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International Journal of Chronic... 2023Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by neutrophils airway infiltration. It is currently known that... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by neutrophils airway infiltration. It is currently known that Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is an important pro-inflammatory factor. It can promote the accumulation of neutrophils and participate in the chronic inflammatory process of COPD. However, the value of IL-17 levels in the diagnosis and assessment of COPD remains controversial. In view of this, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess its relevance.
METHODS
We searched databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Embase to extract original research.
RESULTS
A total of 10 studies with 2268 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that the level of serum IL-17 in patients with stable COPD was significantly higher than that in healthy controls (standard mean difference SMD, 1.59, 95% CI 0.84-2.34; <0.001). Compared with the stable COPD group, the serum IL-17 level in acute exacerbation (AECOPD) was significantly higher (SMD, 1.78, 95% CI 1.22-2.33; <0.001). The level of IL-17 in sputum of COPD patients was also higher than that of healthy controls (SMD, 2.03, 95% CI 0.74-3.31; <0.001).
CONCLUSION
Our results showed that IL-17 levels were elevated in serum and sputum in COPD patients compared with healthy controls, and IL-17 levels increased with disease progression. IL-17 serves as a potential biomarker to indicate the persistence of neutrophilic inflammation and exacerbation of COPD.
Topics: Humans; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Interleukin-17; Neutrophils; Inflammation; Biomarkers
PubMed: 37551391
DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S412626 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that currently has an unknown cause and pathogenesis, and is associated with many complications and a high disability...
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that currently has an unknown cause and pathogenesis, and is associated with many complications and a high disability rate. The neutrophil extracellular trap network (NETs) is a newly discovered mechanism that allows neutrophils to capture and kill pathogens. Multiple studies in recent years have highlighted its relevance to the progression of rheumatoid arthritis. Despite the growing number of studies indicating the crucial role of NETs in RA, there has been no bibliometric review of research hotspots and trends in this area. In this study, we retrieved articles related to NETs in RA from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database from 1985 to 2023 and used visualization tools such as Citespace, VOSviewer, Tableau Public, and Microsoft Office Excel 2021 to analyze the data. After screening, we included a total of 416 publications involving 2,334 researchers from 1,357 institutions in 167 countries/regions, with relevant articles published in 219 journals. The U.S., China, and Germany are the top 3 countries/regions with 124, 57, and 37 publications respectively. Mariana J. Kaplan is the most published author, and journals such as Frontiers in Immunology and International Journal of Molecular Sciences have had a significant impact on research in this field. The clinical application of PAD enzymes and their inhibitors, and the drug development of NETs as therapeutic targets for RA is a trend for future research. Our study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis and summary of NETs in RA publications, which will aid researchers in conducting further scientific research.
Topics: Humans; Extracellular Traps; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoimmune Diseases; Neutrophils; Bibliometrics
PubMed: 37680637
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1205445 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Over 1.1 billion people smoke worldwide. The alkaloid nicotine is a prominent and addictive component of tobacco. In addition to tumors and cardiovascular disorders,...
BACKGROUND
Over 1.1 billion people smoke worldwide. The alkaloid nicotine is a prominent and addictive component of tobacco. In addition to tumors and cardiovascular disorders, tobacco consumption is associated with a variety of chronic-inflammatory diseases. Although neutrophilic granulocytes (neutrophils) play a role in the pathogenesis of many of these diseases, the impact of nicotine on neutrophils has not been systematically reviewed so far.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the direct influence of nicotine on human neutrophil functions, specifically on cell death/damage, apoptosis, chemotaxis, general motility, adhesion molecule expression, eicosanoid synthesis, cytokine/chemokine expression, formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), phagocytosis, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), net antimicrobial activity, and enzyme release.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. A literature search was performed in the databases NCBI Pubmed and Web of Science™ in February 2023. Inclusion criteria comprised English written research articles, showing studies on the direct impact of nicotine on specified human neutrophil functions.
RESULTS
Of the 532 originally identified articles, data from 34 articles were finally compiled after several evaluation steps. The considered studies highly varied in methodological aspects. While at high concentrations (>3 mmol/l) nicotine started to be cytotoxic to neutrophils, concentrations typically achieved in blood of smokers (in the nmol/l range) applied for long exposure times (24-72h) supported the survival of neutrophils. Smoking-relevant nicotine concentrations also increased the chemotaxis of neutrophils towards several chemoattractants, elevated their production of elastase, lipocalin-2, CXCL8, leukotriene B4 and prostaglandin E2, and reduced their integrin expression. Moreover, while nicotine impaired the neutrophil phagocytotic and anti-microbial activity, a range of studies demonstrated increased NET formation. However, conflicting effects were found on ROS generation, selectin expression and release of β-glucuronidase and myeloperoxidase.
CONCLUSION
Nicotine seems to support the presence in the tissue and the inflammatory and selected tissue-damaging activity of neutrophils and reduces their antimicrobial functions, suggesting a direct contribution of nicotine to the pathogenesis of chronic-inflammatory diseases via influencing the neutrophil biology.
Topics: Humans; Extracellular Traps; Neutrophils; Nicotine; Reactive Oxygen Species; Granulocytes
PubMed: 38077313
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1281685 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Nov 2023The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), an inflammatory biomarker, measures innate-adaptive immune system balance. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aim... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), an inflammatory biomarker, measures innate-adaptive immune system balance. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aim to analyze the current literature to evaluate the diagnostic role of NLR in neonatal sepsis.
METHODS
PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were used to conduct a systematic search for relevant publications published before May 14, 2022.
RESULTS
Thirty studies, including 2328 neonates with sepsis and 1800 neonates in the control group, were included in our meta-analysis. The results indicated that NLR is higher in neonates with sepsis compared to healthy controls (SMD = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.14-2.48, P-value < 0.001) in either prospective (SMD = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.40-3.35, P-value < 0.001) or retrospective studies (SMD = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.63-1.12, P-value < 0.001) with a pooled sensitivity of 79% (95% CI = 62-90%), and a pooled specificity of 91% (95% CI = 73-97%). Also, we found that NLR is higher in neonates with sepsis compared to those who were suspected of sepsis but eventually had negative blood cultures (SMD =1.99, 95% CI = 0.76-3.22, P-value = 0.002) with a pooled sensitivity of 0.79% (95% CI = 0.69-0.86%), and a pooled specificity of 73% (95% CI = 54-85%). In addition, neonates with sepsis had elevated levels of NLR compared to other ICU admitted neonates (SMD = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.63-0.84, P < 0.001). The pooled sensitivity was 0.65 (95% CI, 0.55-0.80), and the pooled specificity was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.68-0.88).
CONCLUSION
Our findings support NLR as a promising biomarker that can be readily integrated into clinical settings to aid in diagnosing neonatal sepsis. As evidenced by our results, restoring balance to the innate and adaptive immune system may serve as attractive therapeutic targets. Theoretically, a reduction in NLR values could be used to measure therapeutic efficacy, reflecting the restoration of balance within these systems.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Neutrophils; Neonatal Sepsis; Retrospective Studies; Prospective Studies; Lymphocytes; Biomarkers; Sepsis
PubMed: 38012554
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08800-0 -
Clinical Biochemistry Nov 2023Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is defined as hearing loss of more than 30 dB in less than 72 h. SSNHL is a frequent complaint and an emergency in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is defined as hearing loss of more than 30 dB in less than 72 h. SSNHL is a frequent complaint and an emergency in otolaryngology. Various biomarkers have been used to determine the prognosis of SSNHL. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the relationship between the different biomarkers and the prognosis of SSNHL. We searched English-language literature up to October 2022 in four databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and Science Direct. This search was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. This study was reported in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database (ID = CRD42022369538). All studies examining the role of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) concluded that higher NLR is associated with a worse prognosis. The results of studies regarding the relationship between platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are controversial. Other factors shown to be associated with SSNHL include Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), blood glucose, iron levels, serum endocan, salusin-beta, and bone turnover biomarkers. This meta-analysis showed that PLR, NLR, and neutrophils were significantly different between recovered and non-recovered patients. PLR, NLR, and neutrophil count are reliable tools to assess the prognosis of patients with SSNHL.
Topics: Humans; Biomarkers; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Hearing Loss, Sudden; Lymphocytes; Neutrophils; Prognosis
PubMed: 37944628
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2023.110684 -
Strahlentherapie Und Onkologie : Organ... Dec 2023Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most represented cells of the immune system in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Besides its effects on cancer cells,... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most represented cells of the immune system in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Besides its effects on cancer cells, radiation therapy (RT) can alter TME composition. With this systematic review, we provide a better understanding on how RT can regulate macrophage characterization, namely the M1 antitumor and the M2 protumor polarization, with the aim of describing new effective RT models and exploration of the possibility of integrating radiation with other available therapies.
METHODS
A systematic search in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was carried out in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Articles from January 2000 to April 2020 which focus on the role of M1 and M2 macrophages in the response to RT were identified.
RESULTS
Of the 304 selected articles, 29 qualitative summary papers were included in our analysis (16 focusing on administration of RT and concomitant systemic molecules, and 13 reporting on RT alone). Based on dose intensity, irradiation was classified into low (low-dose irradiation, LDI; corresponding to less than 1 Gy), moderate (moderate-dose irradiation, MDI; between 1 and 10 Gy), and high (high-dose irradiation, HDI; greater than 10 Gy). While HDI seems to be responsible for induced angiogenesis and accelerated tumor growth through early M2-polarized TAM infiltration, MDI stimulates phagocytosis and local LDI may represent a valid treatment option for possible combination with cancer immunotherapeutic agents.
CONCLUSION
TAMs seem to have an ambivalent role on the efficacy of cancer treatment. Radiation therapy, which exerts its main antitumor activity via cell killing, can in turn interfere with TAM characterization through different modalities. The plasticity of TAMs makes them an attractive target for anticancer therapies and more research should be conducted to explore this potential therapeutic strategy.
Topics: Humans; Tumor-Associated Macrophages; Neoplasms; Macrophages; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37347290
DOI: 10.1007/s00066-023-02097-3 -
Archives of Dermatological Research Feb 2024Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory skin disorder characterized by well-demarcated erythematous lesions with surface scaling. The disease is underpinned by a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory skin disorder characterized by well-demarcated erythematous lesions with surface scaling. The disease is underpinned by a dysregulated immune response with a shift in the balance of neutrophils, lymphocytes and platelets. We sought to evaluate the novel systemic inflammatory markers, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), as psoriatic indicators. Pubmed, Web of Science and Scopus were systematically searched for relevant studies. Twenty-four studies consisting of a total of 2,275 psoriatic patients (1,301 males and 974 females) and 2,334 healthy controls (1,401 males and 933 females) were identified for inclusion in the quantitative analysis. The NLR and PLR were found to be significantly increased in psoriatic patients [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.68, 95% CI 0.56-0.80, p < 0.01, and SMD = 0.37, 95% CI 0.14-0.60, p < 0.01, respectively]. However, no association between the NLR and PLR with psoriasis severity was detected (p = 0.93, and p = 0.83, respectively). In conclusion, the NLR and PLR are simple and cost-effective markers of psoriatic presence, but their value as severity markers requires further study.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Neutrophils; Psoriasis; Skin; Lymphocytes
PubMed: 38329632
DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-02823-6 -
Chest Jul 2023Monocyte distribution width (MDW) is an emerging biomarker for infection. It is available easily and quickly as part of the CBC count, which is performed routinely on... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Monocyte distribution width (MDW) is an emerging biomarker for infection. It is available easily and quickly as part of the CBC count, which is performed routinely on hospital admission. The increasing availability and promising results of MDW as a biomarker in sepsis has prompted an expansion of its use to other infectious diseases.
RESEARCH QUESTION
What is the diagnostic performance of MDW across multiple infectious disease outcomes and care settings?
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS
A systematic review of the diagnostic performance of MDW across multiple infectious disease outcomes was conducted by searching PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science through February 4, 2022. Meta-analysis was performed for outcomes with three or more reports identified (sepsis and COVID-19). Diagnostic performance measures were calculated for individual studies with pooled estimates created by linear mixed-effects models.
RESULTS
We identified 29 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Most examined sepsis (19 studies) and COVID-19 (six studies). Pooled estimates of diagnostic performance for sepsis differed by reference standard (Second vs Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock criteria) and tube anticoagulant used and ranged from an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.74 to 0.94, with mean sensitivity of 0.69 to 0.79 and mean specificity of 0.57 to 0.86. For COVID-19, the pooled AUC of MDW was 0.76, mean sensitivity was 0.79, and mean specificity was 0.59.
INTERPRETATION
MDW exhibited good diagnostic performance for sepsis and COVID-19. Diagnostic thresholds for sepsis should be chosen with consideration of reference standard and tube type used.
TRIAL REGISTRY
Prospero; No.: CRD42020210074; URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/.
Topics: Humans; Monocytes; COVID-19; Sepsis; Biomarkers; Communicable Diseases; COVID-19 Testing
PubMed: 36681146
DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.12.049 -
BMC Women's Health Nov 2023The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compile existing evidence on the significance of the NLR in predicting endometriosis in order to aid... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compile existing evidence on the significance of the NLR in predicting endometriosis in order to aid clinical decision-making and outcomes.
METHODS
We searched ProQuest, Web of Science, and PubMed for related studies published before January 2, 2023. Standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported for each outcome. Because a significant level of heterogeneity was found, we used the random-effects model to calculate pooled effects. We used Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for quality assessment.
RESULTS
Overall, 18 article with were included in the analysis. A random-effect model revealed that patients with endometriosis had elevated levels of NLR compared to healthy controls (SMD = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.33 to 1.25, P < 0.001). Patients with endometriosis had elevated levels of NLR compared to those with other benign tumors (SMD = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.17 to 1.53, P = 0.014). In addition, NLR level of patients with stage III and IV endometriosis was not different from that of patients with stage I and II endometrioma (SMD = 0.30, 95% CI = -0.14 to 0.74, P = 0.18). However, NLR level was not different between endometriosis patients with and without peritoneal lesions (SMD = -0.12, 95% CI = -0.34to 0.10, P = 0.28), between patients with and without endometrioma (SMD = 0.20, 95% CI = -0.15 to 0.55, P = 0.26) and between endometriosis patients with and without deep lesions (SMD = 0.04, 95% CI = -0.20 to 0.28, P = 0.72). The pooled sensitivity of NLR was 0.67 (95% CI = 0.60-0.73), and the pooled specificity was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.62-0.73).
CONCLUSIONS
NLR might be utilized in clinics as a possible predictor to help clinicians diagnose endometriosis in affected women.
Topics: Humans; Female; Endometriosis; Neutrophils; Lymphocytes; Peritoneal Diseases
PubMed: 37936116
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02692-7 -
Experimental & Molecular Medicine Mar 2024Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome (sHLH/MAS) is a life-threatening immune disorder triggered by rheumatic disease, infections,... (Review)
Review
Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome (sHLH/MAS) is a life-threatening immune disorder triggered by rheumatic disease, infections, malignancies, or medications. Characterized by the presence of hemophagocytic macrophages and a fulminant cytokine storm, sHLH/MAS leads to hyperferritinemia and multiorgan failure and rapidly progresses to death. The high mortality rate and the lack of specific treatments necessitate the development of a new drug. However, the complex and largely unknown immunopathologic mechanisms of sHLH/MAS, which involve dysfunction of various immune cells, diverse etiologies, and different clinical contexts make this effort challenging. This review introduces the terminology, diagnosis, and clinical features of sHLH/MAS. From a translational perspective, this review focuses on the immunopathological mechanisms linked to various etiologies, emphasizing potential drug targets, including key molecules and signaling pathways. We also discuss immunomodulatory biologics, existing drugs under clinical evaluation, and novel therapies in clinical trials. This systematic review aims to provide insights and highlight opportunities for the development of novel sHLH/MAS therapeutics.
Topics: Humans; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic; Macrophage Activation Syndrome; Macrophages
PubMed: 38448692
DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01182-6