: Humans; Autophagy; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Hepatitis B virus; Liver Neoplasms
PubMed: 38353395
DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1182 -
Journal of Viral Hepatitis Jan 2024Hepatitis B remains a public health problem worldwide despite vaccine availability. Although the existing diagnostic tools help detect the infection, logistics support... (Review)
Review
Hepatitis B remains a public health problem worldwide despite vaccine availability. Although the existing diagnostic tools help detect the infection, logistics support and limited resources and technologies affect their usefulness and reliability in developing countries. This systematic review evaluated the performance of dried blood spots (DBS) as a collection and storage tool for diagnosing an hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. A comprehensive search using OVID, Scopus and CINAHL databases was performed to collate articles published up to April 2023 that detected Hepatitis B infections using DBS. Five reviewers independently performed identification, screening, quality assessment and data extraction. A qualitative synthesis of the included studies was conducted. Of the 402 articles, 78 met the inclusion criteria. The results show that most studies focused on populations with known HBV, HCV and/or HIV status. Approximately half (49%) of the included studies utilized the Whatman Protein Saver Card for DBS collection. The DBS samples were then predominantly stored in room temperature conditions. In line with this, storage conditions influenced the concentration and stability of the analyte from the DBS samples, affecting the accuracy of downstream diagnostic methods. ELISA methods, using hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) as an HBV marker, were the most widely used diagnostic tool for detecting HBV infection in DBS samples. The simplicity and cost-effectiveness of the ELISA technique highlight its potential to be used in low-resource settings. In line with this, the detection of HBsAg using an ELISA immunoassay had higher sensitivity (85.6%-100%), and specificity (95%-100%) ranges as compared to other target molecules and methods. Although this review only performed a qualitative analysis, DBS offers a promising method for collecting and storing blood samples; however, the standardization of sampling, storing conditions and diagnostic techniques is required to ensure sustainable application.
Topics: Humans; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Reproducibility of Results; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B virus; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 37789709
DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13890 -
Viruses Apr 2024This systematic review investigates the immunosuppressive environment in HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), characterized by dysfunctional and exhausted... (Review)
Review
This systematic review investigates the immunosuppressive environment in HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), characterized by dysfunctional and exhausted HBV-specific T cells alongside an increased infiltration of HBV-specific CD4+ T cells, particularly regulatory T cells (Tregs). Heightened expression of checkpoint inhibitors, notably PD-1, is linked with disease progression and recurrence, indicating its potential as both a prognostic indicator and a target for immunotherapy. Nevertheless, using PD-1 inhibitors has shown limited effectiveness. In a future perspective, understanding the intricate interplay between innate and adaptive immune responses holds promise for pinpointing predictive biomarkers and crafting novel treatment approaches for HBV-associated HCC.
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Hepatitis B virus; Adaptive Immunity; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B, Chronic; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; T-Lymphocytes; Immunotherapy
PubMed: 38793588
DOI: 10.3390/v16050707 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Jun 2024Currently, several studies have observed that chronic hepatitis B virus infection is associated with the pathogenesis of kidney disease. However, the extent of the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Currently, several studies have observed that chronic hepatitis B virus infection is associated with the pathogenesis of kidney disease. However, the extent of the correlation between hepatitis B virus infection and the chronic kidney disease risk remains controversial.
METHODS
In the present study, we searched all eligible literature in seven databases in English and Chinese. The random effects model was used to conduct a meta-analysis. Quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Scale.
RESULTS
In this analysis, a total of 31 studies reporting the association between hepatitis B virus infection and chronic kidney disease risk were included. The results showed a significant positive association between hepatitis B virus infection and the risk of chronic kidney disease (pooled OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.12-1.29), which means that hepatitis B virus increases the risk of developing chronic kidney disease.
CONCLUSION
This study found that hepatitis B virus infection was associated with a significantly increased risk of chronic kidney disease. However, the current study still cannot directly determine this causal relationship. Thus, more comprehensive prospective longitudinal studies are needed in the future to provide further exploration and explanation of the association between hepatitis B virus and the risk of developing chronic kidney disease.
Topics: Humans; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Risk Factors; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B virus
PubMed: 38909191
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09546-z -
Scientific Reports Dec 2023Childhood HBV immunization remains globally fundamental to the elimination of hepatitis B virus (HBV). However, monitoring proportions of HBV vaccine seroprotection and...
Childhood HBV immunization remains globally fundamental to the elimination of hepatitis B virus (HBV). However, monitoring proportions of HBV vaccine seroprotection and their determinants among African Pediatric recipients is crucial. This study sought to verify extent of immune protection accorded by the HBV vaccine in African children of up to 17 years of age by pooling the prevalence of seroprotection reported by primary studies conducted in the Northern, Western, and Southern African regions. We included 19 eligible articles out of the 197 initially downloaded, published from 1999 to 2021 from African Journals Online (AJOL), EMBASE, Scopus, and PubMed. The study protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), University of York Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, under the registration number CRD42022361277. Significantly higher (p < 0.0001) proportion of HBV vaccine seroprotection (69.07%) was found among children under 15 years of age than children 15-17 years (32.368%), 95% CI [34.2454-39.0847%]. Whereas successful integration of the HBV vaccine on the extended programs on immunizations (EPI) has been a major achievement in the reduction of HBV infection in Africa, markedly reduced HBV vaccine seroprotection is persistently demonstrated among adolescent children 15-17 years of age. Future studies are required to clarify the need for booster dose vaccination in most at risk populations and age groups.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B Antibodies; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Hepatitis B Vaccines; Hepatitis B virus
PubMed: 38092870
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49674-1