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Frontiers in Psychiatry 2023Partnering with people most affected by mental health problems can transform mental health outcomes. Citizen science as a research approach enables partnering with the... (Review)
Review
Partnering with people most affected by mental health problems can transform mental health outcomes. Citizen science as a research approach enables partnering with the public at a substantial scale, but there is scarce guidance on its use in mental health research. To develop best practise guidelines for conducting and reporting research, we conducted a systematic review of studies reporting mental health citizen science research. Documents were identified from electronic databases ( = 10), grey literature, conference proceedings, hand searching of specific journals and citation tracking. Document content was organised in NVIVO using the ten European Citizen Science Association (ECSA) citizen science principles. Best practise guidelines were developed by (a) identifying approaches specific to mental health research or where citizen science and mental health practises differ, (b) identifying relevant published reporting guidelines and methodologies already used in mental health research, and (c) identifying specific elements to include in reporting studies. A total of 14,063 documents were screened. Nine studies were included, from Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Netherlands, Spain, the UK, and the United States. Citizen scientists with lived experience of mental health problems were involved in data collection, analysis, project design, leadership, and dissemination of results. Most studies reported against some ECSA principles but reporting against these principles was often unclear and unstated. Best practise guidelines were developed, which identified mental health-specific issues relevant to citizen science, and reporting recommendations. These included citizen science as a mechanism for empowering people affected by mental health problems, attending to safeguarding issues such as health-related advice being shared between contributors, the use of existing health research reporting guidelines, evaluating the benefits for contributors and impact on researchers, explicit reporting of participation at each research stage, naming the citizen science platform and data repository, and clear reporting of consent processes, data ownership, and data sharing arrangements. We conclude that citizen science is feasible in mental health and can be complementary to other participatory approaches. It can contribute to active involvement, engagement, and knowledge production with the public. The proposed guidelines will support the quality of citizen science reporting.
PubMed: 37743990
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1175311 -
Annals of Plastic Surgery Sep 2023The administration of antibiotic prophylaxis for implant-based breast augmentation (IBBA) is commonplace among many plastic surgeons. However, the current literature... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The administration of antibiotic prophylaxis for implant-based breast augmentation (IBBA) is commonplace among many plastic surgeons. However, the current literature lacks evidence-based recommendations to support this practice. Although few studies have demonstrated a reduction in surgical site infection (SSI) and capsular contracture (CC) with antibiotics, these studies were underpowered and poorly designed. The aim of this study was to provide an updated comprehensive analysis of the literature to revisit the benefit of antibiotic prophylaxis.
METHODS
A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane was performed from January 1989 to January 2022. Observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving primary and secondary IBBA and use of antibiotic prophylaxis were included. Primary outcomes included SSI and CC. Study quality and risk of bias were evaluated using standardized tools. A meta-analysis was performed for eligible studies. Trial Sequential Analysis was used to assess the need for future RCTs.
RESULTS
A total of 5 studies (3 observational and 2 RCTs) with 2383 patients were included in this study. Rates of SSI ranged from 0% to 2.3%, whereas CC ranged from 0% to 53%. Antibiotic prophylaxis showed no benefit for both SSI (odds ratio, 1.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.76-4.13) and CC (odds ratio, 0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.00-45.72). Trial Sequential Analysis demonstrated that further high-quality RCTs are needed.
CONCLUSIONS
Antibiotic prophylaxis for IBBA failed to demonstrate improvements in SSI and CC in this comprehensive review. Current evidence was shown to be of low quality because of heterogeneity and high risk for bias. Further high-quality multicentered RCTs are warranted to fully evaluate the role of antibiotic prophylaxis for IBBA.
Topics: Female; Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Mammaplasty; Observational Studies as Topic; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Surgical Wound Infection
PubMed: 37566823
DOI: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000003622 -
Journal of Thoracic Oncology : Official... Mar 2024Uncommon EGFR mutations represent a rare subgroup of NSCLC. Data on the efficacy of different generations of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in these rare mutations... (Review)
Review
Uncommon EGFR mutations represent a rare subgroup of NSCLC. Data on the efficacy of different generations of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in these rare mutations are scattered and limited to mostly retrospective small cohorts because these patients were usually excluded from clinical trials. This was a systematic review on the efficacy of TKIs in patients harboring uncommon EGFR mutations, defined as mutations other than exon 20 insertions mutations or T790M. Response rates (RRs) for different generations of TKIs were determined for individual uncommon mutations, compound mutations, and according to classical-like and P-loop alpha helix compressing mutations classes. This study was conducted in accordance with the 2009 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A total of 1836 patients from 38 studies were included in the final analysis. Most available data (92.6%) were from patients treated with first- or second-generation TKIs. G719X, S768I, E709X, L747X, and E709-T710delinsD showed RRs ranging from 47.8% to 72.3% to second-generation TKIs, generally higher than for first- or third-generation TKIs. L861Q mutation exhibited 75% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 56.6%-88.5%) RRs to third-generation TKIs. Compound mutations with G719X, E709X, or S768I consistently showed RRs above 50% to second- and third-generation TKIs, although fewer data were available for third generations. For classical-like mutations, RRs were 35.4% (95% CI: 27.2%-44.2%), 51.9% (95% CI: 44.4%-59.3%), and 67.9% (95% CI: 47.6%-84.1%) to first-, second-, and third-generation TKIs, whereas for P-loop alpha helix compressing mutations classes mutations, RRs were 37.2% (95% CI: 32.4%-42.1%), 59.6% (95% CI: 54.8%-64.3%), and 46.3% (95% CI: 32.6%-60.4%), respectively. This systematic review supports the use of second-generation TKI afatinib for G719X, S768I, E709X, and L747X mutations and for compound uncommon mutations. For other uncommon mutations such as L861Q, third-generation TKI, such as osimertinib, could also be considered, given its activity and toxicity profile.
PubMed: 38499147
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2024.03.016 -
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric... Apr 2024Mental health is shaped by social and economic contexts, which were altered during the COVID-19 pandemic. No study has systematically reviewed the literature on the... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Mental health is shaped by social and economic contexts, which were altered during the COVID-19 pandemic. No study has systematically reviewed the literature on the relation between different assets and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review of the literature on financial (e.g. income/savings), physical (e.g., home ownership), and social (e.g., marital status, educational attainment) assets and depression in U.S. adults. For each asset type, we created binary comparisons to report on the direction of the relationship and described if each study reported insignificant, positive, negative, or mixed associations.
RESULTS
Among the 41 articles identified, we found that income was the most studied asset (n=34), followed by education (n=25), marital status (n=18), home ownership (n=5), and savings (n=4). 88%, 100%, and 100% of articles reported a significant association of higher income, home ownership, and higher savings, respectively, with less depression. The association between marital status and education with depression was more nuanced: 72% (13 of 18) studies showed that unmarried persons had greater risk of depression than married or cohabitating persons and 52% (13 of 25) of studies reported no significant difference in depression across educational groups.
CONCLUSION
This work adds to the literature a deeper understanding of how different assets relate to depression. In the context of largescale traumatic events, policies that maintain and protect access to social, physical, and financial assets may help to protect mental health.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Socioeconomic Factors; Depression; Pandemics; COVID-19; Income
PubMed: 37838630
DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02565-2 -
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of... Sep 2023The purpose of this study was to systematically review the impact of nanofillers on the physicomechanical properties of resin-based pit and fissure sealants (RBS). This... (Review)
Review
The purpose of this study was to systematically review the impact of nanofillers on the physicomechanical properties of resin-based pit and fissure sealants (RBS). This review included in vitro studies with full-length English-language articles reporting on the physicomechanical properties of nanofilled RBS until February 2023. PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and LILACS databases were accessed for literature searches. The review was formulated based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and used the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines and risk of bias Cochrane tool for quality assessment. The search resulted in 539 papers, of which 22 were eligible to be included in the review. Inorganic, polymeric, core-shell, and composite nanomaterials were used to reinforce the studied RBS. The inherent nature of the nanomaterial used, its morphology, concentration, and volume used were the primary parameters that determined the nanomaterial's success as a filler in RBS. These parameters also influenced their interaction with the resin matrix, which influenced the final physicomechanical properties of RBS. The use of nanofillers that were non-agglomerated and well dispersed in the resin matrix enhanced the physicomechanical properties of RBS.
Topics: Humans; Pit and Fissure Sealants; Nanostructures; Polymers; Reference Standards; Dental Caries
PubMed: 37499522
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106037 -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023Tibial eminence fractures (TEF) of Meyers-McKeever type II-III-IV usually require surgical management. No consensus in the literature has been achieved regarding the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Tibial eminence fractures (TEF) of Meyers-McKeever type II-III-IV usually require surgical management. No consensus in the literature has been achieved regarding the best treatment option. The aims of the present systematic review were (1) to analyze the current literature and describe the outcomes of surgical treatment for TEF; and (2) to compare the outcomes of different surgical options using arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation (ARIF) with sutures or screws and open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF).
METHODS
A search was carried out with Pubmed, Medline, and Cochrane. Key terms were used "tibial" AND "eminence" or "spine" or "intercondylar" AND "paediatric" or "children" AND "fracture" or "avulsion" AND "treatment". Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria. Demographic data, clinical outcomes, and complication rates were evaluated for each study. Means/standard deviation and sum/percentage were used for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Chi-square or t-student tests were applied. A -value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
ORIF showed superior clinical outcomes (Tegner ( < 0.05) and Lysholm ( < 0.001) scores) relative to ARIF and a lower incidence of arthrofibrosis ( < 0.05) and implant removal ( < 0.01). The Tegner, IKDC, and Lysholm scores showed statistically significant superior results following arthroscopic sutures compared to arthroscopic screws ( < 0.001). The incidence of arthrofibrosis was higher after arthroscopic sutures ( < 0.05), the implant removal was higher after screw fixation ( < 0.001) Conclusions: Better clinical results with low complication rates were achieved with ORIF surgery rather than ARIF; arthroscopic suture fixation resulted in higher clinical results compared to arthroscopic screw fixation and reduced the incidence of postoperative complications.
PubMed: 37628378
DOI: 10.3390/children10081379 -
Journal of Global Health Nov 2023Low-and-middle-income countries, especially in Africa, lack the capacity to adequately invest in health systems to attain universal health coverage (UHC). As such,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Low-and-middle-income countries, especially in Africa, lack the capacity to adequately invest in health systems to attain universal health coverage (UHC). As such, countries must improve efficiency and provide more services within the available resources. This systematic review synthesised evidence on the efficiency of health systems in the African region and its drivers.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic literature review guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement. Related studies were grouped and meta-analysed, while others were descriptively analysed. We employed a qualitative content synthesis for synthesising the drivers of efficiency.
RESULTS
Overall, 39 studies met a predetermined inclusion criterion and were included from a possible 4 609 records retrieved through a rigorous search and selection process. Using a random effects restricted maximum likelihood method, the pooled efficiency score for the Africa region was estimated to be 0.77, implying that on the flip side, health system inefficiency across countries in the African region was approximately 23%. Across 22 studies that used data envelopment analysis to examine efficiency at the level of health facilities and sub-national entities, the efficiency level was 0.67. Facility-level studies tended to estimate low levels of efficiency compared to health system-level studies. Across the 39 studies, 21 significant drivers of inefficiency were reported, including population density of the catchment area, governance, health facility ownership, health facility staff density, national economic status, type of health facility, education index, hospital size and bed occupancy rate.
CONCLUSION
With approximately 23% of the inefficiency of health systems in Africa, improving efficiency alone will yield an average of 34% improvement in resource availability, assuming all countries are performing similarly to the frontier countries. However, with the low level of health expenditure per capita in Africa, the efficiency gains alone will be insufficient to meet the minimum funding requirement for UHC.
REGISTRATION
PROSPERO: CRD42022318122.
Topics: Humans; Africa; Health Expenditures; Health Facilities; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 37934959
DOI: 10.7189/jogh.13.04131 -
Innovation in Aging 2024In most western countries, older adults depend on private cars for transportation and do not proactively plan for driving cessation. The objective of this review was to... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
In most western countries, older adults depend on private cars for transportation and do not proactively plan for driving cessation. The objective of this review was to examine current research studies outlining effective interventions and strategies to assist older adults during their transition from driver to driving retirement or cessation.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A search was completed across 9 databases using key words and MeSH terms for drivers, cessation of driving, and older adult drivers. Eligibility screening of 9,807 titles and abstracts, followed by a detailed screening of 206 papers, was completed using the Covidence platform. Twelve papers were selected for full-text screen and data extraction, comprising 3 papers with evidence-based intervention programs and 9 papers with evidence-informed strategies.
RESULTS
Three papers met the research criteria of a controlled study for programs that support and facilitate driving cessation for older adults. Nine additional studies were exploratory or descriptive, which outlined strategies that could support older drivers, their families, and/or healthcare professionals during this transition. Driving retirement programs/toolkits are also presented.
DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS
The driver retirement programs had promising results, but there were methodological weaknesses within the studies. Strategies extracted contributed to 6 themes: of the topic, is important, is critical, away from assessment to proactive planning, is needed, and should be the end result. Meeting the transportation needs of older adults will be essential to support aging in place, out-of-home mobility, and participation, particularly in developed countries where there is such a high dependency on private motor vehicles.
PubMed: 38948542
DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igae054 -
Cancers Jul 2023This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rechallenging advanced melanoma patients with BRAFi/MEKi. Seven studies, accounting... (Review)
Review
This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rechallenging advanced melanoma patients with BRAFi/MEKi. Seven studies, accounting for 400 patients, were included. Most patients received immunotherapy before the rechallenge, and 79% underwent rechallenge with the combination of BRAFi/MEKi. We found a median progression-free survival of 5 months and overall survival of 9.8 months. The one-year survival rate was 42.63%. Regarding response, ORR was 34% and DCR 65%. There were no new or unexpected safety concerns. Rechallenge with BRAFi/MEKi can improve outcomes in advanced melanoma patients with refractory disease. These findings have significant implications for clinical practice, particularly in the setting of progressive disease in later lines and limited treatment options.
PubMed: 37568570
DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153754 -
Injury Epidemiology Dec 2023Despite growing evidence about how state-level firearm regulations affect overall rates of injury and death, little is known about whether potential harms or benefits of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Despite growing evidence about how state-level firearm regulations affect overall rates of injury and death, little is known about whether potential harms or benefits of firearm laws are evenly distributed across demographic subgroups. In this systematic review, we synthesized available evidence on the extent to which firearm policies produce differential effects by race and ethnicity on injury, recreational or defensive gun use, and gun ownership or purchasing behaviors.
MAIN BODY
We searched 13 databases for English-language studies published between 1995 and February 28, 2023 that estimated a relationship between firearm policy in the USA and one of eight outcomes, included a comparison group, evaluated time series data, and provided estimated policy effects differentiated by race or ethnicity. We used pre-specified criteria to evaluate the quality of inference and causal effect identification. By policy and outcome, we compared policy effects across studies and across racial/ethnic groups using two different ways to express effect sizes: incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and rate differences. Of 182 studies that used quasi-experimental methods to evaluate firearm policy effects, only 15 estimated policy effects differentiated by race or ethnicity. These 15 eligible studies provided 57 separate policy effect comparisons across race/ethnicity, 51 of which evaluated interpersonal violence. In IRR terms, there was little consistent evidence that policies produced significantly different effects for different racial/ethnic groups. However, because of different baseline homicide rates, similar relative effects for some policies (e.g., universal background checks) translated into significantly greater absolute differences in homicide rates among Black compared to white victims.
CONCLUSIONS
The current literature does not support strong conclusions about whether state firearm policies differentially benefit or harm particular racial/ethnic groups. This largely reflects limited attention to these questions in the literature and challenges with detecting such effects given existing data availability and statistical power. Findings also emphasize the need for additional rigorous research that adopts a more explicit focus on testing for racial differences in firearm policy effects and that assesses the quality of race/ethnicity information in firearm injury and crime datasets.
PubMed: 38098076
DOI: 10.1186/s40621-023-00477-y